Deciding about embryo research.
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Embryo research is lawful in the United Kingdom: Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. Subject to licence and regulation. Embryo research raises medical, scientific, legal, social, philosophical, and ultimately conscience, moral and ethical issues. In the end each individual has to make his own value judgment, to be respected by all the rest of us.
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This review evaluates recent developments in the application as well as legalization of human embryo research. A number of European countries, including the United Kingdom and Spain, have recently enacted comprehensive legislation to regulate embryo research. Research reviewed here was conducted either with the aim to alleviate certain medical conditions or to improve the low success rates of assisted reproductive technology. Research was usually conducted on embryos that were considered unfit for immediate transfer or unsuitable for cryopreservation. Research projects were aimed at 1) studying the metabolism of the embryo, 2) promoting embryonic viability, 3) assisting fertilization in patients with fertilization disorders, and 4) determining gene disorders in embryos from couples at risk for transmitting genetic disease.
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Reasons are given for suggesting that individuation of the human embryo does not begin until the primitive streak forms at about the fourteenth day after conception; this view, though contested by many, is held by very many committed Christians of all denominations. In the conceptus or pre-embryo, after the formation of a blastocyst at about four-five days after fertilisation, biopsy of a single cell from the outer layer of cells (which later can form the membranes and placenta) can be used to determine the sex of the conceptus and will ultimately be used to detect the presence of an abnormal gene such as that for Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy, without detriment to development of the basal cell mass from which the embryo forms. The potential benefits in the prevention of inherited disease are profound.
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