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Results for “Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

In vitro cell-mediated immunity of cerebrospinal-fluid lymphocytes to myelin basic protein in primary demyelinating diseases.

In an attempt to characterize the immunologic reactivity of cerebrospinal-fluid lymphocytes in demyelinating diseases, we compared the myelin-basic-protein-induced in vitro responses of these cells to peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same subjects with a variety of neurologic diseases. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and progressive multiple sclerosis had increased reactivity as compared to those of normal volunteers (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Cerebrospinal-fluid lymphocytes from patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and acute and progressive (but not stable) multiple sclerosis were more reactive than cells from subjects with other neurologic diseases (P less than 0.005, P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Cerebrospinal-fluid lymphocytes manifested a greater reactivity than peripheral blood lymphocytes in acute and progressive multiple sclerosis but not in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These findings demonstrate that lymphocytic cells reactive to myelin basic protein are present in the spinal fluid during active demyelinating disease; and that these cells may be more reactive than peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Post-infectious encephalomyelitis: some aetiological mechanisms.

The possibility that acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis ('epidemic neuromyasthenia') may share a common pathogenesis is examined and many factors common to the two diseases are described. It is suggested that further study of ADEM may help our understanding of epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1977

The autoimmune features of acute transverse myelopathy.

Lymphocytes from patients with acute transverse myelopathy (ATM) were shown to undergo a specific and significant transformation when cultured in vitro in the presence of either the central nervous myelin basic encephalitogenic protein (BE) or the peripheral nerve myelin P2 protein. A similar pattern of response was demonstrated in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and in acute myeloradiculitis. Lymphocytes from patients suffering from other autoimmune neurological disorders or other neurological diseases affecting the spinal cord showed no response to there immunologically related antigens, which have previously been found to have the capacity of inducing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, either alone or with experimental allergic neuritis, when injected into animals. The specific in vitro response to BE and P2 suggests that in vivo sensitization of lymphocytes to such self-antigens occurs in ATM and than a cell-mediated, probably postinfecious autoimmune mechanism may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Joseph E. Smadel Memorial Lecture: neuroimmunologic diseases of animals and humans.

New precepts gained from the crescendo of neuroimmunobiologic research of recent decades have increased our understanding of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), virus-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADE), and multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE of animals and humans provides evidence of the existence in mammalian lymphoid tissues of potential clones of cells with autoreactivity for myelin basic protein (MBP) and other antigenic constituents of the central nervous system (CNS). In a new hamster model, EAE has been strikingly potentiated by persistent infection of the CNS with defective measles virus, a finding that also has implications for virus-associated ADE. Endogenous MBP or MBP degradation fragments, reactive with MBP antibodies of various affinities, have been detected by a recently devised radioimmunoassay in serum, plasma, and other body fluids of normal rats, rats with EAE, and patients with virus-associated ADE or MS. Circulating MBP or MBP fragments may be of great importance in inhibiting neuroautoimmune reactivity and play a role in repair of immunologic CNS injury should it inadvertently occur. Finally, the impressive degree of concordance of immunologic events in EAE, virus-associated ADE, and MS provides additional support for the central importance of host neuroimmunologic responses in the pathogenesis of these neutologic diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Potentiation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in hamsters with persistent encephalitis due to measles virus.

To clarify mechanisms underlying acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADE) in patients with infection due to measles or other viruses, a new animal model was devised. Adult hamsters that had clinically recovered from acute encephalitis induced by prior intracerebral injection of the HBS strain of measles virus were challenged with neuroantigen plus adjuvant. Such hamsters, which had a high likelihood of carrying persistent HBS measles virus in the central nervous system (CNS), exhibited a significantly higher incidence of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) following challenge as compared with simultaneously challenged but previously uninfected littermates. Occurrence of EAE in hamsters previously injected with heat-inactivated virus was not potentiated, a finding suggesting that persistence of the virus in the CNS renders that organ system more vulnerable to immunologic attack. This new model has promise for the probing of relationships between persistent viral infections of the CNS and host autoimmune responses directed against that target organ system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Effect of a synthetic polypeptide (COP 1) on patients with multiple sclerosis and with acute disseminated encephalomeylitis. Preliminary report.

Three patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADE) and 4 patients in the terminal stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) were subjected to treatment with Cop 1, a synthetic copolymer of amino acids, which had previously been shown to have a beneficial effect in the treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Under the treatment, the ADE patients recovered completely within 3 weeks, but 1 of 2 control cases treated with steroids showed complete recovery as well. The MS patients did not show any significant change in their motor function; however, 2 of them showed some improvement in vision and speech capacity. It is too early to conclude whether this improvement is related to the treatment. No side effect was observed in any of the patients treated with Cop. 1.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Antibodies to oligodendroglia in patients with multiple sclerosis.

We demonstrated antibodies to isolated oligodendrocytes and to oligodendroglia in brain sections by indirect immunofluorescence technic in serums of 19 of 21 patients with multiple sclerosis. We also found such antibodies in three of five patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and one of four patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, but not in patients with other neurologic diseases or normal persons. The antibodies were absorbed by preincubation of serum with isolated oligodendrocytes or whole white matter, but not with purified myelin or liver tissue. Immunofluorescent staining was blocked by either rabbit anti-oligodendrocyte serum or non-fluoresceinated goat anti-human immunoglobulin. These findings suggest that antibodies to oligodendroglia are distinct from antibodies to myelin and that demyelination in multiple sclerosis could be a consequence of an immunopathologic reaction directed against oligodendroglial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Hyperacute encephalomyelitis following lyssa vaccination].

UNLABELLED: A case of hyperacute disseminated encephalomyelitis following lyssa-vaccination is reported. Clinical symptoms occurred on the tenth day after the vaccination and the patient died three days afterward. Demyelinization and glia proliferation was observed histologically in the spinal cord. No alterations could be seen in the peripheric nerves. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The spinal and cerebral forms of the postvaccinial encephalomyelitis can not be sharply distinguished. 2. In the postvaccinial encephalomyelitis there are also severe infiltration, demyelinization and gliosis in the opticus. 3. Post-vaccinial lyssa encephalomyelitis is a rare, but unavoidable complication of the lassa-vaccination. 4. The State Insurance Company have to pay damages.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Postvaccinal encephalomyelitis without cutaneous vaccination reaction.

A 5-year-old girl developed a progressive febrile neurological illness consisting of right focal seizures, right hemiparesis, and stupor evolving over a period of six weeks. During the month preceding the onset of her illness she had received two apparently unsuccessful smallpox vaccinations without a skin lesion. Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid gamma globulin and findings on brain biopsy were consistent with postinfectious encephalitis, and a simultaneous increase in serum vaccinia antibody titer suggested that the illness was postvaccinial encephalitis. Clinically, the child developed a severe extrapyramidal movement disorder during the acute phase followed by nine months of stuporous unresponsiveness, yet subsequently made a substantial recovery.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Vaccination against whooping-cough. Efficacy versus risks.

Calculations based on the mortality of whooping-cough before 1957 predict accurately the subsequent decline and the present low mortality. Notifications of incidence, though variable and incomplete, follow the same pattern of steady decline in the United Kingdom and are unaffected either by small-scale vaccination beginning about 1948 or by nationwide vaccination beginning in 1957. When valid comparisons can be made, attack-rates may be lower and complications fewer in vaccinated children, but allowance has to be made for overcrowding and socio-economic differences which may be more important as determinants of attack-rates. No protection by vaccination is demonstrable in infants. Adverse reactions and neurotoxicity following vaccinations were studied in 160 cases. In 79, the relationship to pertussis vaccine was strong. In 14 of these cases, reaction was transient but characteristic of a syndrome of shock and cerebral disturbance, which, in the other 65 cases, was followed by convulsions, hyperkinesis, and severe mental defect. It seems likely that most adverse reactions are unreported and that many are overlooked. Precise information about the efficacy and safety of this vaccine is lacking, because existing provisions, national and international, for epidemiological surveillance and evaluation are inadequate. The claim by official bodies that the risks of whooping-cough exceed those of vaccination is questionable, at least in the U.K.

Adolescent↗