[Eligibility determination in cardiovascular diseases].
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Cardiovascular Diseases↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Eligibility Determination”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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On your mark--new assessment techniques for determining eligibility for midwifery registration.
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Australia↗
Hepatitis B virus genome mutations in precore and basal core promoter regions among HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with high viral load in Indonesia.
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is widely used as a marker for active HBV replication and serves as a surrogate for HBV DNA > 200,000 IU/mL to determine eligibility for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) prophylaxis to prevent vertical transmission, according to WHO guidelines. However, some HBeAg-negative patients still harbor high viral loads. Mutations in the precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) regions may reduce or abolish HBeAg expression without necessarily suppressing viral replication. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based characterization of these mutations remains limited in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the mutation prevalence in the BCP and PC regions associated with HBeAg negativity in Indonesian patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 32 chronic HBV treatment-naïve, unvaccinated patients with HBV DNA > 200,000 IU/mL (16 HBeAg-negative, 16 HBeAg-positive) at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. BCP and PC mutations were analyzed using NGS, classifying mutations as major (mutation frequency index [MFI] ≥20%) or minor (MFI 1- < 20%). Associations were analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test and p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. Among 29 major mutation sites, PC mutations A1846T/C and G1896A were more frequent in HBeAg-negative than HBeAg-positive patients (81.3% vs 6.3% and 75.0% vs 12.5%, respectively; all adjusted p = 0.019). Combined analysis showed higher mutation frequencies in HBeAg-negative patients (93.8%, 81.3%, and 62.5% for A1846T/C, G1896A, and G1899A, respectively; all adjusted p = 0.015). In conclusion, HBeAg-negative patients with high viral loads are strongly associated with PC mutations, particularly G1896A, A1846T/C, and G1899A. These exploratory findings provide regional NGS-based molecular evidence that established PC mutations may contribute to the coexistence of HBeAg negativity and continued high-level HBV replication in Indonesian patients. Larger studies incorporating broader virological and clinical comparison groups are required to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
Humans↗
Need determination in AFDC program.
This study summarizes the State policy with respect to the determination of need in the Federal-State program of AFDC. The areas discussed are the individual State definitions of need, the content of need standard, the types of persons included in the payment, the amount of income and resources allowed recipient families, the method of determining need, and a comparison of State food allowances with the Department of Agriculture cost figures. The cumulative effect of these policies on payments is also explored. The information in the report is based on data assembled for the biennial report of program plan characteristics early in 1978.
Aid to Families with Dependent Children↗
Implicit preadmission screening criteria in an alcoholism treatment program.
The fact that alcoholism programs are biased in terms of the kind of patients admitted to treatment is well recognized. The authors examined the possible bias of preadmission screening procedures in an alcoholism treatment program and investigated some of the criteria used by staff clinicians in determining an applicant's acceptability for treatment. They found that accepted and rejected applicants had highly similar characteristics, differing only in age (accepted applicants were slightly younger than those rejected) and source of referral. The overall findings suggest that clinicians implicitly evaluate problem drinkers along dimensions related to their perceived "treatability" in a given therapeutic setting.
Adult↗
[Recognition of a skin disease as an occupational disease according to the current legislation].
Admission of the insurance qualifying occupational skin disease (No. 5101 of Schedule 1 of the Occupational Disease Regulations = BeKV) has as its pre-requisite the availability of the medical evidence. The beginning of the period qualifying for insurance benefit shall be determined retrospectively. A hazardous activity appertains even if only a minor portion of the field of activity is the cause of the disease. Qualifying for insurance benefits requires that this activity shall have been finally given up and that the same or other hazardous activities are avoided in the future. This prognosis must have a good measure of probability. Otherwise, if the insured acts in bad faith, a pension may be withheld; if the insured acted in good faith a worsening of a syndrome by the hazardous activity (whether carried on as occupation or on one's own behalf) is not compensated for. The insurance qualifying date, furthermore, is dependent on the necessity for first-time medical treatment, medicines or therapeutic agents, or the incapacity for work, or the arising of a pension-qualifying reduction in earning power.
Dermatitis, Occupational↗
In Vitro comparison of herbal and conventional antifungals against Candida strains in Oral candidiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the in vitro antifungal activity of herbal and conventional antifungals against Candida strains. DESIGN: In vitro studies were identified through PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up until May 2026. This review is registered with Prospero (CRD420251128404). Eligibility was determined using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework, with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria focused on in vitro antifungal investigations comparing herbal antifungals with conventional antifungals. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies (QUIN Tool). A meta-analysis was performed, with the primary outcome measure being the ratio of means (RoM). RESULTS: The systematic review included twenty-five articles. Most studies showed different results in inhibition zones or minimum inhibitory concentrations between herbal and conventional agents. The meta-analysis indicates that certain herbal antifungals are equally effective as or more effective than conventional antifungals against Candida dubliniensis, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida tropicalis. While the efficacy of herbal antifungals for Candida albicans and Candida glabrata was modest, Piper betle L. demonstrated significant inhibitory potential. In contrast, conventional antifungals outperformed herbal antifungals against Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis highlight herbal medicine as a potential antifungal therapy for oral candidiasis, emphasizing the need for new strategies due to resistance to conventional antifungals.
Humans↗
The social and economic costs of end-stage renal disease. A patient's perspective.
The soical and economic effects of end-stage renal disease are enormous. This case history of our experience with dialysis and transplantation details our life with these two modes of treatment. Despite the common notion that Medicare covers most of the expenses, the detailed records of our financial experience show that Medicare paid only 53 per cent of our total costs; the remainder came from a mixture of private and public sources. In seeking alternative financial support, we encountered many problems, including complex and constraining requirements for aid, invasion of privacy, high insurance and bank-interest rates and termination of employment. Even those in middle-income brackets find it difficult to maintain their independence under such circumstances. New legislation extending Medicare coverage of home dialysis and transplantation should help to alleviate these problems in the future.
Adult↗
Physical examinations and industrial productivity.
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Coal Mining↗
Efficacy of BCG vaccination in prevention of cancer: an update.
From 1949 to 1951, a controlled trial of BCG vaccinations was conducted in Puerto Rico. The 191,827 children, 1-18 years of age, initially enrolled in the study were skin-tested with tuberculin to determine their eligibility for vaccination. A total of 82,269 children were classified as reactors and not vaccinated. Of the 109, 558 nonreactors, 31,586 refused vaccination, 50,634 were vaccinated with BCG, and 27,338 were left unvaccinated as controls. We ascertained the incidence of cancer over an average follow-up period of 23.3 years in the latter two groups using the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry. By the end of December 1973, a total of 77 cancers had been diagnosed among the controls and 150 among the vaccinees. The overall incidence of cancer among the two groups was similar. Although a number of differences existed between the vaccinee group and the controls in regard to the incidence of cancer at various "sites", none of these differences was statistically significant. However, when cases of lymphosarcoma and Hodgkin's disease were combined for analysis, a statistically significant excess of cases occurred among the vaccinees. We concluded that BCG vaccination had no protective effect on the subsequent development of cancer in this population. The slight excess of cases of lymphosarcoma and Hodgkin's disease among the vaccinees raised the possibility that BCG may have had an adverse effect.
Adolescent↗
Management of perforating colon trauma: randomization between primary closure and exteriorization.
During a 44 month trial, 268 patients with wounds of the colon were entered into a prospective, randomized, nonblinded study. Consideration for primary closure demanded that: preoperative shock was never profound, blood loss was less than 20% of estimated normal volume, no more than two intra-abdominal organ systems had been injured, fecal contamination was minimal, operation was begun within eight hours, and wounds of colon and abdominal wall were never so destructive as to require resection. Once such criteria had been satisfied, colon wound management was dictated by last digit in the randomly assigned hospital number; odd indicated primary closure; even, exteriorization of the wound or primary closure with protection by a proximal vent. Results obtained in 139 determinant patients eligible for randomization revealed that primary closure (67 patients) had a lower infection rate of the incision (48% vs S7%, p > 0.05) and a still lower infection rate for the abdomen proper (15% vs 29%, p < 0.05) on comparison to the 72 patients with a randomized colostomy. Morbidity otherwise for the randomized colostomy was tenfold greater than if a primary closure had been performed. Average postoperative stay was six days longer (p < 0.01) if a colostomy had been created, exclusive of subsequent hospitalization for colostomy closure; while the total extra cost for management of the colon wound by colostomy was approximately $2,700.00. Although immediate mortalities were identical, one late death occurred following colostomy closure. These data not only confirm the safety of primary closure for colon wounds in selected cases, but also indicate that such should become the preferred method of treatment whenever specific criteria have been met.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
In-home health services in California: some lessons for national health insurance.
Spiralling Medicare and Medicaid expenditures, recent revelations about unhealthy conditions in nursing homes, and pressure for national health insurance have led to increased interest in in-home health services as appropriate and cost-effective. Medicare and Medicaid provided some stimulus for development of in-home health services. Shortly after these programs went into effect, however, major policy decisions were made aimed at curbing utilization of in-home health services. California home health data for 1966-1973 document the effects of major policies that led to the development and decline of in-home health services under Medicare and Medicaid. A review of those policies, supported by the California data, indicate that in-home health services have been greatly restricted by historical underdevelopment and legislative and regulatory emphases. In addition, the study indicates the limitations of the kind of data currently collected and suggests data requirements necessary for future program evaluation and planning in home health.
Aged↗
Target organ damage in black hypertensives.
A representative sample of black hypertensives has been appraised to determine candidacy for hypertension treatment. A total of 1759 black residents were successfully screened at home. Forty-one percent of the males and 33% of the females had diastolic blood pressures of 95 mm Hg or greater. They were invited for secondary screening along with those hypertensives controlled on therapy. Clinical and laboratory evidence of cardiovascular disease was common among examined patients who were studied to determine their eligibility for therapy based on criteria of elevated blood pressure (greater than 104 mm Hg) at two visits, or evidence of end organ damage at lowere blood pressure levels. Of patients previously aware of their hypertension but not on therapy, 88% of the males and 67% of the females were considered candidates for therapy. Of patients not previously aware of their elevated blood pressure, 72% of the males and 67% of the females were considered candidates.
Adult↗
Exploring the relationship between psychiatric disorders and welfare.
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Community Mental Health Services↗
Mitomycin C in the Endoscopic Treatment of Airway Stenosis: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of adjuvant MMC in the endoscopic treatment of airway stenoses. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases. REVIEW METHODS: A literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The PICOS tool was used to determine the eligibility criteria for this study. A single arm meta-analysis was performed for stenosis resolution, the rate of patients requiring multiple endoscopic procedures, and the rate of patients requiring other surgical treatments. RESULTS: A total number of 358 patients (median age: 48.0 years; 95% CI 44.8-50.8) were included. The median follow-up was 25.2 months (n = 244/358; 95% CI 15.4-38.3). Overall, the cumulative stenosis resolution rate was 76.37% (n = 187/254; 95% CI 59.72-89.64), the rate of patients requiring multiple endoscopic procedures was 52.33% (n = 131/260; 95% CI 32.03-72.25), and the rate of patients requiring other surgical treatments was 4.08% (n = 26/310; 95% CI 0.37-11.48). The median intervention-free interval was 366 days (n = 155/358; 95% CI 270-696). CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence does not allow definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of adjuvant MMC in reducing recurrence or prolonging intervention-free intervals in airway stenosis. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of MMC and to inform evidence-based guidelines for patient selection and treatment use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA.
Humans↗
Awkward medicolegal problems in asbestos workers.
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Asbestosis↗
Diagnosis and the dole: the function of illness in American distributive politics.
This article argues that the concept of illness has certain properties that make it a convenient administrative device for managing a need-based redistributive system in a society whose primary distributive system is based on work. These properties--cultural acceptance of illness as a legitimate excuse for not working, objective standards for identifying illness, and restrictiveness--have led to the widespread use of illness as an eligibility criterion for many social benefits, including cash transfers, services, privileges and exemptions. Paradoxically, the traditional rationales for using illness as one of the keystones of categorical welfare policy are eroding, yet welfare programs based on illness certification are growing rapidly. To explain this anomaly, the author suggests that medical certification as a distributive mechanisms serves certain latent political functions, such as allowing welfare programs to be responsive to political unrest, siphoning off opposition to controversial policies by the granting of medical exemptions to intense opponents, are reducing political conflict by using physicians as arbiters.
Attitude to Health↗
Follow-up of a token economy applied to civilly committed narcotic addicts.
Thirty-one civil-commitment, male, heroin addicts participated in an intramural token economy designed to reinforce the rehabilitative process by programming the incentive of length of residential stay. The project evaluated participation in rehabilitative activities during intramural stay, personality change as measured by the MMPI, and follow-up of the participants' community aftercare retention. The token economy had a substantial impact on the participants' institutional adjustment but had little influence on the evaluative dimensions of personality change and rate of aftercare retention.
Adolescent↗