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Results for “Elimination Disorders”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Selective mutism and comorbidity with developmental disorder/delay, anxiety disorder, and elimination disorder.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the comorbidity of developmental disorder/delay in children with selective mutism (SM) and to assess other comorbid symptoms such as anxiety, enuresis, and encopresis. METHOD: Subjects with SM and their matched controls were evaluated by a comprehensive assessment of the child and by means of a parental structured diagnostic interview with focus on developmental history. Diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV. RESULTS: A total of 54 children with SM and 108 control children were evaluated. Of the children with SM, 68.5% met the criteria for a diagnosis reflecting developmental disorder/delay compared with 13.0% in the control group. The criteria for any anxiety diagnosis were met by 74.1% in the SM group and for an elimination disorder by 31.5% versus 7.4% and 9.3%, respectively, in the control group. In the SM group, 46.3% of the children met the criteria for both an anxiety diagnosis and a diagnosis reflecting developmental disorder/delay versus 0.9% in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: SM is associated with developmental disorder/delay nearly as frequently as with anxiety disorders. The mutism may conceal developmental problems in children with SM. Children with SM often meet diagnostic criteria for both a developmental and an anxiety disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Functional urinary and fecal incontinence in neurologically normal children: symptoms of one 'functional elimination disorder'?

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between disordered defecation and non-neuropathic bladder-sphincter dysfunction (NNBSD) by comparing the prevalence of symptoms of disordered defecation in children with NNBSD before and after treatment for urinary incontinence (UI), and assessing the effect of such symptoms on the cure rate for UI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the European Bladder Dysfunction Study, a prospective multicentre study comparing treatment plans for children with NNBSD, 202 children completed questionnaires on voiding and on defecation, at entry and after treatment for UI. Four symptoms of disordered defecation were evaluated; low defecation frequency, painful defecation, fecal soiling, and encopresis. RESULTS: At entry, 17 of the 179 children with complete data sets had low defecation frequency and/or painful defecation (9%), classified as functional constipation (FC). Of the 179 children, 57 had either isolated fecal soiling or soiling with encopresis (32%), classified as functional fecal incontinence (FFI). After treatment for UI, FFI decreased to 38/179 (21%) (statistically significant, P = 0.035); for FC there were too few children for analysis. After treatment for UI, 19 of the 179 children (11%) reported de novo FFI. Symptoms of disordered defecation did not influence the cure rate of treatment for UI. CONCLUSIONS: FFI improved significantly after treatment for UI only, but not in relation to the outcome of such treatment. FFI did not influence the cure rate for UI. There was little to support a causal relation between disordered defecation and NNBDS ('functional elimination syndrome').

Child↗
PubMed1990

Calcinosis cutis associated with syringomas: a transepidermal elimination disorder in a patient with Down syndrome.

Several cutaneous disorders have been associated with Down syndrome. An increased frequency of syringomas and of elastosis perforans serpinginosa, a transepidermal elimination disorder, have been described. We report the first case of the simultaneous occurrence of transepidermal elimination of calcium associated with syringomas in a patient with Down syndrome who had lesions clinically suggestive of milia.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis. A transepithelial elimination disorder.

A patient with clinically and histologically characteristic chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis (CNCH) had histologic evidence of transepithelial elimination (TE). Results of a review of 10 other histologic specimens of CNCH yielded three cases with features of TE. Pictorial presentation of yet another example was found in the literature. It is suggested that CNCH should be included in the ever-expanding group of TE disorders.

Epidermis↗
PubMed2003

[Elimination disorders in childhood. How to make children dry and clean].

Evacuation disorders include a number of disturbances in which genetic and environmental factors play a highly differentiated role. Behind enuresis nocturna is a genetic CNS development disorder; a differentiation is made between cases with and without diurnal bladder dysfunction. In the first line treatment involves the use of an alarm device, while desmopressin is a second-choice treatment. In children with diurnal enuresis, there is a range of functional disorders of continence to be considered including, in particular, idiopathic urge incontinence, urinary incontinence when micturition is suppressed, and detrussor sphincter dyscoordination. Prominent among the therapeutic options are cognitive-behavioral measures and biofeedback training. Encopresis may develop on the soil of acute constipation or underlying psychological factors. Treatment is symptom-oriented and also comprised behaviorial measures (toilet training), possibly dietary measures and, in the event of constipation, enemas or oral laxatives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Comorbidity in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been noted for its high rate of comorbidity. The present study is the first report in Japan evaluating the proportion of comorbidity in ADHD cases presenting in the clinical setting, aiming at clarifying the picture of ADHD in Japan. The subjects consisted of 68 child and adolescent cases meeting criteria for ADHD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn) under treatment at a child psychiatry clinic (IQ > 50, mental age >or= 4 years old). Disorders evaluated as comorbid disorders were mood disorders, anxiety disorders, elimination disorders, sleep disorders, tic disorders, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), school refusal, and epilepsy. Comorbidity with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, ODD, and CD, were found to be lower than the high rates conventionally reported in North America. The lower age of the present subjects, primarily in infancy and elementary school age with few adolescent cases, and a bias towards milder cases from an outpatient clinic without inpatient facilities are believed to be factors accounting for this disparity. Furthermore, it was a notable fact that mentally delayed cases (IQ: 51-84) amounted to 34% of the cases, indicating the necessity to consider intelligence level when formulating a treatment strategy for ADHD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Successful colposuspension in stress urinary incontinence reduces bladder neck mobility and increases pressure transmission to the urethra.

Twenty-nine consecutive patients with stress urinary incontinence were investigated by bead chain urethrocystography (UCG) and single cough urethrocystometry before operation and 8-12 months after a Burch colposuspension producing clinical improvement. The operation significantly elevated the bladder neck and reduced its mobility during acute stress. The urethral inclination angle and the posterior urethrovesical angle also became smaller at rest and on straining. A significant negative correlation was found between the postoperative mobility of the bladder neck and the post-operative pressure transmission ratio (PTR), indicating that correction of the urethrovesical anatomical disorder eliminates the functional disorder in this disease and restores continence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Four-year follow-up of children with low intelligence and ADHD: a replication.

Twenty children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low IQs, who participated in a drug study, were followed up 4.5 years later, when their ages averaged 12.4 years (range: 8-20 years: SD = 2.78). Participants were assessed by their parents and teachers on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC; Aman & Singh, 1994), on the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI; Gadow & Sprafkin, 1994), and on a structured interview. A majority of children continued to screen positive for ADHD at follow-up, as well as display high rates of comorbid anxiety disorders, tics, and elimination disorders. Educational placement became slightly more restrictive over the follow-up interval. Multiple medication trials (30 in all, among 14 participants) were attempted between initial contact and follow-up. Ratings on the ABC by parents and teachers showed significantly lower scores at follow-up on the Hyperactivity subscale. Relatively few associations were found between initial ratings and follow-up ratings on standardized scales.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders in Ethiopian children.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude of specific mental and behavioural disorders in children in Butajira, southern Ethiopia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Butajira district, southern Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Amharic version of the diagnostic instrument for children and adolescents was used to interview parents of 1,477 children. RESULTS: Of the surveyed children 3.5% had at least one or more mental or behavioural disorders. The most frequent diagnoses were anxiety disorders (1.6%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (1.5%) and disruptive behaviour disorders (1.5%). Mood disorders (1%) and elimination disorders (0.8%) were relatively less common. CONCLUSION: The study shows that specific mental and behavioural disorders in these children are significant public health problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Disorder can eliminate oscillator death

We use an array of diffusively coupled limit-cycle oscillators with a regular monotonic trend of natural frequencies to demonstrate that the disorder introduced in the form of random deviations from a linear trend of frequencies can weaken considerably desynchronization-induced oscillator death and, as a result, increase oscillation intensity substantially. There exist definite optimal levels of magnitude of spatial disorder at which maximal oscillatory energy is attained in the array.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[Elimination of disorders of the electrical stability of the heart in experimental myocardial infarct and postinfarct cardiosclerosis under the influence of a benzodiazepine receptor agonist].

It was shown on Wistar male rats that agonist of benzodiazepine receptors phenazepam considerably suppressed the heart ectopic activity and eliminated disturbances of the heart electric stability in acute myocardial infarction and postinfarction cardiosclerosis. The drug prevented to a considerable extent the death rate of animals within the first day following the ligation of coronary artery and the fall of arterial pressure in animals with the acute myocardial infarction. Possible mechanism of the benzodiazepine agonist effect is under discussion.

Animals↗