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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Authority for practitioners to dispense or prescribe approved narcotic controlled substances for maintenance or detoxification treatment. Final rule.

DEA is amending its regulations to allow qualified practitioners not otherwise registered as a narcotic treatment program to dispense and prescribe to narcotic dependent persons Schedule III, IV, and V narcotic controlled drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration specifically for use in maintenance or detoxification treatment. This Final Rule is in response to amendments to the Controlled Substances Act by the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA) that are designed to expand and improve treatment of narcotic addiction. This Final Rule is intended to accomplish the goals of DATA while preventing the diversion of Schedule III, IV, and V narcotic controlled drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration specifically for maintenance / detoxification treatment.

Certification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The technique of controlled delivery as a weapon in dealing with illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

The technique of controlled delivery is used when a consignment of illicit drugs is detected and allowed to go forward under the control and surveillance of law enforcement officers in order to secure evidence against the organizers of such illicit drug traffic. This technique has been proved effective in some countries in identifying and bringing to justice principals, organizers and financiers of the illicit drug traffic. The controlled delivery technique is compatible with the requirements of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, but its application depends on the particular legal and administrative provisions in the countries concerned. The technique merits wider use, and it does not involve any element of entrapment. It has been used most effectively when illicit drugs are discovered in unaccompanied freight consignments or in the post. Controlled deliveries involving a courier present special difficulties and should be treated with caution. In a controlled delivery, security of information is of paramount importance as is the appropriate knowledge and co-operation of the law enforcement authorities. Such co-operation is essential between the country in which the initial detection of drugs has occurred, transit countries and the country of final destination. A number of important detections have been made as a result of speedy international co-operation of this type between law enforcement authorities.

Crime↗
PubMed2000

Quantitative determination of dihydroetorphine in rat plasma and brain by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The extraordinarily strong analgesic dihydroetorphine (DHE) was registered as one of the most strictly controlled narcotic drugs by the United Nations in 1999. However, an effective detection method for DHE in biological samples has not yet been established. We developed a quantitative method for assay of DHE in rat plasma and brain by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry equipped with an ionspray interface. A 0.5-ml volume of plasma and brain homogenate spiked with buprenorphine (internal standard) was purified by the solid-phase extraction column Bond Elute Certify. DHE produced numerous weak fragment ions by collision induced dissociation. Therefore, collision energy was utilized to decompose the interferences, and the protonated molecular ion was used for both precursor and product ion monitoring. As a result of the method validation, the dynamic concentration range was determined as 0.05-10 ng/ml. DHE in these samples was stable for 2 months at -4 degrees C and for 24 h at ambient temperatures. Using the present method, DHE was detected in rat plasma and brain tissue after intravenous injection (0.5 microg/kg).

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug regulation: theory and practice].

Regulation of drugs from the public administration is an activity which is produced in different countries independently from the sanitary model they own. In the field of public financing of drugs there have been several measures to improve the efficiency of their use. However, the analysis of the impact of these measures is complex and this may justify the shortage of objectivable results, especially at long term. The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review of such measures due to the need to have information about the different alternatives before making a decision. The introduction of an isolated measure is in many cases compensated by other changes in other regulating or aiding fields which suggests the creation of an integral strategy which affects different fields (supply/demand of drugs and prescribers). It seems necessary to suggest a social debate taking as a basis the scientific information available at the moment and promote the taking of decisions which lead to a rational use of the available pharmacological resources.

Catalogs, Drug as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of potassium permanganate as addictive drug "precursor"].

Potassium permanganate is used for the production of cocaine and methylcathinone. The third convention of the UN against narcotic drugs (1988) contains a list of so-called precursors, substances commonly used for the production of narcotic drugs. The control of the precursors can be a very important step to prevent the illicit production of narcotic substances. A chemical characterization of a seized product may contribute to determine the origin of the producing company and the trade channels and to prevent further illicit deliveries. 31 samples of permanganate (19 authentic and 12 seized samples) have been analyzed for 9 metallic elements. Detailed procedures for the emission spectrography and ICP-analysis are given and the range of concentrations is tabulated. It was surprising that no significant concentrations of metals like chromium, nickel or cobalt were present. Nor was the difference between the technical and analytically pure products sufficient to make a differentiation according to origin. This is probably attributable to the technical manufacture of permanganate by electrolysis. All the statistical analyses of the results performed on the available data do not allow conclusions as to the country of origin or manufacturer, as production batches of one and the same manufacturer may also show differences. Only the morphology of the product (crystals, powder or "free flowing") allows a certain characterization. Nevertheless it seems necessary to analyze all seized samples for impurities and to establish a table of "impurity profiling" in the future in order to receive more information and to find correlations in selected cases.

Austria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The monitoring of trade in and control of psychotropic substances to guard against their diversion.

The establishment of international control of opiates has been an important achievement of the international community; this is substantiated by the fact that, at the beginning of this century, legally manufactured morphine and heroin were the principal sources of illicit supply, whereas at present the illicit traffic in these drugs is supplied from illicit sources. The poppy straw process has helped to promote measures to control opium poppy cultivation in a number of European countries; Turkey has been a successful example of such control. The present large-scale illicit traffic in cannabis resin and cocaine is the consequence of the lack of the implementation of provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, to control the cannabis plant and the coca bush at the national level. The provisions of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, being largely a result of international compromise, are not designed in the best possible way to prevent the diversion of psychotropic substances from legal sources to illicit channels. There are no appropriate provisions for the control and monitoring of international transactions. There is a discrepancy between the rather limited scope of international control of substances listed in schedules III and IV of the 1971 Convention and the much larger scope of control of hypnotics, sedatives and tranquillizers at national levels. The provisions of the 1971 Convention, however, constitute a legal basis for bilateral and multilateral actions for the detection of suspected diversion cases, and offer possibilities of promoting the prevention of diversion of psychotropic substances. At present, the relationship between the control of psychotropic drugs, including the prevention of diversion and the organization of the national drug supply system, as well as the efficacy of national control over pharmaceutical products, has not been fully recognized by the international community.

Drug and Narcotic Control↗
PubMed2006

The Diversion of Ultram, Ultracet, and generic tramadol HCL.

Ultram (tramadol HCL) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1994 as a non-scheduled drug under the Controlled Substance Act. The non-scheduled status was contingent on the development and implementation of a comprehensive post-marketing surveillance program by an Independent Steering Committee external to Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical charged with monitoring abuse and recommending scheduling if unexpectedly high abuse occurred. The program developed by this committee was composed of a variety of studies, and the results of the first three years of the surveillance efforts revealed that the rate of Ultram abuse was low. At a meeting of the FDA in 1998 to reexamine the scheduling status of Ultram, it was recommended that the scope of the postmarketing surveillance program be broadened to include data on diversion. After a 1-year pilot study, by January 2002, a nationwide diversion survey was fully operational. This brief communication describes the experiences of this diversion study, and compares the findings on the diversion of Ultram and other tramadol HCL products with that of more widely abused drugs. Survey data suggest that the diversion of Ultram and other tramadol products is low, and overall, diversion investigators did not consider tramadol to be a problem in their respective jurisdictions.

Acetaminophen↗