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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Critical appraisal of entomological data of Madhya Pradesh for 1991 and its relevance to the National Malaria Eradication Programme.

Entomological data generated in five entomological zones, of Madhya Pradesh State during 1991 including, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Gwalior, Indore and Raipur were analyzed. The entomological parameters that were studied included per man hour (pmh) density, abdominal physiology and parity status. The inferences were related to i) resting behaviour (exophily/endophily) ii) duration of indoor resting period of mosquitoes iii) man-vector contact iv) efficacy of residual insecticide and v) vulnerability of the area to focal malaria outbreaks. The data chiefly pertains to the putative malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies in all the five zones under study. The studies have brought out that A. culicifacies, traditionally endophilic and endophagic, has demonstrated radical departure in its resting and feeding behaviour. In Gwalior zone the species shows high preference for exophily. In Bhopal and Indore zones there is differential resting behaviour with respect to season. The species shows, for most part of the year exophily but is also endophilic during post monsoon period. In Bilaspur zone the species shows marked exophily and endophagy. Irrigation practices seem to have affected the mosquito population density patterns in these regions as brought out in Indore and Bilaspur zone, where high density pattern is observed between November and February. These findings have obvious implications in selecting the appropriate intervention methods and the period of spray in areas where residual spray is the method of choice for interruption of transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A statistical analysis of successional patterns in carrion-arthropod assemblages: implications for forensic entomology and determination of the postmortem interval.

A set of statistical protocols is proposed for analyzing carrion-arthropod succession in forensic entomology investigations. A total of 23 carrion-arthropod data sets from temperate, tropical, desert, and coastal environments were assembled in a standard format and analyzed using randomization tests and methods derived from quantitative community ecology. The data were analyzed in three ways. First, patterns of arthropod visitation on nonhuman carcasses were analyzed in each of the 23 cases. Analysis revealed two groups of taxa: those that persist on the carcass over a single time interval (= nonreoccurring taxa, 80% of the taxa) and those that appear, leave, and reappear over time on the carcass (= reoccurring taxa, 20%). Reoccurring taxa, which can confound estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI), were found in 6 classes, 12 orders, and 29 taxonomic families of arthropods, including some forensically important taxa (for example, calliphorids, sarcophagids, histerids). The recognition that reoccurring taxa exist and that they are found in forensically important groups is an early step toward factoring in their potential importance in future entomological investigations. Second, temporal changes in the taxonomic composition of the carrion-arthropod community were studied by quantifying the degree of taxonomic similarity between pairwise combinations of time-specific samples of the succession. In 13 of the 18 illustrated cases, the midsuccessional samples, owing to their higher species richness, were taxonomically more similar to all other pairwise samples, on the average, than early and late successional samples which were poorer in species. Variability in taxonomic composition is the norm for most periods of the succession; however, in 17 of the 23 cases, some successional periods (particularly endpoint samples) revealed no changes in arthropod species composition (= matching sample-pairs). When applied to medicolegal cases, it is suggested that data sets with large fractions of matching sample-pairs should produce wider-ranging PMI estimates, on the average, than data sets with smaller fractions of matching sample-pairs. Third, Monte Carlo simulation was applied to each of the 23 assemblages to test specific hypotheses about community-wide patterns of arthropod visitation times on nonhuman carcasses. Simulation results revealed that arthropod residence times in the majority of cases (13 or 56%) followed a "clumped" succession model, whereas, the remaining 10 cases (44%) showed a more "uniform" spacing pattern of residence times on carcasses. Comparison of species accumulation curves for observed and simulated data further revealed that among the 13 "clumped" cases, most (9 or 69%) followed a "clumped, early" model (rather than "clumped, midterm" or "clumped, late" models).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serological and entomological study on yellow fever in Sierra Leone].

In a serological and entomological survey on yellow fever carried out in Sierra-Leone in 1972, altogether 899 sera from children 0 to 14 years were tested with 12 antigens by haemagglutination-inhibition and complement fixation tests. Mouse neutralization test with yellow fever, West-Nile and Zika viruses were also performed on selected sera. Generally speaking, the incidence of arboviruses is low but the prevalence of antibodies for some viruses was found to vary considerably between different areas. As regards yellow fever, the virus has recently been in circulation in only two areas: Bafodia and Lalehun-Labour Camp and there is no risk for a yellow fever outbreak to occur in the near future. Due to the shortness of the survey, entomological prospections were confined to a search for Ae. aegypti larvae in and around dwellings: no breeding places are found in houses and Breteau indices are usually low, especially in forest villages. On the other hand, in urban settlements in the mining areas, breeding places around houses are numerous and are bound to increase in number. All the conditions necessary for the outbreak of an epidemic would be present within few years: such a situation would appear in Labour Camp where yellow fever virus has been circulating, where most of the population has no immunity and where Breteau indice goes as high as 34.4. As regards the other arboviruses, Zika virus is active in most areas and Chikungunya virus is particularly active in the plateau and savanna zones, in the North-East.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary results of an entomological survey of the potential arbovirus vectors in the French Territory of Afars and Issas].

The preliminary results of an entomological survey of the potential arbovirus vectors in the French Territory of Afars and Issas are exposed. 25 culicid species were recorded, specially Anopheles gambiae, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, C. univittatus, C. pipiens fatigans, Aedes caspius, Ae. vittatus, Ae. arabiensis. Ae. aegypti larvae were collected on a dhow arriving in Djibouti. 5 species of ticks and 4 sandfly speices were also recorded. The epidemiological modalities of certain arboviroses in this territory are discussed, depending on these entomological data and the uniterrupted travelling of local populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Myiasis in otorhinolaryngology with entomological aspects.

Maggot infestation in a series of 100 cases pertaining to the E.N.T. domain is reported. The Entomological aspects were studied in 20 cases. The clinical features of myiasis have been described. This disease commonly occurs in diseased nasal and ear cavities which allow maggots to grow. The use of maggot oil drops and irrigation with normal saline provides an effective treatment. Prevention of maggot infestation is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Coastal urban malaria in Cotonou (Republic of Benin). Entomological study].

A one year entomological was carried out the survey in the coastal town of Cotonou to study the urban transmission of malaria. Three representative areas of Cotonou were chosen. The method adopted concerned night catches on human bait and dissection of A. gambiae s.l. The density of the vector (A. gambiae s.l.) fluctuated with the level of urbanization of the areas the annual aggressivity rates reached 1179 in the town center, 3666 in an the outskirts and 3363 in intermediate areas. Mean sporozoitic index was 1.7% and corresponding annual inoculation rate 46. In center of the town, transmission is seasonal and short, with a very high level. Sporozoitic index is 12% and the corresponding inoculation rate is 1.02. Outside of the town, transmission is seasonal and long: lasting 8 months. Transmission is imperceptible in the middle of the dry season and at the beginning of the long rain season. Malaria transmission into urban areas is generally low but in coastal like zones Cotonou, the intensity may be higher.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An entomological survey on the mosquitoes of Wuvulu Island, Papua-New Guinea.

An entomological survey in Wuvulu Island, Papua New Guinea, in August 1975 and 1976 shows the presence of six mosquito species: Aedes (S.) hebrideus, AE. (F.) notoscriptus, AE. (V.) lineatus, ? Ae. (L.) dasyorrhus, Culex pipiens fatigans and Armigeres breinli. The medical significance of these mosquitoes is discussed, with special reference to the problem of dengue virus transmission.

Aedes↗
PubMed1979

Bancroftian filariasis in a Philippine village: entomological findings.

Bancroftian filariasis in an isolated Philippine village has been intensively investigated; this paper reports the entomological findings. Surveys were carried out six months apart in the driest and wettest months. Significant transmission was demonstrated only during the wet season. Aedes poicillius was the major vector of Wuchereria bancrofti. Ae. poicilius accounted for 58% of larvae found in the axils of banana plants and 31% of those in abaca axils; negligible numbers of larvae of this species were found in pandanus and gabi axils. Mosquitoes were collected from indoor harbourages twice weekly for five weeks during the wet season; 615 mosquitoes were caught of which 80% were Ae. poicilius and 9% were Culex quinquefasciatus. 11% of the former and 13% of the latter contained filariae; whereas all stages of development were seen in Ae. poicilius, no development beyond the first stage was seen in Cx. quinquefasciatus. Human bait trapping was used for 110 manhours; 371 mosquitoes were caught of which 58% were Ae. poicilius and 24% were Culex summorosus. Filarial larvae were seen only in Ae. poicilius; 3.7% of mosquitoes were positive and all stages of filarial development were seen. The mean landing/biting rate between 1900 and 0500 hours was 3.37 mosquitoes per man-hour with a maximum of almost seven mosquitoes per man-hour at midnight. Overall, 2.26% of vectors collected in the human studies were infective. There was an average of 3.38 third-stage larvae per infective mosquito. The efficiency of transmision was estimated as 6.1 x 10-5, or one new case of microfilaraemia for every 16, 400 bites by infective mosquitoes in the village population. In contrast to the human studies, large numbers of mosquitoes were caught by animal bait trapping in both the wet and dry seasons. The distribution of mosquito species was similar in the two seasons. Ae. poicillius represented only 1.0-1.5% of all mosquitoes seen. No filarial larvae were seen. It was concluded that transmission of filariasis in the village was inefficient and postulates were advanced to explain the increased intensity and severity of filariasis inmen as compared to women.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Epidemic dengue hemorrhagic fever in rural Indonesia. III. Entomological studies.

Entomological studies were carried out during a dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Central Java in December 1976. Both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were widely distributed in Bantul, but the latter species was more abundant. Comparative studies on the vector competence of the two species showed that Ae. albopictus had a higher susceptibility than Ae. aegypti to oral infection with all four dengue serotypes. The two species were equally compentent in transmitting the Bantul strain of dengue 3 virus after parenteral infection. The data suggest that Ae. albopictus could have been an important vector in this epidemic, but no direct observations were obtained to define the respective contribution of either Ae. albopictus or Ae. aegypti.

Aedes↗
PubMed1979

Entomological aspects of the first five years of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River Basin.

The history and structure of the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River Basin are described. An outline of the vector control operations is given, and the techniques and organisation of the entomological evaluation network are described in detail. During the course of the evaluation and related studies undertaken between November 1974 and October 1978 almost 1.2 million S. damnosum females have been taken in over 52,000 man days of catching, and 674,000 flies were dissected. An assessment based on this effort using Annual Biting Rates and Annual Transmission Potentials shows that the transmission of O. volvulus has been reduced to below a defined maximum permissible level over most of the central part of the Programme Area. The difficulties encountered in the remainder, and at certain problem sites are outlined and relevant data given. The benefits to be expected from extending the area further southwards and the possibilities of later reductions in control activity are discussed.

Africa, Western↗