[Risks and dangers of radiations; electromagnetic radiations and high energy corpuscles].
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Electromagnetic Radiation↗
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[Risks and dangers of radiations; electromagnetic radiations and high energy corpuscles].
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Electromagnetic Radiation↗
Electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are ubiquitous in modern society. It is well known that exposure to strong fields can result in acute effects, such as burns; the mechanisms behind such effects are well established. There is, however, also a concern that long-term exposure to weak fields might have health effects due to an as-yet unknown mechanism. Because of the already widespread exposure, even small health effects could have profound public health implications. Comprehensive research efforts are therefore warranted, and are indeed ongoing. The strongest evidence for health risks is from exposure to fields generated in connection with use of electric power. As for fields used by telecommunications technology, there is still considerably fewer data available and for the time being there is only very weak support for the existence of health effects. However, extensive research activities are ongoing and much more data will be available in the near future. This situation of scientific uncertainty and considerable public concern creates dilemmas for decision makers.
Electromagnetic Fields↗
Correlation functions for homogeneous, isotropic random classical electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic fields of a fluctuating classical electric dipole.
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Journal Article↗
[The mechanism of the action of electromagnetic radiation in the nano- and millimeter ranges].
It is suggested that there exists not only resonance but also interference interaction between laser radiation, millimetric electromagnetic radiation and dissipative systems. A noticeable role here is played by opiate receptors and their ligands determining cytoprotective, stress-limiting, immunomodulating and other effects of EHF therapy.
Animals↗
[Ultrastructure of cells of the lateral field of the hypothalamus of the cat after exposure to electromagnetic radiation].
Under the effect of electromagnetic radiation not any specific changes are revealed in the neural system unequivocally characterizing disturbances in its structure as a result of an excess absorption of electromagnetic energy. The ultrastructural changes revealed in the lateral fields of the cat hypothalamus are suitable for a well known scheme demonstrating the course of the pathological process, where three phases are distinguished: reactive, destructive and restorative. The pathological process develops gradually. The reactive changes in neurons and synapses, observed immediately after withdrawal of the electromagnetic action. increase during the following three months and result in coarse destructive disorders and in death of some neurons and synapses. In 6 months certain signs of restoration of the structures are observed. Under the effect of electromagnetic radiation water redistribution between the structures takes place, the sympathetic terminals loosing their fluid. Thus, certain conditions are produced for sticking together the synaptic vesicles. Possibly that deficiency of Ca++ ions contributes to it.
Animals↗
[Effect of weak electromagnetic radiation on learning in the grain beetle Tenebrio monitor].
Weak electromagnetic radiation (36 GHz, 100 MicroW/cm2) was used to study its effect on learning and memory of larvae and imago of the grain beetle Tenebrio molitor. The insects were learned to choose the direction in a T-maze. The retention was tested a month later. They were exposed to weak electromagnetic radiation before or after the learning experiments. Previous exposure to weak electromagnetic radiation stimulated learning of both larvae and imago. The effect depended on the developmental stage of the larvae. It was considerably stronger in larvae exposed to weak electromagnetic radiation immediately after their molting. It was better in the first half of the instar than in the second half. It is suggested that the effect of weak electromagnetic radiation can correlate with the function of hormones of metamorphosis.
Animals↗
Gutenberg-Richter-type relation for laboratory fracture-induced electromagnetic radiation.
The fractal nature of electromagnetic radiation induced by uniaxial and triaxial rock fracture is considered. Both the well-known Gutenberg-Richter-type and the Benioff strain-release relationship, for earthquakes and starquakes, are shown to extend to the microscale (millimeters-centimeters). Results show that both the b value of the Gutenberg-Richter-type law and the slope of the Benioff strain-release relationship of the electromagnetic radiation signals are similar to values known for earthquakes. These results imply that a common mechanism is acting at all scales.
Journal Article↗
[Changes in physico-chemical parameters of homeopathic remedies ferrum metallicum CH6 and ferrum metallicum CH30 after exposure to high frequency electromagnetic radiation of low intensity].
It is considered the microwaves electromagnetic radiation do not affect the materials, alive or not, when used in low power. In high power, the interaction effects would be the material warming (thermal effect). However, in the last years, the studies about electromagnetic radiation with low power (non thermal effect) in the human being have been increasing. It was found out the electromagnetic radiation, even with low power, can affect the living organisms and biosubstratum. In the present work the influence of electromagnetic radiation (2.45 GHz 500 W/cm2), on physical and chemical parameters of the homeopathic pharmaceutics products in shown.
Chemical Phenomena↗
[Possible modification of radiation injury using radio frequency electromagnetic radiation].
The possibility of radioprotective action of electromagnetic fields and radiations in radiofrequency range have been considered. It has been shown that the EMF and EMR effects depend on parameters of acting field. It is necessary to establish biophysical and biochemical ways and mechanisms of EMF and EMR action for effective use of radioemissions as radioprotectors.
Animals↗
[Effects of electromagnetic radiation in metropolis environment on teenagers' electrocardiogram and blood cells].
OBJECTIVE: Our previous investigation indicated that electromagnetic radiation level of city environment in some frequency range has gotten close to national standard limits. This study is to investigate the effects of these frequency electromagnetic waves coexisted in same environment on teenagers' electrocardiogram and blood cells. METHODS: Electrocardiogram and blood cells were examined in 106 cases of teenagers by using electrocardiograph and blood counting instruments respectively. RESULTS: There were not significantly different in heart rate, P-R interphase, QRS-wave time, Q-T interphase, blood hemoglobin content and blood platelet number in teenagers between high and low electromagnetic radiation environment (P > 0.05). The total blood leucocyte number in teenagers was statistically lower in high electromagnetic radiation environment than that in low electromagnetic radiation environment (P < 0.05). With regard to classification of blood leucocyte, the blood monocyte number in 14 - 18 years old of teenagers and the blood eosinophil number in boy were significantly higher in high electromagnetic radiation environment than those in low electromagnetic radiationenvironment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The electromagnetic radiation nowadays in metropolis environment may have no harmful effects on teenagers' electrocardiogram and have harmful effects on teenagers' blood leucocyte-mainly showing decreased total blood leucocyte number, increased percentages of monocyte and eosinophil number.
Adolescent↗
Electromagnetic radiation from microwave ovens.
Electromagnetic radiation from microwave ovens in Saudi Arabia was investigated by means of a field measurement survey. The survey was carried out for 106 ovens used in households and restaurants in Riyadh city. Ovens were between 1 month and 14 years old with operating power ranging from 0.5 to 4.4 kW. One oven was found to leak more than the 5 mW cm(-2) limit specified in the standard. Fifteen other ovens were found to leak 1 mW cm(-2) or more, with the remaining ovens leaking less than that. Based on the survey result, previous studies and the fast decay of radiated power density with distance from the oven, the conclusion was that user exposure to RF radiation from microwave ovens is much less than the general public exposure limit set by most international standards at 2450 MHz, i.e. 1 mW cm(-2), and that a detrimental effect on health is an unlikely result of exposure to radiation from microwave ovens.
Cooking↗
[The influence of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency on Daphnia magna (Straus)].
The influence of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency on survival, efficiency, physiological parameters of Daphnia magna (Straus) was investigated. The electromagnetic field with intensity of a magnetic component 15 microTl and an electrical one 12 kV/m was generated. The researches were carried out in acute and chronic experiments. The experimental group was exposed to electromagnetic radiation for 8 hours daily for 30 days. As a result of the study it was revealed that the influence of electromagnetic radiation with the given parameters did not have the lethal effect on the test objects. It was found that electromagnetic radiation negatively affected Daphnia fertility. On the average, a real fertility of the Daphnia in the experimental unit was 26.32% compared to the control. The age of puberty in the experiment increased twice in comparison with the control.
Animals↗
Health risks associated with residential exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation.
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation has received considerable attention recently as a possible threat to the health of persons living near high tension electric power lines, distribution substations, and even in close proximity to common household electric appliances. Results of epidemiological and laboratory research are examined to assess risks associated with magnetic fields generated by extremely low frequency electromagnetic sources. Health risks associated with such fields include a wide variety of ills ranging from disruption of normal circadian rhythms to childhood cancers. Risk assessment has been particularly difficult to determine in light of an ostensible lack of a dose-response relationship. Current media sensation fueled in part by an equivocal position adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency has contributed to the controversy. Recommendations for prudent avoidance of possible dangers are presented along with policy implications concerning health risks associated with magnetic fields.
Environmental Exposure↗
[Recent data from the literature on the biological and pathologic effects of electromagnetic radiation, radio waves and stray currents].
Electromagnetic radiation is present in increasing amounts in our environment, and its potential effects on human (and animal) health has been investigated. It remains unclear whether the risk of acute childhood leukemia is associated with cumulative exposure to magnetic fields. An association with brain cancer and colon cancer has been suggested in electrical company workers. The radars used by police departments may increase the incidence of cancer. Electromagnetic radiation may play a role in a number of disorders such as depression and memory loss. It has been established that cell phones interfere with pacemakers only if direct contact occurs and have no effect if held in their normal position. Interferences have been reported between pacemakers and shop-lifting detectors.
Adult↗
Dose dependence of acetylcholinesterase activity in neuroblastoma cells exposed to modulated radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation.
Radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation (RFR) at 915 and 147 MHz, when sinusoidally amplitude modulated (AM) at 16 Hz, has been shown to enhance release of calcium ions from neuroblastoma cells in culture. The dose-response relation is unusual, consisting of two power-density "windows" in which enhanced efflux occurs, separated by power-density regions in which no effect is observed. To explore the physiological importance of these findings, we have examined the impact of RFR exposure on a membrane-bound enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is intimately involved with the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter system. Neuroblastoma cells (NG108), exposed for 30 min to 147-MHz radiation, AM at 16 Hz, demonstrated enhanced AChE activity, as assayed by a procedure using 14C-labeled ACh. Enhanced activity was observed within a time window between 7.0 and 7.5 h after the cells were plated and only when the exposure occurred at power densities identified in a previous report as being effective for altering the release of calcium ions. Thus RFR affects both calcium-ion release and AChE activity in nervous system-derived cells in culture in a common dose-dependent manner.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
[Electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency range: radiation safety].
Existing safety standards for electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range, including microwave radiation, adopted in the USSR, Great Britain, Poland, Czechoslovakia, USA, Canada, FRG and recommended by IRPA/INIRC are described. It is proposed to use the value 0.4 W/kg as the basic value of an absorbed dose rate which corresponds to the energy flux density 100 W/m2 for frequencies over 2 GHz. The concepts of an effective dose rate and effective dose are discussed. Various questions of how to provide safety of those working with electromagnetic radiations are considered.
Canada↗
Reception of low-intensity millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation by the electroreceptors in skates.
Low intensity millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation of less than 10 mW cm-2 power intensity has a nonthermal effect on the body and it is widely used in medical practice for treatment of various diseases. Nevertheless, the effect of EMR on biological tissues is not understood. The skin and its sensory receptors are considered to be responsible for EMR reception, but this has yet to be confirmed. The present experiments were designed to study the effect of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation on the ampullae of Lorenzini in skates, which are very sensitive to weak electrical stimuli at low frequency. Reception of low-intensity millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation at 37-55 GHz by the electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) in the skate has been shown. At a power intensity of 1-5 mW cm-2 irradiating the duct opening at 1-20 mm distance caused a transient increase in the firing rate of a single afferent unit. When the power intensity was increased inhibitory responses were also observed. Some receptors responded with a prolonged excitatory activity lasting up to 30 min to the irradiation of the duct opening. Direct irradiation of the sensory cells produced only an inhibition, probably due to a rise in temperature. It is proposed that millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation generates a d.c. potential at the vicinity of duct opening which can be detected by the electroreceptors.
Animals↗