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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Employment retention and career movement among individuals with mental retardation working in supported employment.

Results of a 24-month analysis of employment retention and replacement needs of a sample of 302 individuals placed into supported employment were reported. Supported employees experienced regular movement in and out of the labor market. Approximately 30% of them were still employed in their original employment situation 24 months following initial placement. An additional 20% were employed in subsequent employment situations, and over 31% had lost their employment and were returned to a referral pool to await replacement. Implications for future supported employment service delivery and funding were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Perceived discrimination in education and employment by people with Crohn's disease: a case control study of educational achievement and employment.

Eighty three patients in whom the diagnosis of Crohn's disease had been made before the age of 40 years and who had been resident in the city of Cardiff were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire about their educational and employment experiences. Responses were obtained from 58 patients (response rate = 70%), 23 buddy controls, and 27 community controls. The mean (SD) age of patients at the time of the survey was 31 (5) years. Twenty four of the patients were diagnosed before leaving secondary education, at a mean age of 17 years. They had lost significantly more days' schooling than controls (chi 2 = 14.3 p less than 0.001) but had achieved similar academic success as measured by examination passes and attendance at tertiary institutes of education. Similar numbers of patients and controls were employed at the time of the survey, although significantly more patients had experienced long term unemployment (z = 2.6 p less than 0.01). As a result of their experiences up to 30% actively concealed their illness from employers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes of major employers toward the employment of people with epilepsy: a 30-year study.

Beginning in 1956, major San Francisco Bay area employers were sampled at 10-year intervals for a 30-year period to assess attitudes toward the employment of epileptic workers. In this time, we documented a trend of sustained positive change that appears to validate the efforts of organizations that have focused on raising public awareness of this disorder.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1992

What issues should be considered when negotiating an employment contract? Employment contracts for CRNAs: protecting yourself amid the new economic realities.

Severe imbalances in the supply and demand for nurse anesthesia services are giving CRNAs a new and substantial economic worth in the health care provider marketplace. As a result, CRNAs are using written employment contracts increasingly to delineate their scope of practice, limit their liability, and protect their new economic value. This article discusses basic points that every anesthetist should consider in negotiating such contracts. Practical suggestions are offered for conducting negotiations as both an employee and independent contractor.

Contract Services↗
PubMed1992

Non-employment and changes in smoking, drinking, and body weight.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of unemployment and early retirement on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and body weight in middle aged British men. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (British regional heart study). SETTING: One general practice in 24 towns in Britain. SUBJECTS: 6057 men aged 40-59 who had been continuously employed for five years before the initial screening. Five years after screening 4412 men had been continuously employed and 1645 had experienced some unemployment or retired. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of cigarettes smoked and units of alcohol consumed per week and body mass index (kg/m2). RESULTS: An initial screening significantly higher percentages of men who subsequently experienced non-employment smoked or had high alcohol consumption than of men who remained continuously employed: 43.0% versus 37.0% continuously employed for cigarette smoking (95% confidence interval for difference 3.2% to 9.0%) and 12.1% versus 9.0% for heavy drinking (1.3% to 5.1%). There was no evidence that men increased their smoking or drinking on becoming non-employed. Men non-employed through illness were significantly more likely to reduce their smoking and drinking than men who remained continuously employed. Men who experienced non-employment were significantly more likely to gain over 10% in weight than men who remained continuously employed: 7.5% versus 5.0% continuously employed (0.9% to 4.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Loss of employment was not associated with increased smoking or drinking but was associated with an increased likelihood of gaining weight. The long term effects of the higher levels of smoking and alcohol consumption before nonemployment should be taken into account when comparing mortality and morbidity in groups of unemployed and employed people.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of early and recent maternal employment on children from low-income families.

The effects of early maternal employment (employment during the child's first 3 years) and recent maternal employment (employment during the previous 3 years) on 189 second-grade children from low-income families were examined. Maternal employment was related to a number of selection factors. In comparison to mothers who were not employed, employed mothers scored higher on a mental aptitude test and were more highly educated. Both early and recent maternal employment were also associated with measures of the current family functioning: there was less poverty and higher HOME environment scores when mothers were employed. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that children's math achievement was positively predicted by early maternal employment and children's reading achievement was positively predicted by recent maternal employment, even after controlling for selection effects and current family environment. These results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms by which maternal employment may affect children's development.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Employment and low birth weight in black women.

Recent studies have not shown adverse effects of employment during pregnancy on the pregnancy outcome, but most have not successfully distinguished factors due to work-related physical and mental strain from differences in social, economic and cultural characteristics between employed and non-employed women. We analyzed data from the Alameda County Case-Control Study of Low Birth Weight to address the question of employment as a risk factor for low birth weight in more depth. Subjects in the study were singleton infants without congenital malformations born in 1987 to black or white, non-hispanic residents of Alameda County, a large urban community in California. Cases were all infants weighing less than 2500 g at birth; controls were chosen at random from the infants weighing 3000 g or more. The mothers of 377 black cases, 389 black controls, 233 white cases and 239 white controls could be located and interviewed. This analysis excluded the white women because evidence of response bias in regard to employment was found for them but not for black women. The percentage of black women in the study who were employed during pregnancy was 49.9%. Employment was associated with a significantly lower relative risk of low birth weight before and after controlling for age, parity, smoking, heavy alcohol use, prior low birth weight infants and low pre-pregnancy weight. After adjustment for known risk factors for low birth weight, employment explained more of the variance of low birth weight than other commonly used measures of 'social class', including income, education and marital status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗