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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Disorders of the external ear.

External ear disorders are diffuse, varying from cosmetically unacceptable anomalies to serious neoplasms. Between these extremes lie the more common problems presenting to the primary care physician in an ambulatory setting. These problems include trauma, obstructions, dermatoses, and infections, some or all of which may be vexing to the busy clinician. Most of these problems are not serious and can be approached with the confidence of a salutary outcome with appropriate therapy.

Ear Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Development of the human external ear.

External ear development is a lengthy and complex process that extends from early embryonic life until well into the postnatal period. Initial development of the auricle and external auditory canal during the fourth and fifth weeks of gestation is closely associated with anatomical changes involving the pharyngeal arch apparatus of the human embryo. The auricle and external canal are well formed by the time of birth but do not attain their full size and adult configuration until about 9 years of age. Sebaceous and modified apocrine glands, which are responsible for cerumen production, begin their development at about 5 months gestation in association with hair follicles in the outer portion of the external canal. Although they appear anatomically mature before birth, these glands do not reach full functional capacity until puberty.

Ear Canal↗
PubMed1988

Acute pseudomonas infection of the external ear (malignant external otitis).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly causes low-grade infections of the external auditory canal. If these infections are inadequately treated, they can progress into a severe form of external otitis called malignant external otitis (MEO). MEO usually occurs in elderly diabetic patients and demands immediate diagnosis and medical therapy in order to prevent systemic invasion, neurologic sequelae, and even death. We present two cases of acute pseudomonas infections of the ear, neither of which progressed to MEO due to early implementation of antibiotic therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Collagenous papules of the external ear. Micropapular hyalinosis of the external ear with transepithelial elimination. Relation to primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis].

Sanchez has recently described a new entity characterized by the presence of papules bilaterally located on the aural pinnae. The four presented cases concerned women. Clinical picture of the disease is, without any doubt, unusual but "hyalin" masses are non-specific since they are similar to amyloidosis on account of thioflavine T positivity and microfilamentous aspect in electron microscopy. We reported at the Meeting of the French Dermatological Society (Toulouse, November 10, 1981) a very similar case under the name of "Hyalinose micro-papuleuse de la conque des oreilles avec élimination trans-épidermique". In the present paper we report this personal case, and we point out some original findings: pigmentary changes, trans-epidermal elimination of the hyalinized findings material and presence of an inflammatory process.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Temporal bone resections for carcinoma of the middle ear and the external ear canal.

Petrosectomy has been used in the management of carcinoma of the external ear canal and the middle ear for the last 45 years. In recent years, there have been conflicting reports; some authors advocate a conservative approach, whereas others support an ultraradical approach. Most retrospective studies report patients who have been treated with radiotherapy or surgery as having undergone the primary modality depending on where the patient first presented. No selection criteria seem to have been employed. Although radiotherapy was used postoperatively, the problems of wound healing were not addressed. This study presents our experience with temporal bone resection as described by Lewis and shows that, in combination with patient selection and proper choice of incision, reconstruction and timely postoperative radiotherapy can achieve better results, and the patient's quality of life can be preserved.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aging and external ear resonance.

External ear resonance was measured in elderly people using a probe-tube microphone system. Resonance frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth as well as ear canal volume were compared across age groups and genders. No significant age group trends were observed in external ear resonant frequency. Also, the amplitude and bandwidth of the resonance peaks across ages were not significantly different. For the gender effect, the mean external ear resonant frequencies are generally higher for females than for males in all age groups, but the differences are not statistically significant. The mean amplitudes of the resonant frequency are larger for men than for women. But the difference is also small. For the ear canal volume, no significant age trend was found. However, the mean ear canal volume was significantly larger for males than for females.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1990

Complications of surgery of the external ear.

The external ear has intrinsic anatomical vulnerabilities that invite surgical complications. Among these are the exposed position of the auricle, the thinness of the skin, and subcutaneous cover; the delicate convoluted shape; and the avascularity of the underlying auricular cartilage. Certain complications of surgery such as infection, bleeding, and hypertrophic scars are shared in common with operative procedures elsewhere on the body. Other complications are specific to otoplasty, to ear reconstruction, and to other individual ear procedures. This article outlines the means of recognition, treatment, and prevention of complications in surgery of the external ear.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Management of external ear trauma.

External ear trauma has been an area of continuing interest for otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, rural-practicing general surgeons, and emergency physicians. Strict adherence to the general principles of both medical and surgical management of these injuries must be maintained to achieve optimal results. This presentation will discuss current concepts in the management of blunt, thermal, and sharp auricular injuries, and will present a logical outline in attempting to obtain optimal cosmetic and functional results.

Burns↗
PubMed2004

Congenital malformations of the middle ear with an intact external ear: a review of 38 cases.

In patients with middle ear malformations, one can expect an improvement in hearing following ear surgery. Thus, it is crucial for the ear surgeon to have an increased awareness of this disease. For a better understanding of this condition, 38 patients who underwent ear surgery were studied. All patients had congenital ossicular malformations but with an intact external ear. On the basis of our intra-operative observations, 15 cases were assigned to group A (single malformation) and 23 cases to group B (multiple malformations). The pre-operative air-conduction threshold in group B patients was higher than that in group A. Pre-operatively in group A 2 out of 20 ears had mild, 17 had moderate and 1 had severe hearing loss (HL). In group B, out of 25 ears, 3 had mild, 13 had moderate and 9 had severe HL. Post-operatively in group A, 2 had normal hearing, 16 had mild, 2 had moderate and none had severe HL. In group B, postoperatively 1 had normal hearing, 18 had mild, 4 moderate and 2 severe HL. Therefore, in patients with multiple middle ear malformations, the surgeon should know that the prospect of an improvement in the hearing threshold is rather low even after surgical reconstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Theoretical and applied external ear acoustics.

The external ear (pinna and earcanal) plays a major role in transforming acoustic signals from free field to the tympanic membrane in humans. It acts as a filter to reduce low frequencies, a resonator to enhance mid frequencies (2.0 to 7.0 kHz), and a direction-dependent filter at high frequencies to augment spatial perception. The external ear transfer function is altered by variations in the physical dimension of the external ear either due to individual differences or due to mechanical obstructions such as blockages, hearing aid placement, perforation of the tympanic membrane, and use of insert earphone. It is significant that any change in the characteristics of the acoustic signal can produce considerable disparity in within- and between-individual responses. The present paper examines published studies on sound pressure transfer function provided by the external ear in humans.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental middle ear cholesteatoma originated from free skin graft of the external ear].

The pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma has been thought to be invasion of squamous epithelium originated from the external ear skin including the tympanic membrane. There is no evidence, however, that the external ear skin has more potential to form cholesteatoma than that of other sites. In this report experimental middle ear cholesteatoma of guinea pigs originated from the external ear skin was histologically compared with that originated from the auricular skin. Cholesteatoma as dermal cyst was seen in the middle ear of almost all animals (25/28 = 89.3%), using a free skin graft (3 x 3 mm), regardless of the skin taken from superior (group A) or inferior (group B) part of the external ear, or the auricle (group C) eight weeks after skin implantation. The activity of epithelium such as keratinization was evident in group C. There is, however, no obvious difference in surrounding granulation tissues among group A, B, and C. In a half of this series, cyst wall was broken and its contents (debris) mainly consisted of keratin were put on surrounding granulation tissues three weeks after skin implantation. Striking keratinized epithelium and subepithelial inflammations in relation to the amount of debris were observed at the eighth week. These findings suggest that the external ear skin does not have specific potential to form cholesteatoma and keratin plays some roles in growth of cholesteatoma.

Animals↗