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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Children's mental health in times of economic recession: replication and extension of the family economic stress model in Finland.

This study evaluated the applicability of the family economic stress model (FESM) in understanding the influences of economic hardship on child mental health during a nationwide economic recession in Finland. The information was gathered from 527 triads of 12-year-olds and their mothers and fathers from a population sample. The structural equation models showed that the FESM fit the data well, indicating its generalizability in Finnish society. The results confirmed that a reduction in disposable family income constitutes a risk for child mental health through increased economic pressure and negative changes in parental mental health, marital interaction, and parenting quality. Controlling the children's prerecession mental health substantiated that economic hardship can lead to deterioration in children's mental health. Alternative models based on fully recursive analyses revealed reciprocal influences between parents and their children over time: Children's prerecession mental health problems predicted compromised parenting, which in turn contributed to children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms during the recession.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Quality of sleep during economic recession in Finland: a longitudinal cohort study.

To assess the association between the economic recession of the 1990s in Finland and sleep behaviour, a longitudinal study was conducted in an adult Finnish population cohort. Baseline data were obtained by means of reports on sleep behaviour, health-related behaviour, health status, and objective laboratory tests in 1983-1987. The second screening conducted in 1992-1995, i.e. during economic recession, repeated data collection by postal questionnaires. The prevalences of various sleep symptoms including insomnia, daytime tiredness, fatigue, parasomnias and the use of hypnotics remained similar in the same age cohorts during economic recession. Alcohol consumption and snoring increased among the middle-aged (30-49 years), though snoring shows the greatest individual stability among various sleep symptoms. Despite some baseline differences in the sleep/health behaviour frequencies, the changes were independent of gender and socioeconomic class. The prevalences over eight years of insomnia and snoring show fair chronicity, whereas daytime tiredness and fatigue seem to be less chronic. Middle-aged participants who were stably employed at the initial screening but became unemployed during economic recession were studied separately. Prospectively unemployed persons suffered more from insomnia and used more hypnotics than the continuously employed. We conclude that the sleep quality of the general Finnish population has not drastically deteriorated during severe economic recession except among unemployed blue-collar workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Does dental service utilization drop during economic recession? The example of Finland, 1991-94.

UNLABELLED: After enjoying rapid economic growth in the 1980s, Finland suffered a deep economic recession that began in 1990. It has been claimed that recession and uneven subsidies influence the use of dental services negatively. Finnish adults born after 1956 and world war veterans are entitled to subsidized dental care either in the Public Dental Service (PDS) or in the private sector. Other adults pay their treatment costs. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the economic recession in Finland during the early 1990s affected the use of dental services. METHODS: The data were collected by the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health using a method called CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview). The target population was non-institutionalized persons aged 25-79 years. RESULTS: About one-third of those interviewed had visited a dentist during the previous 6 months and this proportion was stable during the years studied. Number of teeth, length of education, income and sex had the highest predictive values for use of dental services as analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Two-thirds had visited a private practitioner, one-third a PDS clinic and a small percentage some other dentist or denturist. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the dental service utilization by Finns was stable during this period of economic downturn and only minor changes occurred in the mean number of visits. The most prominent change was seen in the youngest age group, among whom dental utilization decreased by almost 10%. The study indicated that subsidies do not strongly affect dental utilization today.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Attempted suicide rates and trends during a period of severe economic recession in Helsinki, 1989-1997.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated attempted suicide trends during a deep economic recession in the 1990s in a well-defined urban catchment area. METHODS: The data covered every suicide attempt treated in health care during sample periods in 1989-1997 in Helsinki, Finland. Annual rates were estimated, 3-year moving averages for trends calculated, and significances tested. RESULTS: The overall attempted suicide rate remained stable over the 9-year study period. Against expectations, male rates decreased significantly (P < 0.01), especially among those aged 15-34. There was a convergence of female and male rates, although male rates remained higher. The proportion of poisonings as method increased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the deep economic recession, with rapidly rising unemployment attempted suicide rates remained unexpectedly stable. The total attempted suicide rate did not increase as might have been anticipated, and the male rate even decreased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Economic recession and international labour migration in the Arab Gulf.

"The article examines the broad effects of economic recession on immigrant labour flows into the Arab Gulf states. Attention is focussed on Kuwait which has experienced a significant reduction in new expatriate labour inflows since 1983. At the same time, however, the increasing rate of work permit renewals and of job transfers within the labour market suggest a growing stability of the expatriate workforce. As a result it is concluded that the economic recession may not result in a significant draw-down on expatriate labour stocks."

Asia↗
PubMed2003

How did Finland's economic recession in the early 1990s affect socio-economic equity in the use of hospital care?

The study evaluates the changes in socio-economic equity in the use of general hospital care in Finland from the late 1980s to the mid 1990s. In the early 1990s the Finnish economy plunged into a deep recession which slashed over 10% of GDP and resulted in a 12% decrease in national health expenditure. At the same time, the administration and financing of specialised health services were reformed. The impact on general hospital care was controversial: budgets were reduced but better productivity increased the supply of many services. According to the study, data, based on individual linkage of nationwide hospital registers to disposable family income data in population censuses, overall acute general hospital admission rates among Finns aged 25-74 increased by over 10% from 1988 to 1996. For some surgical procedures, such as cataract, coronary revascularisation and some orthopaedic operations, rates more than doubled. In both years, lower-income groups generally used hospital care more than the better-off. However, there was a slight shift towards a pro-rich distribution, mainly due to a larger increase in surgical care among the high-income groups. In 1988 the lowest income quintile used 8% and in 1996 15% fewer operations than the highest. For individual procedures and surgical diagnostic categories, the general trends of increasing disparities were similar. Despite cuts in expenditures in the early 1990s, the Finnish general hospital system based on public funding and provision managed to increase the supply of services. However, this increase coincided with widening socio-economic discrepancies in the use of surgical services. The paper proposes that these increasing inequities were due to certain features of the Finnish health care system which create social discrepancies in access to hospital care. These include the high profile of the private sector in specialised ambulatory care and in the supply of some elective procedures, and semi-private public hospital services requiring supplementary payments from patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Transitions of employment status among suicide attempters during a severe economic recession.

Previous studies have shown a positive association between unemployment and attempted suicide. This study investigated transitions of employment status among suicide attempters during the severe economic recession. The main research question was whether inequality in the labour market also prevails among as selected a population as suicide attempters. The material consisted of 2495 persons who attempted suicide during 1989-1994 in Helsinki, Finland. Logistic regression analysis and survival analysis were used. Unemployment rates among suicide attempters were higher than in the general population, male rates being higher than female rates throughout the recession. There were significant changes in the employment status of the entire attempted suicide population from 1989 to 1994, especially in terms of the transition from employment to unemployment. Gender, age and education level predicted exit from the labour market. Among suicide attempters young middle-aged men with low education had the highest risk of unemployment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Unemployment, sociodemographic background and consumption of alcohol before and during the economic recession of the 1990s in Finland.

BACKGROUND: Some studies suggest that people's alcohol consumption increases during unemployment whereas others suggest the opposite. All studies, however, deal with situations marked by relatively low national unemployment rates. We studied alcohol use among individuals in relation to unemployment, education, marital status and sex during times of both low and high unemployment in Finland. METHODS: A group of 44391 respondents, aged 18-64 years, from nationally representative, consecutive annual samples of 5000 people from 1982 to 1995 was utilized. Overall response rate for men was 77% and for women 80%. RESULTS: Univariate analyses indicated that unemployment was associated with the amount of reported alcohol use. However, when logistic regression was used to analyse interactions between alcohol consumption, unemployment, education and marital status, the picture changed. During a low unemployment period (e.g. 1982-1990), being unemployed was not associated with the upper consumption level of alcohol use (defined as > or = 8 drinks/week for men, > or = 5 for women); nor was it during a high unemployment period (1991-1995), except among single people. During a high unemployment period poorly educated, single, unemployed men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.1-2.4), showed a significantly higher risk of upper level of alcohol consumption than otherwise similar but employed men (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6-1.0). The reference group consisted of highly educated, married, employed men who did not exceed the upper drinking limit. Similarly, the risk of upper consumption level drinking was significantly higher among highly educated, unemployed single women (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.388-4.3) than among otherwise similar but employed women (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.386). CONCLUSION: Thus, unemployment was weakly but significantly related to the upper consumption level of alcohol use among single people during the recession but not in the preceding period of economic growth.

Adult↗