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Results for “EM positive marker”

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PubMed2025

Identification of molecular markers and exploration of the oncogenic role of exomeres in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) serve as functional mediators delivering their cargoes to specific destinations. Exomeres (EMs) represent a newly discovered subset of nanoparticles, with limited understanding of their biophysical characteristics and functionalities. Here, we isolated and studied EMs from different normal and cancer cell lines. Proteomic analysis reveals distinctive features of EMs compared to small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and identifies galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (GALNS) and mannosidase alpha class 2B member 1 (MAN2B1) to be expressed in EMs, indicating their potential as specific EM molecular markers. Subsequent investigations into tumor-derived EMs demonstrate their oncogenic properties to support cancer growth and metastasis. Furthermore, analysis of murine hepatocellular carcinoma-derived EM reveals their ability to induce cell cycle progression and metabolic alterations. Collectively, our data highlight the distinct nature of EMs as a nanoparticle subpopulation different from sEVs, with cancer-derived EMs significantly contributing to tumor growth and dissemination.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1978

Ultrastructural labeling of lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin: the preparation and use of soluble immune complexes as indirect immunoelectromicroscopic markers.

2 distinct macronuclear markers, ferritin and hemocyanin, may be used in a mixed anti-globulin labeling reaction to localize lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin (Ig) determinants by transmission electron microscopy. Soluble immune complexes of the marker molecules (antigen) are prepared by complexing with specific antiserum in 40 to 50 x antigen excess; uncomplexed Ig is removed by ultrascentrifugation and/or gel filtration chromatography. Immunoelectrophoresis, spectrophotometry and passive hemagglutination inhibition assay are used to determine the purity and amounts of antibody-antigen in the purified immune complexes. For immunoelectron microscopic labeling, the immune complex markers are coupled to lymphocyte surface Ig by an indirect anti-Ig or anti-allotype antibody linkage. Labelled Ig determinants at 0 degrees C or in the presence of sodium azide are visualized as small patches of marker molecules on the lymphocyte surface membrane. This EM labeling method results in much more consistent and generally higher percentages of surface Ig positive cells (60 to 70% of rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes) than the percentages obtained using other methods, such as immunofluorescence or autoradiography. If the lymphocytes are warmed to 37 degrees C in the absence of azide the labeled surface Ig determinants undergo rapid endocytosis; endocytotic vesicles containing marker molecules are visible. This mixed anti-globulin immunoelectronmicroscopic labeling system may be used to localize a wide variety of antigens on different cell surfaces.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Electrophoretic mobility of lymphocyte populations in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and 27 age-matched healthy controls have been studied, using several lymphocyte markers: electrophoretic mobility (EM), E-rosettes, immunofluorescence, and refringency. Eight patients (mean age, 6 years) were selected with a typical EM pattern--that is, a decrease in the mean EM of T cells and increase in B versus T-cell ratio. The other group of patients (mean age, 11 years) showed no significant difference when compared with their age-matched controls, with the exception of the positive refringence test. These findings suggest an impairment in the maturation of the immune system in childhood, which in turn may be responsible for the increased susceptibility to disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

A translocation X;Y system for detecting meiotic nondisjunction and chromosome breakage in males of Drosophila melanogaster.

A nondisjunction and chromosome breakage screening system devised by Craymer and modified in our laboratory, involves an X;Y translocation with the short arm of the Y (Ys), marked with the wild type allele of yellow, attached to the distal end of an X (break point 11D) carrying the recessive marker y; and the long arm of the Y chromosome (YL), marked with the dominant locus Bar of Stone (BS), attached to the proximal end of the X. A female tester strain carrying normal chromosomes homozygous for the yellow allele is employed in the mating scheme. Following normal disjunction in the male, all zygotes, which in this case receive aneuploid paternal sex-chromosomes and a normal euploid maternal complement, will die as a result of genetic imbalance. Thus all survivors from this corss can be classified as exceptions arising from: (1) nondisjunction in the female; (2) gross deletion of the paternal X;Y chromosome; (3) complete loss of the paternal X;Y chromosome; or (4) primary meiotic nondisjunction in the male. Results indicate the sensitivity of this scheme for the detection of events induced by x-rays and various chemicals. Positive results have been obtained with the known mutagens EMS and x-radiation.

Animals↗