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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Histochemical observations on the neuroendocrine complex of Heteroptera, II--The endocrine glands.

A histochemical analysis of the retrocerebral endocrine glands of four heteropteran bugs, viz. Sphderodema rusticum Fabr., Ranatra filiformis Fabr., Enithares indica Fabr. and Spilostethus pandurus has been made. Histochemical tests for various types of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, etc. have been made. The reaction of different types of cells of the endocrine glands viz. chromophil, chromophobe and CA cells have been studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Histological response of various endocrine glands after administration of certain neurohumors in chicks.

Histological response of various endocrine glands like pituitary, adrenal, testes and pancreas after administration of certain neurohumors like acetylcholine, adrenaline and histamine in a particular dose and sequence, has been carried out in white leghorn chicks. Result of this study revealed that administration of these neurohumors produced definite changes in various endocrines. Histological changes are more prominent in pituitary and adrenal glands, whereas, pancreas and testes did not reveal much influence of these neurohumors.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1979

[Hormonal regulation and hormone therapy in childhood and adolescence. Part 1: development of endocrine glands, hormone production, menarche and secondary sex characteristics].

The growth curves of the endocrine glands in female puberty are described. Adrenarche with an elevated production of adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone marks the beginning of prepuberty. By decrease of hypothalamic sensitivity to sexual steroids begins the deviation of FSH and LH levels. Significant increases of gonadotrophins and prolactin occur during sleep. There is a good correlation between bone age, Tanner-stages of breast and pubic hair development and steroid hormone levels. Criteria of maturity for young girls including menarche and ovulation are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of thymectomy on the endocrine glands of the rat.

The effects of thymectomy on the thyroid gland, the adrenal cortex, the testes and the lymph nodes of the rat follow the same pattern as those observed in guinea pigs but in a very attenuated form. Thymectomized rats do not show the wasting observed in thymectomized guinea pigs. The effects on the adenohypophysis are approximately the same in rats and guinea pigs, but the sequence of the changes is different. Injections of thymic extract or of presumably pure thymic hormone suppressed all the effects of thymectomy on the endocrine glands of the rat. In rats, thymic hormone was found in the thymus, the lymph nodes and the spleen. It disappeared from the lymph nodes and the spleen within three days of thymectomy and did not reappear, although most of the changes in the endocrine glands were transitory. The implications of the observations for understanding the consequences of thymectomy are discussed.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1978

Histological observations on some of the endocrine glands in the ironfish, with special regard to the hypophysis.

Endocrine glands of the ironfish were studied light microscopically to elucidate the relationship between the races of the genus Carassius. The rostral pars distalis of the adenohypophysis consists mainly of acidophils corresponding to prolactin cells and lead-hematoxylin positive cells corresponding to corticotrophs (ACTH cells). The prolactin cells are obviously arranged in the form of follicles. The proximal pars distalis contains orangenophils (STH cells) and two types of basophils (TSH and GTH cells). In the pars intermedia, three types of cells are identified: periodic acid Schiff positive cells, lead-hematoxylin stainable cells and orangenophils containing PAS positive coarse granules. In addition, small agranular cells are seldom demonstrated in the entire adenohypophysis. A considerable amount of aldehyde fuchsin positive neurosecretory material is laden in the cells of the nucleus preopticus and in the pars nervosa. The nucleus lateralis tuberis is composed of three portions: pars anterior, pars posterior, and pars lateralis. The thyroid follicles found in the pharyngeal region and head kidney show a mild state of activity. The interrenal cells intermingled with the chromaffin cells have a considerable amount of eosinophil cytoplasm. Judging from the gonadal condition, the breeding season of the ironfish may extend to the end of July.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The state of the peripheral endocrine glands 14 months following hypophysectomy and their sensitivity to the tropic hormones of the hypophysis].

Rats hypophysectomized at the age of four weeks continued to grow at a delayed rate during the whole fourteen month's observation period. A spontaneous development of the sexual apparatus was noted in some of the hypophysectomized animals: an increase in the weight of the testes, of the ventral prostate and of the seminal vesicles. In fourteen months the peripheral endocrine glands retained their sensitivity to the tropic hormones of the hypophysis; a ten-day adminstration of a corresponding tropic hormone led to a double increase in weight of the dependent endocrine gland and a sharp elevation of its functional activity.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

The syndrome of multiple endocrine gland insufficiency.

Addison's disease, when caused by idiopathic atrophy of the adrenal cortex, is frequently associated with other endocrine abnormalities. Primary hypothyroidism and hypogonadism have been reported in association with adrenal insufficiency; understandably, such cases may lead to diagnostic confusion with respect to possible pituitary disease. This case study concerns a woman who exhibited, in sequence and over a period of 17 years, hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, diabetes mellitus and, finally, hypothyroidism. Originally misdiagnosed as having Sheehan's syndrome, she eventually became hyperpigmented. The true nature of her illness was then revealed to be primary insufficiency of multiple endocrine glands, with the demonstration of elevated levels of several pituitary hormones. Because multiple endocrine insufficiencies may coexist or develop with time, we suggest that a patient with a single documented endocrine deficiency be investigated initially and serially for additional glandular deficiencies.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1979

Histological observation of some of the endocrine glands in the sterile carp-funa hybrid (F1), with special reference to the hypophysis.

Some endocrine glands of the carp-funa hybrids were studied with a light microscope to elucidate their detailed structure and the possible causal factor of sterility in the males. Adult specimens of carp (Cyprinus carpio), gengoroh-buna (Carassius auratus cuvieri), and their hybrid (F1) were examined. The hybrid males are sterile as manifested by the failure of meiosis and seminomatous neoplasm in their testes. The hybrid females revealed well-developed ovaries, but their fertility was not tested. The hybrid hypophysis shows an intermediate condition between the parent species in the grade of ramification of the pars nervosa into the pars intermedia. Among seven types of granular cells demonstrated in the adenohypophysis, certain degenerative and anomalous changes are recognized only in the gonadotrophs of the hybrid hypophysis, especially in the female. These changes are discussed as a possible cause of sterility. A considerable amount of aldehyde fuchsin stainable neurosecretory material occurs in the cells of the nucleus preopticus and in the pars nervosa. The nucleus lateralis tuberis exhibits a histologically healthy condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A unicellular endocrine gland in cestodes.

Unicellular glands are reported from the scolex and anterior neck region of Hymenolepis diminuta and H. nana. Despite positive staining reactions with the presumptive neurosecretory stains, paraldehyde-fuchsin and chrome-alum-hematoxylin, ultrastructurally these glands exhibit many non-neural characteristics. Glandular cell processes are frequently found in close proximity to muscular tissue, particularly in the suckers, suggesting a regulatory role in muscle modulation as a possible function. Two types of putative, neurosecretory cells are reported from the cephalic ganglia and the lateral nerve cords. Neurosecretory regulation of the unicellular endocrine glands is postulated based on the lack of direct innervation of the glands and the frequent close proximity of axons containing putative, neurosecretory granules.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer of endocrine glands and target organs: genetic considerations.

The pathogenesis of cancer in general is influenced by many factors, genetic and environmental. Epidemiological studies demonstrate familial aggregation of cancer in a significant proportion of cases. Many of these familial cancer syndromes contain endocrine hormone-related components. The etiology of endocrine-related cancers is complex, as is that of other cancers. Tumors of endocrine glands and target organs are subject to the same influences as other cancers; an additional variable is that of hormone-responsiveness.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

[The intestines: an endocrine gland with multiple secretions].

The endocrinology of the digestive system has been a stimulating area of research for 15 years. Studies have shown that the intestine, with the many hormones it secretes, is to be considered an endocrine gland per se. The questions surrounding the nature, origin and functions of these hormones, and their role in human clinical medicine, are discussed. The answers, although incomplete and provisional, open highly interesting perspectives for the gastroenterologist.

Cholecystokinin↗