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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Significance of expedition studies in epidemiology of tuberculosis in Iakutia (to 70 anniversary of the first expedition)].

The paper gives the data of expedition studies made since 1925 by the USSR Academy of Sciences, the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the USSR and RSFSR Peoples' Commissariat of Health, to examine to the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Yakutia, whose significance is very great in combatting tuberculosis and setting up the antituberculosis service in the republic. Over 70 years since the first complex expedition made by the USSR Academy of Sciences there has a more than 55-fold reduction in the spread of tuberculosis in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1994

Guidelines for overseas eye surgery expeditions using short-term volunteers. Surgical Eye Expeditions international.

Many developing countries face the overwhelming problem of addressing preventable and curable blindness. United States-based ophthalmologists can make important contributions in this regard by volunteering to teach and deliver eye care overseas. However, there are a number of potential risks and difficulties. Surgical Eye Expeditions (SEE) International has developed a logistical outline and planning checklist designed to minimize or avoid such problems. Critical components include a firm timetable, advanced planning, advance contact with a local ophthalmologist or organization, and a thorough understanding of the importance of adapting to the needs of other cultures. With a little planning, the average philanthropic ophthalmologist can make major contributions to individuals and communities in developing nations.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2004

Food for high-altitude expeditions: Pugh got it right in 1954--a commentary on the report by L.G.C.E. Pugh: "Himalayan rations with special reference to the 1953 expedition to Mount Everest".

An examination of the nutritional recommendations at altitude by L.G.C.E. Pugh made in the early 1950s reveals that his approaches to feeding and hydration at altitude are still ascribed to today, 50 years later. We can forgive his one perhaps overstatement concerning the "craving" for carbohydrates at altitude if we simply acknowledge that he was generally correct about the benefits of carbohydrates for work at altitude. Pugh's emphasis on adequate energy intake and fluid intake at altitude is as sound today as it was in 1954.

Acclimatization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Life and death on the Amazon: illness and injury to travelers on a South American expedition.

BACKGROUND: Commercial expeditions provide an opportunity for travelers to undertake various specialized travel to more adventurous destinations in the relative security of an expeditionary group. Little is known about the illnesses and injuries occurring on such expeditions. METHODS: From the commencement of the Blake Expedition in 2001, the expedition physician recorded all illnesses and injuries reported among the crew and also among the indigenous people encountered, while undertaking the expedition. The duration of the expedition was two and a half months, and involved travel by yacht, riverboat and jungle canoe or "bongo". The crew numbered 26 personnel: 24 men, including the expedition physician, and two women. RESULTS: Seventy-eight health problems were reported and recorded among 19 (73.1%) members of the expeditionary team. There was one death, but there were no other major incidents requiring emergency evacuation or hospitalization. Types of illness were largely those related to ear, nose and throat disease (15/78, 19%), injuries (12/87, 15%), bites and stings (12/87, 15%), and respiratory (10/78, 13%), dermatologic (9/78, 12%) and gastroenterologic conditions (7/78, 9%). A further 24 health problems were reported and recorded among 22 indigenous people who approached the expedition physician for treatment. Types of illness were largely related to dermatologic conditions (9/24, 38%), accidents and injuries (4/24, 17%), and malaria (4/24, 17%). CONCLUSIONS: This expedition was both noteworthy and newsworthy because of the death of the team leader, Sir Peter Blake, although the health problems encountered were largely similar to those reported for other expeditions. Tropical disease was uncommon. Adequate pre-trip preparation of expedition teams is considered important, and the inclusion of an expedition physician decreased the reliance on local health services, which are often scarce or absent on more remote-location expeditions. Adequate psychological preparation of expedition teams should also be included, to prepare expedition teams for unexpected outcomes, such as death or severe injury.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of the insect biting nuisance on a British youth expedition to Alaska.

BACKGROUND: The morbidity and nuisance factor associated with bites from mosquitoes and other insects are one of the many hazards faced by travelers, including those to the Arctic. A predeparture literature review suggested that insect bites were such a large problem in the area to be visited that they would probably have a significant impact on expedition activities. Therefore, we set out to assess the extent of the insect biting nuisance, focussing particularly on interference with expedition activities, in order to make recommendations for future expeditions to this area. The number of bites and their effects was examined on a 6-week British youth expedition to Alaska in July/August 1999. METHODS: A weekly "Insect Biting Nuisance Questionnaire" was distributed to each expedition member (total 72) to record the number of bites received over the previous week, a subjective grading of severity and itchiness, the extent of interference with expedition activities, any complications from the bites, and details about prevention and treatment. RESULTS: The questionnaire response rate was 64%, which was a representative sample. The median number of bites per person over the entire 6-week period was 33, with females and younger expeditioners tending to receive more bites. Multivariate analysis suggested that younger age was associated with more severe and itchier bites. Sleep was disturbed by itching on only 4% (68/1918) of nights. Generally, the bites were thought not to interfere with expedition activities (median score for interference 0; range 0-10). CONCLUSION: The number of bites and their impact on expedition activities were both lower than expected. Thus, it is recommended that expeditions and independent travelers to this area do not need to increase time spent in the field to compensate for expedition man days lost due to problems associated with the insect biting nuisance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Implementation of expedited human immunodeficiency virus testing of women delivering infants in a large New York city hospital.

OBJECTIVE: Since August 1999, New York has required expedited human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing of pregnant women in labor or their newborns, with results available within 48 hours if no intrapregnancy test result was available. We documented the frequency and circumstances of expedited HIV testing, the time required for a result to be available, and hospital factors associated with different intervals. METHODS: We conducted chart reviews for women listed in the expedited HIV testing logbook between October 1, 2000 and December 31, 2000, abstracting prenatal care history and the dates and times of hospital admission, blood specimen collection, expedited HIV testing result availability, and the infant's birth. RESULTS: Of 1115 women admitted for labor and delivery during this period, 13.6% were tested under the expedited HIV testing procedure, and none were found to be HIV positive. Twenty-seven percent of women having expedited HIV testing had documentation of testing during prenatal care that was unavailable or overlooked during admission. Expedited HIV testing results were available at 48 hours or less time for 96% of the women, although results for women admitted Friday to Sunday took longer than weekday results (mean +/- standard deviation, 30.4 +/- 11.7 hours versus 21.3 +/- 9.3 hours, P <.001). Expedited HIV testing results were available before delivery for 3.3% of women and less than 12 hours after birth for 31.7% of infants. CONCLUSION: We found excellent compliance with the 48-hour time limit for expedited HIV testing but report lapses in access to prenatal HIV testing documentation, resulting in frequent duplicative testing. Further, the potential for optimal neonatal prophylaxis within 12 hours of birth was limited, as the turnaround time for HIV results exceeded 12 hours for two thirds of the infants in our sample.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2003

[A polar expedition in challenging circumstances--experiences and psychological reactions].

Four men, in the company of 16 dogs, skied for five weeks from Gåsefjord to Ellef Ringnes Land, North Canada. The expedition met with considerable unforeseen challenges such as extreme and prolonged cold, unmotivated Greenland dogs, and much pack ice. Psychological reactions were described and measured by a qualitative free text analysis and a test battery including GHQ-30 (General Health Questionnaire) and STAI State (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) before, during, and after the expedition. Five main themes were found: external influences, relations between men and animals, progress and expectations, interpersonal relations, and thoughts at the end of the expedition. Negative emotional reactions were mostly present at the beginning of the expedition and were related to the environment and the pressure of perceived expectations from the outside world. Frustrations were enhanced by forced inactivity. Perceived essential positive elements were a strong group identity and friendship. The acceptance of dissension was low; the group strived to achieve consensus before decisions were made. The psychometric results showed more stress and anxiety immediately before the expedition than after. These parameters also increased significantly at the beginning of the expedition, then there was a reverse. The level of anxiety was higher in the two leaders. The expedition was concluded in an overall atmosphere of mutual affection, satisfaction, and pride.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Solid waste management techniques for the waste generated and brought down from campsites in the hill spots, trails and expedition tops.

The increasing self-generated solid waste from the visitors in the hill towns, trails and expedition tops is one of the most adverse forms of human impacts in mountain environments. The direct managing authorities, such as municipalities in the hill spots, have no proper places to dispose of municipal waste nor the other infrastructure required nor adequate funds. The trekking and expedition areas are entirely dependent on the moral responsibilities of the local people, as well as visitors, because these locations are in remote areas, outside municipal boundaries. Based on five major case studies representing the Himalayas, the status of solid waste generation, its physical composition and management options in tourist [Kullu: 1,219 metres above average sea level (m), Rewalsar: 1,300 m, Manali: 2,050 m], trekking (in and around the Valley of Flowers: 1,830-4,330 m) and expedition areas (Pindari valley: 2,300-5,500 m) were studied. The inflow of visitors ranged from 150,000 to 1,140,251 in the hill spots, and from 25,000 to 116,392 in the expedition and trekking areas, respectively. The capita = t day 1 waste generation varied from 200-300 g in hill spots and from 200-288 g in expedition and trekking areas, respectively. Biodegradable waste varied from 65.2 to 83.1% of the total waste generated and was of greater quantity than non-biodegradable waste in expedition areas. Non-biodegradable waste was the predominant form in the expedition (66.4%) and trekking areas (84.5%). The ultimate aim of the study is to make the concerned local people, visitors and government aware of the need to harness energy from waste. This can be done in various ways including biocomposting, and the reuse and recycling of waste otherwise considered valueless and useless.

Altitude↗