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9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

4-methylthiobenzoic acid protection against cisplatin nephrotoxicity: antioxidant system.

This study investigates the changes in renal antioxidant system after cisplatin administration and the nephroprotection with 4-methylthiobenzoic acid (MTBA). Male Wistar rats were injected with (1) vehicle control, (2) cisplatin, (3) MTBA, and (4) cisplatin plus MTBA. Rats were euthenized 3 days post-treatment and kidney was isolated and analyzed for platinum concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH and GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Plasma creatinine increased 508% following cisplatin administration alone, which decreased to 189% with MTBA. Cisplatin-treated rats showed a depletion of renal GSH levels (53%), while cisplatin plus MTBA-injected rats had GSH values close to those of the controls. SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities decreased 36, 29, and 38%, respectively, and MDA levels increased 212% following cisplatin administration, which were restored to control levels after MTBA treatment. The renal platinum level depleted significantly with MTBA treatment. The data suggest that cisplatin nephrotoxicity is mediated by depletion in GSH concentration and by impaired activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, increased lipid peroxidation, and plasma creatinine levels. The protection offered by MTBA against cisplatin nephrotoxicity is related to the reduction in plasma creatinine levels, prevention of GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation, and restoring antioxidant enzyme activity in the kidneys of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A novel flexible, retrievable endovascular stent system for small-vessel anatomy: preliminary in vivo data.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study assessed the in vivo delivery, retrievability, short-term patency, and cellular response to a new flexible endovascular stent system in a rabbit model. The stent is designed for delivery through a microcatheter and is fully retrievable with electrolytic detachment from a delivery wire. METHODS: We successfully deployed nine stents (range of sizes, 2.5-4 mm diameter, 15-35 mm length) in six straight (carotid) and three angled (subclavian) arteries of six Chinchilla Bastard rabbits. Serial imaging was performed by using intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA), contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CEMRA), time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF), and CT-angiography 3 days and 4 weeks after stent deployment. Subjects were euthenized after 4 weeks (n = 5), and stents were removed for histologic analysis. RESULTS: Stent deployment was feasible in all cases. After initial deployment, all stents could be fully retrieved within the microcatheter. The detachment zone and the distal stent marker were easily visible under fluoroscopy, and final detachment occurred reliably in all cases. We observed no procedural complications. Noninvasive imaging by using IVDSA, MR angiography, and CT angiography was feasible in this stent system and demonstrated all arteries patent and not narrowed at 3 days and 4 weeks, findings that were confirmed by histologic analysis. CONCLUSION: This electrolytically detachable stent is promising as a treatment for intracranial arteries, because it can be delivered through microcatheters small enough for intracranial navigation. It is fully retrievable, thus providing greater control than currently available stents. Noninvasive imaging by using IVDSA, MR angiography, and CT angiography is feasible in this stent system and may be useful for follow-up. Further long-term data are needed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Imaging of intraneural edema by using gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging: experimental compression injury.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Compressive and entrapment neuropathies are diseases frequently observed on routine clinical examination. A definitive diagnosis based on clinical symptoms and neurologic findings alone is difficult in many cases, however, and electrophysiologic measurement is used as a supplementary diagnostic method. In this study, we examined to use protein tracers (Evans blue albumin or horseradish peroxidase) and gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging to determine the changes of blood-nerve barrier permeability in compressive neuropathies. METHODS: In dogs, the median nerve was compressed for 1 hour by using five kinds of clips with various strengths (7.5-90-g force). After clip removal, the combined tracers of Evans blue albumin and gadolinium or horseradish peroxidase was administered intravenously as a tracer. After the animals were euthenized, we compared gadolinium-enhanced MR images with Evans blue albumin distribution in the nerve under fluorescence microscopy. The horseradish peroxidase-injected specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: On enhanced MR imaging, intraneural enhancement was caused by 60- and 90-g-force compression after 1 hour. Marked extravasation of protein tracers in the nerve occurred where there was compression by 60- and 90-g-force compression, and capillaries in the nerve showed the opening of tight junction and an increase of vesicular transport under the electron microscopy. This situation indicated breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier, with consequent edema formation and was seen as enhancement on MR imaging. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging can detect morphologic and functional changes of blood-nerve barrier in the nerve induced by mechanical compression.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Morphological changes in cerebellum of neonatal rats exposed to 2.45 GHz microwaves.

One-day and six-day old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in the far field to 2.45 GHz (cw) microwaves at 10 mW/cm2 for five consecutive days, 7 hours per day (SAR 2W/kg). Pups were euthenized one day after exposure and the cerebella processed for light and electron microscopy. Matching cerebellar sections and folia from irradiated and sham irradiated animals were examined. Light microscopic examination revealed the presence of small deeply-stained cells with hyperchromatic pyknotic nuclei within the external granular layer (EGL). The number of these pyknotic cells in the experimental animals was nearly twice that in the controls. The Nissl bodies in Purkinje cells were finely dispersed. In some experimental animals mononuclear cellular infiltration was demonstrated. Under the electron microscope the deeply-stained pyknotic small cells presented electron dense nuclei with clumped chromatin, extrusion or disintegration of the nucleus, ruptured nuclear membrane, and the vacuolization of the cytoplasm. Eventually these cells became phagocytosed by surrounding EGL cells. Most of the Purkinje cells of experimental animals showed small, disorderly arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) instead of the typical orderly stacks of parallel arrays. These observations suggest that microwave radiation may interfere with early genesis of cerebellar microneurons and alter the metabolic status of Purkinje cells. However, this effect might be reversible.

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