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Results for “Early screening”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1989

[Early screening of gestational diabetes in high risk pregnancy cases].

Oral glucose tolerance testing was performed according to WHO criteria among pregnant women with historical risk factors for gestational diabetes (a previous baby weighing 4000 g or more, a previous unexplained intrauterine death) in Baranya county. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out for the first time between gestational ages of 16-20 weeks, and it was repeated monthly in cases of normal curve. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes were cared, dietary of prophylactic insulin treatment was introduced. 152 patients were involved in the screening program. 26 patients had gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose tolerance test curve was "stretched" in 81 patients. Early screening and management of pregnant women with maternal historical risk factors is emphasised from the view of diminishing complications, especially the frequency of macrosomia.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1978

[Biological method of identifying antibiotic substances at an early screening stage].

A biological method was used in addition to the chemical methods of identification in the screening programme of new antibiotics. The method consists of evaluation of the effect of the crude antibiotic preparations on microbial forms resistant to various antibiotics. The efficiency of the biological method is shown. It provides more complete and rapid characterization of the properties of the new antibiotics and their rough identification at early screening stages.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

Early screening and treatment of "silent" patent ductus arteriosus in prematures with RDS.

From January 1987 to December 1989, prematures with RDS weighing 1750 g or less admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unite (NICU) were submitted from the third postnatal day to serial two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler (ATL MK 600) echocardiographic evaluation for "silent" patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). PDA was diagnosed in 36/175 prematures with RDS (20.5%). Thirty patients had indomethacin treatment and the PDA closed completely in 27 (90%); five needed a second course of indomethacin, that was effective in two (40%). Four RDS patients (4/36-11%) already weaned from the respirator, needed supplemental oxygen. The three non-responders and six other prematures with counterindications to the drug underwent surgical ligation (25%). As historical control, we retrospectively evaluated the population of preterm infants with RDS weighing less than or equal to 1750 g treated for hemodynamically significant PDA during three previous years before the screening protocol; in this group the echocardiographic and Doppler evaluations were done when congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema were clinically evident. In comparison, we found a reduced incidence of prematures with RDS treated for PDA, 7/120 (5.8%) a higher age at medical treatment (9 +/- 1.4 vs 4.4 - 2.3 days) and a larger prevalence of patients underwent ductal ligation (71.4%). These data show that early screening and treatment of "silent" PDA may result advantageous to improve the efficacy (90%) of indomethacin, in a critical time for the recovery of RDS, and furthermore decreasing the need of surgical ligation.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1976

Ultrasound and human-placental-lactogen screening early detection of twin pregnancies.

In the past five years gradual introduction of ultrasonic screening of pregnant women increased the ante-partum detection of multiple pregnancy from 60% in 1971 to 95% in the first half of 1975. At the same time the average gestational age for dection of multiple pregnancies diminished from thirty-three to twenty-five weeks. The corresponding figures for 1963 were 32% and thirty-six weeks. Plasma human-placental-lactogen concentrations were assessed for their value in selecting a smaller target group for subsequent ultrasonic screening. All but 2 of 39 twin pregnancies examined by single H.P.L. determinations had H.P.L. values more than 1 S.D. above the mean of the normal distribution. The use of plasma-H.P.L. screening might lower the proportion of patients requiring ultrasonography for antepartum diagnosis of multiple pregnancies to 16% of the total pregnant population.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1992

Early screening for orthodontic treatment. Differences in assessments made by a consultant orthodontist and three public health dentists.

The aim of the present study was to compare the differences in the assessments of occlusal and functional features, the need for and timing of orthodontic treatment and the complexity of treatment made by a consultant orthodontist and three public health dentists. The data comprised the examinations of 260 children aged 7-8 yr (87% of total age group of the community) attending the first grade of primary school in a medium-sized town in eastern Finland. The examinations were carried out according to agreed criteria. The main indications for treatment were Class II malocclusion, lateral crossbite and crowding. When assessing treatment need, agreement between the orthodontist and the three dentists was fairly good (agreement in 69%, Kappa statistic 0.51), sensitivity for each dentist ranged from 0.86 to 0.97 and specificity from 0.72 to 0.92. The agreement on the timing of treatment was poor (agreement in 49%, Kappa statistic 0.18). In most cases of disagreement, the dentists would begin the treatment earlier than the orthodontist. The agreement on the complexity of treatment was rather poor (agreement in 61%, Kappa statistic 0.22). In most cases of disagreement, the treatment was regarded as more complex by the orthodontist than by the dentists. When dentists work with a consultant orthodontist, it seems justified to have the dentist screen the children at the age of 7-8 yr for early orthodontic treatment, but the orthodontist should assess the timing and complexity of treatment.

Child↗

PubMed1991

Congenital heart disease in Down's syndrome: two year prospective early screening study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of clinical examination, chest radiography, and electrocardiography compared with echocardiography in detecting congenital heart disease early in the life of children with Down's syndrome. DESIGN: Prospective two year screening survey. SETTING: Regional paediatric cardiology service, Northern Ireland. PATIENTS: 81 newborn infants with Down's syndrome born in Northern Ireland between November 1987 and November 1989. INTERVENTIONS: Clinical examination, chest radiography, and electrocardiography soon after birth followed by cross sectional Doppler echocardiography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnostic ability of clinical examination, radiography, and electrocardiography compared with echocardiographic findings. RESULTS: 34 babies had congenital heart disease detected by echocardiography (13 had atrioventricular septal defects, seven secundum atrial septal defects, six a solitary patent ductus arteriosus, five isolated ventricular septal defects, and three combinations of heart defects). Individual examination methods were insensitive (the sensitivity of clinical examination was 0.53, of radiography 0.44, and of electrocardiography 0.41) but highly specific (the specificity of clinical examination was 0.94, of radiography 0.98, and of electrocardiography 1.0), although sensitivity improved when the three techniques were combined (the sensitivity was 0.71, the specificity 0.91). CONCLUSION: Echocardiography performed early in life can detect congenital heart disease that might otherwise be missed. Early detection may help prevent complications such as pulmonary vascular disease that may adversely affect the outcome of cardiac surgery.

Down Syndrome↗

PubMed1978

Pathways upstream: risks and realities of early screening efforts.

The need for basic societal institutions to foster growth-enhancing and ego-strengthening experiences is highlighted. The ascendancy of Asklepios--as representative of the remedial, medical model--over Hygeia--symbolizing the preventive, public health approach--is traced from Hellenic mythology to present reality. The Hygeian merits of current early identification programs are considered, and means for moving them closer to the Hygeian ideal are suggested.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Early screening for anti-plum pox virus monoclonal antibodies with different epitope specificities by means of gold-labelled immunosorbent electron microscopy.

The technique of gold-labelled immunosorbent electron microscopy for the initial screening of monoclonal antibodies 10 days after cell fusion from 96-well culture plates is described. The technique is used to identify clones that secrete antibodies binding on the surface of the virion or to viral subunits, and compared to ELISA and Western blotting. High sensitivity was demonstrated.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1990

The effect of alcohol consumption on recency discrimination ability: an early screening test for alcohol-induced cognitive impairment.

In this short study the relationship between recency discrimination ability and a measure of alcohol intake was examined using a series of regression analyses. Semi-partial correlations were extracted in order to evaluate which variables (level of alcohol consumption, age and IQ) best predicted recency discrimination performance on both verbal and non-verbal tasks. Results showed that while IQ best predicted performance on the verbal task both IQ and alcohol intake were significant predictors on the non-verbal task. The results are discussed in relation to current findings and the continuity hypothesis.

Adult↗

PubMed1975