Osteopathic graduate medical education.
Osteopathic graduate medical education is still in transition. The AOA Department of Education will continue to monitor and report on the impact of these changes.
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Osteopathic graduate medical education is still in transition. The AOA Department of Education will continue to monitor and report on the impact of these changes.
The principal current problem related to the interface between undergraduate and graduate medical education is the lack of preparation of graduating medical students to assume many of the patient-care responsibilities required in certain graduate programs. There are two sides to the interface, and both require attention if the problem is to be resolved. The educational quality of the generally permissive fourth year of medical school should be examined in terms of the need for medical schools to prepare students for graduate educational programs. An effective broad first year of graduate medical education requires the development of institutional policy by all clinical departmental directors jointly and the delegation of operational responsibility to a small group of professionals.
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Several recent developments affecting graduate medical education (GME) have kindled an interest in curriculum. For the most part, however, GME curriculum is being conceived in terms of behavioral learning objectives. The authors find this approach to curriculum ill-suited for the reality and complexity of housestaff training. Several other approaches are considered but none, they conclude, fits well with the mission of GME. Instead, they propose a more comprehensive experiential conception of curriculum for GME. This approach stems from an experiential learning paradigm and a commitment to curriculum as an expression of valued activities rather than of predetermined objectives. Taking as an example a curriculum for an ambulatory care block rotation, the authors show how an experiential curriculum can be developed and how it can be used to frame the residents' rotation, including patient care and didactic program.
A national random sample of 25 percent of the graduate education program directors in internal medicine, family medicine, surgery, and pediatrics was sent a questionnaire; subjects were asked to judge the importance of 31 variables in the selection of house staff. A rank-ordering of variables for all respondents placed interpersonal skills demonstrated in the interview as number one. When rank order correlations were calculated for all possible pairs of program specializations, strong positive relationships were revealed. A two-way analysis of covariance was also undertaken to assess how selected program characteristics, such as size of program, type of program, and affiliation or nonaffiliation with a medical school, affected the judgment of the importance of the variables. The results have implications for further studies in several areas.
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The direct costs of residency training in the United States are over $1 billion per year. These educational programs have been organized predominantly around hospital services and supported by hospital revenues. Pressure has been increasing to reduce the rate of increase in hospital expenditures or costs or both. This article describes alternative methods for financing graduate medical education. Debate over the current sources of financing reveals several troublesome issues: the presence of residents allegedly decreases the productivity of professionals and leads to overusage of ancillary services, proposed methods to pay for faculty salaries and services have created confusion and concern, and the financing of ambulatory-care training has been insufficient and poorly coordinated. The medical-education community must resolve these professional and educational problems so that financing issues can be debated and properly defended.
An experiment is reported which utilized a professional medical care organization as the base for intern and resident education. The major reason for its failure was the undue rigidity of Title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act and associated regulations. The data assembled suggest that the mechanism is feasible and could potentially obviate (or at least minimize) many of the existing problems associated with the operation and financing of graduate medical education using a hospital as the organizational base.