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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Particular features of the innervation of taste buds of the epiglottis in monkeys.

The work is devoted to the study of the structure of the innervation apparatus of taste buds in the epiglottis of monkeys (Macacus rhesus). The Campos inpregnation method was used. It is established that several afferent myelinated fibers participate in the innervation of each taste bud of the epiglottis. The peculiarity of structure of their preterminal and terminal parts having the appearance of complex windings and spirals is noted. The polyaxonic principle of the innervation of taste buds of the epiglottis in monkeys is considered as a possible mechanism of generalization of the afferent impulses. It is suggested that the innervation apparatus of the taste buds of the epiglottis constitutes part of unique afferent system of this organ, ensuring its defensive function. The incongruity (from the histophysiological standpoint) of the term 'taste bud' in relation to the epiglottis is noted. It is proposed to call these formations special structures of the chemo-receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Epiglottis acuta treated with nasotracheal intubation.

Twenty children, ranging in age from 1--9 years, and one adult suffering from epiglottis acuta were treated with nasotracheal intubation performed under general anaesthesia and with ampicillin. Clinical cure was obtained in all cases with a mean intubation time of 34 hours. The diagnosis, epiglottis acuta, was suspected by the referring physician in 10 cases. The incidence of epiglottis acuta compared to laryngitis acuta was found to be 1:30. The mean hospital stay was 5.4 days. It is concluded that treatment of acute epiglottis by nasotracheal intubation in the hands of experienced anaesthesiologists and with close observation in an intesnive care unit, is a safe method of management with negligible morbidity and mortality.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Postnatal descent of the epiglottis in man. A preliminary report.

The function of the epiglottis in adult man is unclear. However, during early infancy the epiglottic cartilage appears to play an important role in separating the upper respiratory tract from the upper digestive tract. This separation is accomplished by approximation of the epiglottis to the palate, providing a continuous airway from the nose through the larynx into the trachea. This structural arrangement, however, is uniquely lost in man during postnatal development. Maturational descent of the epiglottis, found to occur between 4 and 6 months of age, is verified by cineradiography. This structural change, requiring a reorganization of respiratory function, represents a discrete developmental event manifesting the potential for oral tidal respiration from a pattern of obligate nasal breathing. This period, four to six months postnatally, interestingly coincides with the peak incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (crib death), which similarly occurs at 3 to 5 months of age.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

Bifid epiglottis: a rare laryngeal anomaly.

Two cases of bifid epiglottis are presented: one with an associated laryngeal cyst and another with an associated cricoid stenosis. The occurrence of multiple laryngeal anomalies in association with bifid epiglottis has not previously been described. The occurrence of an extra digit is noted to be statistically significant both in the current series and in a review of the literature. A brief review of the embryologic classification and staging by the Carnegie System, and the correlation of the time sequence of development of the epiglottis is presented. No correlation is made as to the mechanism of the origin of this laryngeal anomaly, as adequate embryologic knowledge of the development of the pharynx is not available at this time.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomechanics of the human epiglottis.

The mechanism that folds the epiglottis down over the closed larynx in the course of swallowing has been unclear. Measurements of the force needed to fold the epiglottis in cadaver specimens exceed the estimated force available from the aryepiglottic muscle. Frame-by-frame analysis of cinefluorograms reveals that deglutitional epiglottic downfolding occurs at the time of maximal elongation of the hyoepiglottic ligament. The observations lead us to propose a conical model of epiglottic downfolding which also explains the conical shape of the epiglottis usual in early infancy. The infant shape may be part of a protective partially closed entrance adaptive to suckling, while maturational widening of the opening adapts to the growing respiratory demands of increasing physical exertion.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pleomorphic adenoma of the epiglottis: report of a case.

We describe the clinical and pathologic aspects of an unusual case of pleomorphic adenoma of the epiglottis. A 69-year-old man had impaired speech and a "lumpy sensation" in the throat. Following clinical evaluation and a diagnostic biopsy, the tumor was totally excised with excellent results. Pleomorphic adenoma of the larynx is most uncommon. To our knowledge, no report describing the clinical and pathologic features of this entity in the epiglottis or larynx has been previously reported. This is the only example of an epiglottic pleomorphic adenoma among 391 cases seen at Presbyterian-University Hospital and the Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh during a 21-year period.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Significance of site and nodal metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis.

One hundred twelve patients treated by surgery alone for squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis were retrospectively reviewed. The results showed: (1) 27 per cent of patients with N0 disease had microscopic nodal metastases; (2) 35 to 47 per cent of patients with N0 and N1 disease and histologically positive nodes (micrometastases) in the initial neck dissection developed contralateral nodal metastases; (3) 36.9 per cent of the patients who had nodal micrometastases (histologically positive) survived five years, as contrasted with 94.5 per cent of those who did not have node involvement; (4) 53.2 per cent of the patients who had nodal metastases in one neck and 16 per cent of those who had metastases in both necks survived five years; (5) when the primary tumor in the epiglottis was located in the midline or there was bilateral supraglottic involvement, 18 to 50 per cent of patients developed contralateral ("second") neck nodal metastases; (6) performing early elective contralateral ("second") neck dissection shortly after recovery from the initial surgery may improve survival of patients in whom either the "first" neck dissection showed microscopic nodal metastases and/or the primary tumor was located either in midline or there was bilateral supraglottic involvement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The function of the epiglottis in monkey and man.

In stumptail monkeys from birth to adulthood, and in very young human infants, the epiglottis serves to guide the larynx upwardly behind the soft palate so it can lock into the nasopharynx and remain there during respiration. After early infancy in man the attainment of a larynx-nasopharynx connection is uniquely lost, causing the epiglottis to have no essential function.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Herpes simplex of the epiglottis.

Herpes simplex commonly affects only the lips and oral cavity. We report a case of a herpetic lesion that appeared to be a carcinoma localized to the epiglottis. The lesion resolved spontaneously within a month. The diagnostic value of viral culture, serological testing, and immunofluorescence, as well as histopathological evaluation is assessed, and a brief review of upper-respiratory tract herpetic disease is presented.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1976

The elastic cartilage in the normal rat epiglottis. I. Fine structure.

Chondrocytes of the rat epiglottis contain large amounts of glycogen and lipids, which often make the cells resemble fat cells. The content of lipids is interpreted as being related to the function of the cells. The membranes of some of the large vacuoles are stained with ruthenium red. The cells give rise to long cytoplasmic processes. As in hyaline cartilage the intercellular substance consists of a fine network containing proteoglycan granules together with thicker cross striated fibers. Furthermore elastic fibers are found, consisting of amorphous and microfibrillar parts. In the matrix, both lysosome-like granules and more or less empty vesicles are observed. Accumulations of a finely particulate electron dense material and of a translucent amorphous material containing membrane bound granules are found in some lacunae situated in the outer part of the cartilage. These accumulations are possibly related to the development of collagenous and elastic fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Scanning electron microscopy studies concerning the epiglottis epithelia of rats (author's transl)].

The epithelial surface of the epiglottis in adult male and female albino rats is studied by scanning electron microscopy. Prominent differences exist between the surface morphology as observed in the males and that observed in the females sacrificed in the estrus phase of the ovarial cycle. The differences are most pronounced in respect to the amount of secretory vesicles, microvilli- and microridge-cells and in respect to the observable number of desquamating cells. The existence and the importance of the microridge-cells are discussed. Special attention is also paid to the results indicating that at least some parts of the extrapulmonary airway epithelia act as possible target organs for sex hormones. Finally the importance of the observed differences is discussed for the correct interpretation of pathomorphological alterations in the extrapulmonary airway epithelia that have been observed under experimental conditions and during infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The enlarged epiglottis.

Three children are presented with radiologic evidence of epiglottic enlargement who did not have acute epiglottitis. The radiological and clinical differentiation of these entities (angioneurotic edema, foreign body, and chronic epiglottitis) are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the epiglottis and rectum.

A case of gastric heteropia of the glossoepiglottic region in a 13-day-old girl is described. In addition to fundic-type mucosa, all main parts of the gastric wall were present. An additional case of gastric heteropia in the rectum was found in a 14-year-old boy. The mucosa was lined with a muscularis mucosae. Adjacent to this ectopia was a large peptic ulcer. Previoisly reported cases of gastric heterotopias are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Approach and reconstruction in the operative treatment of tumors of the tongue, epiglottis, floor of the mouth and pharynx].

This paper explains a new way of a temporary splitting of the lower jaw and the reconstruction of the tongue and the floor of the mouth. The described way of the temporary splitting of the lower jaw allows to maintain the nerve and results in better suppositions for the reposition and osteosynthesis. For the reconstruction of the tongue and the floor of the mouth, an island flap is reommended. The flap consists of the musculus sternocleidomastoideus, pedicled inferiorly in its cranial part of the skin. The skin taking extends over the insertion of the muscle up to the beginning of the hairy part. With this flap it is possible to cover even large defects in the floor of the mouth and its taking does scarcely bother the patient. Thus, in many cases the flap gives the suppositions to maintain the lower jaw.

Epiglottis↗