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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[In vitro susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria to streptomycin, kanamycin and enviomycin].

In vitro susceptibility testing to streptomycin, kanamycin and enviomycin was carried out in nontuberculous mycobacteria and the results were compared with those of M. tuberculosis strains. Among nontuberculous mycobacteria tested, only M. xenopi strains exhibited similar minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to streptomycin with M. tuberculosis strains. On the other hand, M. xenopi, M. malmoense and M. marinum strains showed the same MIC values to kanamycin with the MIC values for M. tuberculosis strains. The MICs of enviomycin for M. kansasii, M. malmoense, M. szulgai, M. xenopi and M. marinum strains were similar to those for M. tuberculosis strains. Out of 64 strains of M. avium complex, the MIC value similar to that for M. tuberculosis strains was shown in 16% of strains to streptomycin, in 42% of strains to kanamycin, and in 50% of strains to enviomycin.

Enviomycin↗
PubMed1989

Superiority of enviomycin or streptomycin over ethambutol in initial treatment of lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex.

The rate of sputum conversion (continuously negative cultures for six months or more) was compared among four regimens given to 83 patients with moderately advanced, cavitary lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex untreated previously. The regimens of rifampin + isoniazid + enviomycin and rifampin + isoniazid + streptomycin appeared to be superior to the regimen of rifampin + isoniazid + ethambutol. No statistically significant difference was observed between the regimens rifampin + isoniazid + enviomycin and rifampin + isoniazid + streptomycin.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1990

[Bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex strains].

Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAI complex) strains were determined. The susceptibility testings were made in Ogawa egg medium, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined as the lowest concentration of drugs, in which the growth of 20 to 100 colony-forming units was completely inhibited. The MICs correspond to the MICs that can inhibit the growth of 95 to 99% of bacterial population. Bactericidal activity was determined in a modified Dubos liquid medium (1.3 g of Dubos TB Broth Base were dissolved in 180 ml of distilled water and this solution was supplemented by 20 ml of bovine serum). A one ml-sample of bacterial suspensions (10 mg wet weight per ml) was added to 9 ml of the Dubos liquid medium, and the medium was incubated at 37 degrees C for 0, 1, 3 and 7 days under shaking condition (56 strokes per minute; 8 cm amplitude). The bactericidal activity was measured as the number of colony-forming units contained in a 0.02 ml-sample of the medium. The bactericidal activities of rifampicin and ethambutol were weak or absent even in strains 13008 and 13016, which were very susceptible to all four drugs. However, the bactericidal activities of streptomycin and enviomycin could be observed in these strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1986

Clinical investigation of vestibular damage by antituberculous drugs.

Vestibular function testing was done regularly on the cases given streptomycin, kanamycin, or enviomycin and a method to detect the cases of vestibular dysfunction at an early stage was discussed, as well as the time these drugs should be discontinued. Subjects were 85 cases of tuberculosis treated with streptomycin, kanamycin, or enviomycin who were admitted to our hospital from December 1984 to May 1986. The method of equilibrium examination performed at regular intervals is as follows: standing test (Romberg test), stepping test, and Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test were done once a week for a month after starting antituberculous injections and they were re-examined once every 2 weeks for at least 3 months after beginning the injections. After the 3 months these tests were done once a month. Eight cases of vestibular damage due to streptomycin or enviomycin could be easily detected at an early stage by performing Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test, together with the standing test and the stepping test. Vestibular dysfunction is apt to occur after about 1 month or within a month from the start of daily injections especially with streptomycin. Therefore, the method of equilibrium examination, we suggest, is that the Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test, the standing test (Romberg test), and the stepping test should be performed once a week during the first month after the start of this drug. When the result of the Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test is less than 50% and swaying and/or rotation occur in the stepping test, the drugs being given should be discontinued.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Investigation of vestibular damage by antituberculous drugs.

Vestibular function testing was performed regularly on patients who were administered streptomycin, kanamycin, or enviomycin, and vestibular damage was detected at an early stage, and quantitatively. We investigated the point in time at which the therapy should be discontinued. Subjects consisted of 204 cases of tuberculosis treated with streptomycin, kanamycin, enviomycin. They were admitted to the hospital between December 1984 and August 1989. Twenty-eight cases of vestibular dysfunction due to streptomycin, kanamycin, and enviomycin could easily be detected at an early stage by performing Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test for the evaluation of jumbling, together with Romberg's test and the stepping test. All cases who had vestibular dysfunction completely recovered because of early detection. In addition, 7 cases recovered afterwards from temporary vestibular damage shown only in Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test (abnormality of vestibulo-ocular reflex was only detected and vestibulo-spinal reflex remained intact), despite continuation of streptomycin injection. When the results of the head-shaking test are less than 50% and when a sway and/or rotation in the stepping test occurs, the injections should be discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Chemotherapeutic regimens for nontuberculous mycobacterial infection based on in-vitro susceptibility test results].

Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection should be carried out by the chemotherapeutic regimens most suitable for each species. We performed in-vitro susceptibility tests for various species and determined the probability in which the mycobacteria of each species are inhibited by blood concentrations attainable by the dosages usually used. From such determinations, the following regimens have been recommended: 1) M. avium-M. intracellulare complex, Rifampicin + Enviomycin + Ethambutol; 2) M. kansasii, Ofloxacin + Enviomycin + Rifampicin; 3) M. szulgai, Enviomycin - Ethambutol + Isoniazid; 4) M. fortuitum, Ofloxacin. The effectiveness of the treatment of the infection caused by M. avium complex is less than 15% even using the above regimen, while it is high in the treatment of infections caused by M. kansasii and M. szulgai. There are no effective regimens for the treatment of infection caused by M. chelonae or M. simiae. The above recommendations are useful in practice, because, at present, reliable susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria is not yet done commonly.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗