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Predicting needs for special education resources for mental retardation from birth defects records.

Planning of service delivery systems for children with special health care needs would be enhanced by knowledge of numbers of cases anticipated in defined geographic areas. A method is described for predicting numbers of children who will likely have mental retardation sufficient to require special education services, based on the birth prevalence of birth defects and clinicians' estimates of the likelihood of mental retardation associated with each specific birth defect. This method is applied to the 1980-82 birth cohort of a 28-county area of south and central Arkansas, and it is compared with special education enrollment data for children ages 6 to 8 in academic year 1988-89. According to this estimate, children with birth defects may account for 32 to 56 percent of the cases of mental retardation among 6- to 8-year-olds reported by the public schools.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1985

Prognosis for low-birthweight infants up to the age of 14: a population study.

A birth cohort of 12,058 infants was followed up to 14 years of age. Cerebral palsy, epilepsy, severe hearing defects, mental retardation and educational subnormality all had a higher incidence among the 411 children with a low birthweight (less than 2500 g). 6 per cent of the total cohort had educational problems with or without some other neurological handicap, and there was a higher prevalence among low-birthweight infants. 1.5 per cent had a handicap but normal school performance. Children with birthweight 1500 to 2499 g had a significantly higher percentage of handicaps than those of heavier birthweight. All the neurological handicaps were more common among boys than girls, but only in mental subnormality was there a marked difference. Height at 14 years was significantly less among low-birthweight children.

Aging↗