SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Variants of type A FMD virus from the Eastern Mediterranean region over the years 1964-72 have been shown to belong to a group distinct from the Western European strains as represented by A5 Westerwald. This group appears to derive from the A22 strain first recognized in 1964 and indicates the possibility of new strains supplanting old in the field.
AIM: The aim of this study was to systematically review and evaluate the types and effectiveness of digital health interventions used for diabetes management in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO). METHODS: This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to May 2025 to identify studies on digital interventions for diabetes management in EMRO countries. Methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the EPHPP tool, and findings were categorized by intervention type, outcome measures, and intervention effectiveness. RESULTS: A total of 46 studies were included, mainly from Iran and Saudi Arabia. Phone calls and SMS were the most common digital tools. Digital interventions significantly improved HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, and several behavioral outcomes such as physical activity, medication adherence, and self-efficacy, while effects on psychological outcomes were mixed. CONCLUSION: Digital health interventions, especially phone calls and SMS, effectively improve glycemic control and self-care behaviors, though their impact on psychological outcomes remains inconsistent.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Thynnascaris rhacodes sp. n. infects Pelates quadrilineatus, Solea vulgaris, Boops boops, Lithognathus mormyrus, Obleida melanura, Diplodus vulgaris, D. sargus, and Sparus auratus from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Unique in that the cuticle on the female tail is wrinkled, the ascaridoid is further characterized by possessing 27 to 35 precloacal papillae, a body length of 11 to 85 mm, similar spicules 3 to 6% of body length, a length-ratio of intestinal cecum to ventricular appendage of 1 : 1 to 5, and lips longer than wide.
Analysis at 20 genetic loci by starch gel electrophoresis of a population from Greece shows that contrary to most accepted views, the outdoor Eastern Mediterranean Short-tailed Mouse (i) does not belong to the same species as the House Mouse (Mus musculus), (ii) is not less distant from the Eastern European semi-species of House Mouse (biochemical group 2) than from the Western and Mediterranean European semi-species (group 1), and (iii) is not more closely related to the outdoor Western Mediterranean Short-tailed Mouse Mus spretus (group 3), than to M. musculus. It represents a new biochemical group (group 4) and deserves a species rank (Mus spicilegus).
BACKGROUND: Gonorrhoea and gonococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain global public health concerns, and enhanced quality-assured global surveillance of gonococcal AMR is imperative to inform management guidelines and public health policies. We aimed to describe the results of surveillance of gonococcal AMR conducted globally by WHO and discuss the actions needed to retain our ability to treat gonorrhoea. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we present gonococcal AMR data reported to WHO by 77 countries between Jan 1, 2019, and Dec 31, 2022. Gonococcal isolates were tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations of one to four key antimicrobials (ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin) in each country. We used breakpoints for resistance and decreased susceptibility to antimicrobials from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing or Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute. FINDINGS: 29 (39%) of 75 participating countries reported at least one isolate with resistance or decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone, 28 (50%) of 56 reported resistance or decreased susceptibility to cefixime, 58 (88%) of 66 reported resistance to azithromycin, and 74 (99%) of 75 reported resistance to ciprofloxacin. Globally, azithromycin resistance is increasing, as is resistance or decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone and cefixime, especially in the WHO Western Pacific region. Resistance to ciprofloxacin remained very high globally. Since 2017-18, the numbers of reporting countries, examined isolates, and resistant isolates have increased. However, surveillance levels remain inadequate in central America and the Caribbean, eastern Europe, and the WHO African, Eastern Mediterranean, and South-East Asia regions. INTERPRETATION: Global AMR surveillance conducted by WHO is expanding and, in selected countries, improving through standardisation and quality assurance, as well as implementation of extragenital sampling, test of cure, and whole-genome sequencing. This approach provides evidence-based data for management guidelines and public health policies. Improvements in prevention, early diagnosis, treatment of patients and their contacts, surveillance (of infection rates, AMR, treatment failures, and antimicrobial use), and antimicrobial stewardship are essential. WHO supports this work through several global action plans on AMR, new global gonorrhoea treatment recommendations, surveillance, and research. FUNDING: None.
BACKGROUND: Supervision is a fundamental component of psychotherapy training, transforming theoretical knowledge into clinical skills through real-world practice. Psychotherapy training practices vary widely between countries, training programs, and over time, including supervision. Our systematic review aimed to investigate and describe the experiences of psychotherapy supervision through early-career psychiatrists' (ECPs) views. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubPsych for survey-based studies on ECPs' experiences of psychotherapy supervision during or after their psychiatry training and reported our findings according to the PRISMA guidelines. Of 32,877 articles screened, 29 articles were included. Each article underwent quality assessment, and results were synthesized narratively. RESULTS: Included articles published between 2000 and 2025, were from Europe (N = 16, 55.1%), the Americas (N = 5, 17.2%), Western Pacific (N = 4, 13.7%), South-East Asia (N = 2, 7%), Eastern Mediterranean (N = 1, 3.5%), and Africa (N = 1, 3.5%), with a total of 4691 participants. Supervision access rates ranged from 26.2% in Nigeria to 85.5% in Russia, with significant variation across countries and psychotherapy modalities. Most ECPs received 50-100 total hours of supervision, frequently delivered in weekly sessions. While formats, individual, group, or mixed, varied by country and training scheme, supervision was generally provided by a psychiatrist-psychotherapist. Common learning techniques included oral consultations and case discussions, followed by audio recordings or transcripts. The need to self-fund psychotherapy supervision costs was identified as a prominent barrier. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotherapy supervision is inconsistent globally, with barriers including supervisor availability and cost. There is a large implementation gap between recommendations and evaluated practice. Digital tools and competency-based frameworks may improve access and quality.
Herbarium specimens of all except one of the 168 recognized species of Alyssum Linnaeus have been analysed for their nickel content in order to identify hyperaccumulators (greater than 1000 microgram per g dry mass) of nickel. A further 31 hyperaccumulators (all in section Odontarrhena) were discovered in addition to the 14 European species reported earlier. Pot trials on the non-accumulator A. serpyllifolium Desfontaines and the hyperaccumulator A. pintodasilvae Dudley in ed. involving addition of nickel to the medium in which the plants were growing, showed that not all species of of section Odontarrhena were able to act as hyperaccumulators of nickel. Hyperaccumulation occurred almost exclusively in the eastern Mediterranean area and Turkey. There appeared to be a definite correlation between species diversity, proliferation and endemism on the one hand, and extremely high nickel concentrations (greater than 1%) on the other. The data have been used to assess the evidence for promoting section Odontarrhena to generic rank.
The close association between hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and the infectious agent of hepatitis B is clear. Many investigations have shown HBAg to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies of hepatitis B. The relation between HBAg and the postulated hepatitis B virus (HBV) is as yet not clear. In light of recent results a possible candidate could be the so-called Dane particle, which has HBAg reactivity on the surface, but possesses an antigenically distinct core. The core has been shown to have associated DNA polymerase activity. The particles which carry HBAg reactivity have surfaces which are antigenically complex. One common specificity a and 2 pairs of mutually exclusive determinants have been recognized namely d and y and w and r but further possible specificities are under investigation. Four different phenotypes have been described, adw, adr, ayw and ayr. Present evidence indicates that adw, adr and ayw are the phenotypic expression of 3 different transmissible strains of HBV. Studies on the epidemiology of these subtypes have shown 3 different geographic patterns. In the USA and Northern Europe both Dw (adw) and YW (ayw) are common, but in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Yw is practically the only type found. In the Far East DR (adr) is the dominating subtype. Investigations have been done to determine whether there are any clinical differences in hepatitis caused by the different tubtypes. No certain differences have been shown.
The present picture of Dental Manpower in the world is reviewed. The Dentist/Population ratio in 1972 in each of the WHO regions was as follows: African Region 1:96,391, American Region 1:2892, Eastern Mediterranean Region 1:26,188, European Region 1:2948, South East Asia Region 1:81,606, Western Pacific Region 1:4533. There was wide variation of this ratio between individual countries within each region. The present approach to the dental education of all types of dental personnel in the developing countries is described. The activity of WHO in organizing seminars and conference on the needs of the regions in relation to types of dental personnel and their training is discussed. Attention is drawn to the strong recommendation of WHO to plan the dental health manpower training in close conformity with a country's Oral Health needs. The importance of integration of the training programmes for the various categories of dental personnel is stressed.
Selected human sera from 59 different localities in Africa, the Mediterranean littoral, eastern Europe and Asia were examined by plaque reduction neutralization test against eight sandfly (Phlebotomus) fever virus serotypes (Sicilian, Naples, Arumowot, SudAn 754-61, Karimabad, Salehabad, Gordil and Saint Floris) known to occur in the Old World. Results of these studies provide new information on the geographic distribution and prevalence of human infection with each of the viruses. Specific neutralizing antibodies were detected against all of the agents except Salehabad. Naples and Sicilian antibodies were encountered most frequently and had the widest geographic range; moreover they were found only in areas where Phlebotomus papatasi occurs. Age-specific antibody rates for several of the viruses are presented. These data and the epidemiology of sandfly fever are discussed.
Viticulture became central to most Mediterranean civilizations a few millennia after the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) was domesticated in the South Caucasus/Near East. To elucidate the origins of the grapevines that enabled this westward spread over the past 3,000 years, we analyzed 28 grapevine seeds from seven archaeological sites in the Iberian Peninsula and Sardinia. Ancient DNA recovered from the oldest seeds with domesticated-like morphology (from ∼1,000 BCE), found in southwestern Spain, revealed nuclear and chloroplast genome signatures of Eastern Mediterranean cultivars. Seeds from the same and later Iron Age Iberian sites, however, showed genomic signatures suggesting hybridization between local wild grapevines and eastern-origin cultivars. The genetic makeup of Sardinian and northeastern Spanish seeds supports that local diversification giving rise to the Central European and Iberian wine genetic lineages had already occurred in the early Iron Age. In Iberia, Roman-period seeds were first-degree related to both the earliest eastern-introduced domesticates and a Medieval seed whose genetic makeup matches the extant Iberian variety "Pasa Valenciana." Another Medieval seed was inferred as an offspring of the extant "Heben," indicating that this major founder of Iberian germplasm has been continuously propagated for over 1,100 years. Our results confirm previous evolutionary models indicating that Western Mediterranean viticulture began with introductions of eastern domesticated grapevines, followed by early hybridization with local Iberian wild grapevines that may have facilitated viticulture adaptation to the new environment. The aDNA unveils that these introductions gave rise to extant cultivars through only a few sexual generations and long-term reliance on clonal propagation.
Two cases of neurocysticercosis which occurred in migrant women are reported. This disease, produced from the larval form of the pig tapeworm, Taenia solium, is not endemic in Australia. It is prevalent in Latin America, India, parts of Africa and eastern Europe and some Mediterranean areas. Where the possibility of exposure to this parasite exists, neurocysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of late-onset epilepsy, hydrocephalus, focal fits, progressive dementia, and in spinal cord tumours.
About one hundred cases of alpha-chain disease have been reported to date from various Mediterranean and Middle-Eastern countries. We report eleven Iranian patients with primary lymphoma of the duodenum and upper small intestine and positive alpha-chain protein in their sera. The clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in these patients are discussed. The initial favourable response of some of these patients to antibiotic treatment is noted. It is concluded that the optimal treatment of alpha-chain disease is not yet well established, and the clinical improvement might not coincide with histological and immunological remission.
The distribution of 24 HLA antigens of the A and B loci was investigated in 197 Israeli Jewish patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from various Jewish ethnic origins including central and eastern Europe, countries bordering the Mediterranean, the Middle East and from native-born Israelis. The results were compared with the HLA antigen frequencies in a control sample of 455 unrelated individuals representing the general Jewish population. The frequency of HLA-Bw40 among all MS patients (15%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than among the controls (7%). In contrast to the findings in MS patients from other populations, there was no increased frequency of A3 and B7 and Dw2 was present in only one out of 28 patients. The study showed a similar distribution of HLA-A and -B locus antigens, especially of Bw40, in Jews of diverse ethnic origins represented in the control group.
The authors report on 9 cases of mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) collected in the south-eastern part of France in 1978. They emphasize the more frequent occurrence of this disease in adults than children. Out of the 40 cases detected in this region between January 1975 and December 1978, 22 affected adults (55 percent) moreover, Kala-Azar appears to occur particularly in adults with decreased general resistance and diagnosis may be difficult because classical clinical features are no complete.