PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Epidemiology--statistics”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-epidemiological statistical analysis and surgical considerations in Hodgkin's disease].

Following a discussion on the new acquisitions in the field of medicine and surgery concerning the malignant lymphogranuloma, the authors present a clinico-epidemiological study of 228 patients. Thus a series of known elements are confirmed, while others are infirmated by statistical data presented. More ample discussions are necessary to be carried out on this basis, concerning the real benefit of surgical possibilities when aplied in the treatment of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Alcohol and safety in street traffic--investigations in epidemiology and the approximation of traffic laws in Europe].

After an introductory presentation of the problem-complex, "Alcohol and Road Traffic Safety", and the past history of a danger-limiting value of 0.5%, the paper gives an extensive overview of the meaning, the development and the possibilities of an epidemiology (with statistics) of alcohol delinquency in road traffic. The various measures employed in different European countries for the combatting and punishment of "Alcohol in Road Traffic" as a cause of accidents will be thoroughly considered, and the necessary steps to be taken in the area of legislation, intensity of prosecution and penal sanctions will be pointed out. Our own epidemiological-statistical investigations with the cooperation of 28 further European institutes record the total distribution and the relative distribution of the blood alcohol concentration of listed road users and those listed who had been drinking, for the 2nd halve of 1989, in the institutes, governments and governmental groups taking part in the study. Thereby result characteristic frequency profiles with an assured tendency, and relative estimated numbers of unknown cases (beneath a BAC of 1%) as definite evidence of differing limiting value- and traffic surveillance-efficiency in various regions of Europe. The final conclusion will be drawn that the height of the limiting value alone is not able to make decisive contribution to an improvement in road traffic safety if the highly variable relativity of limiting value-efficiency is not considered at the same time, and complex, closely connected accompanying measures as an adjunct to legislation and the administration of justice are not carried out. Recommendations will be formulated concerning this matter. Further epidemiological-statistical analyses of the problem "Alcohol and Road Traffic Safety" are being prepared in cooperation with 16 European institutes and will be put together in a 2nd part of this multicenter study for T 92 (The 12th Conference of the International Committee on Alcohol, Drugs and Road-Safety in Cologne, 28. September-2. October 1992).

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic screening of early esophageal cancer with the Lugol dye method in patients with head and neck cancers.

The poor prognosis for esophageal cancer could be improved if lesions were detected at an early stage. To detect early esophageal cancer, endoscopic screening of the esophagus with the Lugol dye method was performed in patients with head and neck cancers who were asymptomatic but regarded as being at high risk for synchronous or metachronous esophageal cancer. Of 178 patients screened, 9 had esophageal cancer (5.1%). Eight of these patients (89%) were at early stages with no lymph node metastasis. Most of the lesions (9 of 13 lesions) were not detectable by barium studies or ordinary endoscopic study. The epidemiologic statistical analysis of the patients confirmed that they had a significantly high observed and expected number (O/E) ratio (39.7; P less than 0.001). These results demonstrate the value of endoscopic screening of the esophagus with the Lugol dye method in patients with head and neck cancers and imply that endoscopic screening with the Lugol dye method may be useful for detecting early esophageal cancer in individuals at risk for other causes.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The epidemiology of bovine dermatophilosis in Zambia.

Bovine dermatophilosis (Senkobo disease) has been reported annually in Zambia for many years. However, its epidemiology under Zambian conditions had never been adequately studied. Officially the disease has never been recognized as being of any economic consequence. A field study was designed and conducted from August to December 1986, to provide estimates of epidemiological statistics and other factors for the period January 1985 to December 1986 in four districts. These districts supported approximately 28% of the national cattle herd. The study was conducted in communally grazed herds as the disease was reportedly of little significance in commercial herds. A total of 365 herds containing 22,344 head of cattle were inspected and the owners interviewed; 286 herds (78.4%) and 1114 cattle (5.0%) were found to be affected. Rainy weather, vegetation type such as grass savannah, woodland savannah and thorny bush, ticks and biting flies were indicated as important factors in the appearance and course of dermatophilosis in Zambia.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1989

Bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, south India: 2. Epidemiological evaluation of the effect of vector control.

This article examines the evaluation of a bancroftian filariasis control programme undertaken in Pondicherry from 1981-5. Integrated vector management was applied in one half of the town, and routine operations under the national programme (larviciding and chemotherapy) continued in the comparison area. The programme was evaluated by monitoring relative change in the epidemiological statistics of both populations. The results indicate that there was significant reduction in prevalence of microfilaraemia in juveniles in the controlled area. An apparent reduction in intensity of microfilaraemia was also observed but this was a consequence of the reduction in prevalence, since the density of microfilariae remained unchanged. The results suggest that primary constraints on the epidemiological evaluation of the vector control of filarasis are the longevity and the population characteristics of the parasite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[HELLP syndrome--metamorphosis of pre-eclampsia].

During an eight year period, 100 patients with the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome were treated at the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of 2 University Hospitals (Technische Universität München and Universität Göttingen). The clinical treatment concepts, which were used in common at the two hospitals, are presented and differ from the common clinical management of pre-eclampsia. The results and therapy concepts are compared and critically reviewed. In recent years, the number of diagnoses and cases of HELLP syndrome has been increasing. Case reports, epidemiological statistics and maternal and perinatal mortality rates indicate a change of the "Gestalt" of preeclampsia due to the HELLP syndrome and its complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Dangerousness and commitment of the mentally disordered in the United States.

This article describes recent developments in mental health laws in the United States, especially as they relate to uses of the concept of "dangerousness" in the civil and criminal commitment of the mentally ill. In addition to providing a brief overview of the U.S. legal system and noting the importance of the Rule of Law, we review the historical development and current status of the relevant laws, provide some basic epidemiological statistics, and refer to some of the considerable body of extant empirical research in the field.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1988

Instruction in research-related topics in U.S. and Canadian medical schools.

The authors conducted a study to collect information on the teaching of research-related topics at medical schools. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to appropriate administrators of all accredited United States, Canadian, and Puerto Rican medical schools that asked for information on courses offered in epidemiology, statistics, evaluation of medical literature, and research design. Ninety-seven percent of the medical schools responded to the questionnaire. All but one of the 139 respondents reported offering formal instruction in at least one of the four topics; epidemiology and statistics were offered by 98 percent and 96 percent, respectively, of the responding schools. Training in evaluating medical literature was required by slightly less than half of the responding schools, and research methodology was required by one-third. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of such courses.

Canada↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiological and statistical aspects of the AIDS epidemic: introduction.

In 1988, a government working party studied estimates of incidence and prevalence of numbers of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases. They investigated a series of epidemiological, statistical and mathematical problems associated with predicting trends in incidences of AIDS. This paper introduces a series of papers that give a fuller and more technical exposition of the appendixes of that working party report. The papers provide a brief background to the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology of the infection and the disease; a deterministic model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in the male homosexual community in England and Wales is introduced. Back-projection methods are studied in two papers, following the distribution of the incubation period of the disease. The concept of minimum size of the epidemic is introduced. Mathematical functions to describe the spread of HIV infection are refined by using past trends in the incidence of AIDS to estimate values for some parameters. Survival times for AIDS patients from the point of diagnosis are considered and evidence for changes in male homosexual sexual behaviour is studied; lag-time from the point of diagnosis to the report of the case is also examined. There is a comparative analysis of the AIDS epidemic in various European countries. The incubation period of HIV in patients with haemophilia A and B infections and the problems associated with making predictions for different at-risk groups or small subgroups based on geographical area are discussed. Reasons for fluctuation between the number of reported cases from month to month are provided.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1976

[Community medicine at the faculty of medicine at Tromsø].

About 17 per cent of the whole period of the medical study at Tromsø is devoted to training in community medicine, which is combined with the other medical courses and spread out over the whole period. Courses include medical sociology, general and social medicine, psychiatry-psychology, epidemiology-statistics and preventive medicine. The students meet patients undergoing care at an early stage in the training, and work in groups with individual patients.

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemiologic aspects of a new approach to monitoring hygienic food handling using the hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) system].

The hitherto used traditional control of food hygiene focused on assessment whether the controlled sanitary and technological practice is consistent with requirements of regulations sometimes comprises also details of minor importance. To put it briefly, in the course of the production process are many check-up points, but only some or possibly only one is a critical control point. Moreover, by periodic supervision the hygienist is able to record the hygienic and technological state typical only for the time of control. Microbiological examination of final products can reveal only negative sequelae of microbial processes; it does not provide information on the conditions of contamination nor ensure protection against it. For these and other reasons the conclusion is reached that the hitherto used traditional approach of the hygiene supervision is not quite effective and must be replaced by a more active approach focused on the control of factors threatening the wholesomeness already during the production process. The new approach to supervision of food hygiene is the HACCP system (hazard analysis critical control points). The system works rationally as it is based on analysis of systematically assembled data on the causes and conditions which evoked the illness of the consumers by food products or meals. HACCP can be described as prompt, as health or quality problems are revealed immediately after their genesis during production or processing and are eliminated immediately. The system is also comprehensive as it comprises not only the basic technological process incl. processing or modification of ingredients but takes into account also the handling of the given food product after termination of production and in particular final culinar processing. The system can be applied to all pathogenic agents transmitted by foods to man from bacteria and their toxins, viruses, parasites, moulds and mycotoxins, biotoxins but also contaminants and radionuclides. The system requires reliable epidemiological statistics of alimentary infections and intoxications and in practice the participation of an epidemiologist, hygienist and food technologist.

Food Handling↗
PubMed1992

Computerised neonatal case records: a four year experience.

A computerized system for neonatal case records has been used for the last four years at Kasturba Hospital. The software was developed in-house. The data base can be used to generate discharge summaries, neonatal statistics and epidemiological information. For a single patient, entry of data and printing of the discharge summary takes four to five minutes. Consolidated demographic and epidemiological statistics or selective clinical data for clinical research is easily retrievable. The system is efficient, accurate and easy to operate.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis-polymyalgia rheumatica: a critical review.

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis G.C.(T) A. is common disorder and affects medium sized and large arteries in people over the age of fifty. Many series show that up to 50% of people with the clinical syndrome of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) go on to develop manifestations of G.C.(T) A. within a year; others may do so later. A critical review is offered of aspects of the subject which despite much study and research remain controversial or neglected. This includes epidemiology: statistics from routine autopsy suggests that the disease affects more people than are diagnosed clinically. The need to resolve uncertainty whether intracerebral vessels are involved or not, is now urgent, particularly in view of the wide spread use of short courses of Dexamethasone in the treatment of stroke. All clinicians should recognise the implications of the fact that they are dealing with a disease which may be active and yet symptomatically silent.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Creation and management of a data bank in oncologic radiotherapy].

Clinical, scientific and technological development has greatly widened the scope and range of oncological radiotherapy. As for database management, favorable conditions come from new available hardware and software facilities and from well-consolidated and universally accepted classifications. The authors' aim was to create and to verify an original database management system for oncological radiotherapy, proved with internationally accepted classifications and directly interfaced to a new package for clinical and epidemiological statistics. An ordinary personal computer was used and a 802-subject statistics was analyzed relative to 1987-1988 series from the Istituto del Radio "O. Alberti", General Hospital and University - Radiotherapy Department, Brescia, Italy. The system seems to be suitable for routine use as well as for research, with good potentials for multicentric use.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1989

A model for prediction of endometrial cancer.

An epidemiological statistical model was designed to identify women at low and high risk of developing endometrial cancer (EC). The model was based on a number of easily identified clinical factors such as hirsutism, parity, diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI) and smoking. A retrospectively collected series of 77 women aged 31 to 45 years with EC and a prospectively collected series of 122 women aged 43 to 70 years with EC were compared with 1409 controls. The participation frequencies in the two case materials were 83 and 87%, respectively. The series were examined by means of a questionnaire. In a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis of the entire series the following variables were found to be significant; hirsutism, parity, BMI, diabetes mellitus and smoking.

Adult↗