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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Epilepsy in children. An etiological study based on their obstetrical records.

Events which might have a casual significance for epilepsy were collected from the obstetrical case reports of 100 epileptic children who were born in four hospitals in a large town. 100 healthy children of the same age, who had been born in the same hospitals, served as a control group. The differences were worked out by means of the Chi square test and where small numbers were involved the Yates theory was used. It indicated that some possibilities of damage (e.g. higher age of the mother at birth, toxemia of pregnancy, premature birth, heavy weight at birth) are important either with respect to all patients or to the different types of attacks, whereas other factors (e.g. abnormal positions, instrumental delivery, coiling of the umbilical cord) whose roles are likewise never usually doubted, can be neglected. Exogenous reactions were found most frequently in the case of patients with grand mal and focal attacks, although, as was expected, they were missing in patients with absences, whose main genetic nature is known. It is pointed out that only with extreme caution may the various possibilities of damage be found responsible for epilepsy in children in general or for the individual types of attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Simultaneous recording of pupillary hippus and EEG. Report of a case.

Pupillary hippus was observed and recorded in a man of 44 years, who had epileptic seizures, chronic alcoholism with liver disease and Primidon intoxication, during a period of unconsciousness of 24 h. During this time the simultaneous records of the EEG and pupillogram over a long period of time revealed that the basic EEG rhythm and hippus had the same frequency. Both recordings were temporarily in phase, time-locked, and could be blocked by painful and acoustic stimuli. The etiology and interpretation of hippus are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Conditioned EEG desynchronization and seizure occurrence in patients.

Five patients with seizures poorly controlled by standard anticonvulsant medication, underwent EEG operant conditioning. The operant paradigm reinforced the production of low voltage fast activity while decreasing frequencies below 10 c/sec. Seizure frequency decreased in 2 patients, seizure severity was attenuated in 2 others, and one patient who was only given reinforecement for scalp EMG suppression whowed no change in seizure parameters. Pseudoconditioning and control periods ruled out placebo effects. A rationale for this phenomenon is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Temporal organization of paroxysmal discharges in the child. I. Biotelemetric recordings during wakefulness].

Based on telemetric recordings performed on 6 children, a study of the time distribution of intra-clinical paroxysmal discharges was carried out. It was tested whether this distribution is stochastic, and if not so, whether is depends upon an internal biological rhythm or upon environmental and behavioural factors. The times of occurrence of paroxysmal discharges, generalized and/or focal or partial, were located by visual inspection, and fed into a computer for statistical evaluation. Discharges and intervals were thus quantified for the overall recording time, for one situation or for groups of situations; the chronological distribution of discharges during successive 300 sec epochs was also computed. In all the cases, the discharge density varied from one moment to the next, but not in random fashion: the hypothesis of an internal modulation of the discharges was verified in some specific cases, more often, the changes in the discharge chronology seemed to be related to modifications of psychophysiological states observed during the successive experimental situations. The factors involved, namely, alertness, specific attention, stress, posture, etc., seemed to play a different role in each case; no simple correlation with the topography of discharges could be established. One explanation does not exclude the other: modulation of the discharges by biological rhythms could at any time be masked by variations due to environmental factors and to the subject's specific reaction to the latter. This type of study presents considerable methodological and interpretative difficulties which tend to emphasize individual differences rather than allowing to draw general laws.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Hyperuricaemic acute renal failure after epileptic seizures.

Seven patients admitted to hospital during or immediately after status epilepticus or recurrent episodes of grand-mal seizures had very high concentrations of uric acid in their blood at a time when the blood-urea was normal in five of them. The blood-lactic-acid was high in the five patients in whom it was measured. All of the patients developed reversible renal failure, and two required haemodialysis. The blood-uric-acid should be measured in patients who have had prolonged seizures, and the measures which might be taken in hyperuricaemic patients to prevent the development of acute renal failure include rehydration, alkalinisation of urine, and, where alkalinisation is impossible, haemodialysis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

One drug (phenytoin) in the treatment of epilepsy.

Thirty-one, previously untreated, adult outpatients with idiopathic or focal grand-mal and/or focal minor seizures were treated initially with phenytoin. Serum-phenytoin concentrations were monitored to achieve an optimum range of 10-20 mug/ml if necessary. With a mean duration of follow-up of 14-7 months, only three (10%) patients have required the addition of a second drug, although without the guidance of serum concentrations sixteen (54%) might have been treated with a further drug. In the optimum serum-phenytoin range only 1 grand-mal attack occurred in this series, compared with a mean pre-treatment grand-mal seizure-rate of 1-1/month. Serum phenytoin declined slowly in fourteen (45%) patients. These observations suggest that many epileptic patients could be satisfactorily treated with one drug instead of the polypharmacy which they usually receive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Drug treatment of epilepsy.

The difficulties of the drug treatment of epilepsy include the high prevalence of the disorder, poor prognosis, prolonged multidrug treatment, chronic toxicity, and uncertainty of the relative efficacy and toxicity of individual anticonvulsants. These problems are reviewed in relation to recent knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of the drugs, the application of which offers the possibility of a more simple, rational, and effective approach to therapy. There is considerable potential for monotherapy assisted by drug-level monitoring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Natural history of lactic acidosis after grand-mal seizures. A model for the study of an anion-gap acidosis not associated with hyperkalemia.

To define the time course of the metabolic acidosis that follows a single grand-mal seizure, we obtained serial blood samples from eight consecutive patients. Immediately after a seizure, the mean (+/- S.E.M.) venous lactate concentration was 12.7 +/- 1.0 meq per liter, the mean carbon dioxide content 17.1 +/- 1.1 mmol per liter, and the mean arterial pH 7.14 +/- 0.06. Sixty minutes later their values were 6.6 +/- 0.7 meq per liter (P less than 0.005), 23.6 +/- 1.1 mmol per liter (P less than 0.005) and 7.38 +/- 0.04 (P less than 0.005) respectively. The spontaneous resolution of the acidosis was due, in large part, to the metabolism of lactate and to the concomitant removal of hydrogen ion. There was no change in the serum potassium concentration, despite the development of a severe systemic acidemia and the subsequent return to normal of the pH. We suggest that the patient with seizures may serve as a unique model of lactic acidosis.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain microvascular hemodynamic responses to induced seizures.

Arteriolar diameters and venular erythrocyte velocities in the small pial vessels on the surface of the cat brain were measured by TV methods during induced epileptic seizures through a cranial window. Grand mal seizures maximally dilated arterioles and increased venular erythrocyte velocity up to 400%. High positive correlation existed between changes in CSF hydrogen ion concentration and pial arteriolar diameter, suggesting metabolic regulation of CBF through CSF/interstitial fluid hydrogen ion alterations during the seizure.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a common disorder affecting approximately one in every two hundred people, from all walks of life, and presenting in addition to the seizure disorder itself, varying social, psychological and economic problems. A simple classification of epilepsy is described, and the concept of 'seizure threshold' introduced. Having diagnosed epilepsy, the need for investigation to separate the symptomatic epilepsies from idiopathic epilepsy is stressed. Accurate diagnosis of seizure type ensures that optimal therapy can be offered. The various drugs used to control epilepsy are discussed, and comments on the general management of the patient are offered.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1978

[Barbexaclone in the treatment of cerebral dysrhythmia].

Forty two patients (22 adults and 20 children or adolescents) with cerebral dysrithmia were included in a therapeutic trial using barbexaclone: 28 patients suffered from grand mal crises, 2 had associated GM and petit mal and 12 showed disturbances of behaviour without clinical crises. The patients were observed from 6 to 13 months. Four patients failed to complete the trial due to various side effects; 25 patients with GM and 11 with behaviour disturbances showed a very good response; two patients with associated petit mal failed to show any improvement. Side effects such as insomnia and irritability were seen in 8 patients. The authors concluded that barbexaclone is an excellent therapeutic agent in the treatment of grand mal and in patients with behaviour disturbances without convulsive crises.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[The coincidence of visceral lupus erythematosus and epilepsy].

It is reported on course and problems of the diagnosis of a lupus erythematodes visceralis with epilepsy. In the demonstrated case the initial stage was characterized by the nearly simultaneous appearance of relapsing arthritides and epilepsy. The diagnosis was made in the stage of an acute exacerbation with cardiac symptomatology which began after the medicamentous treatment with diphenylhydantoin. Up to this moment an oligosymptomatic lupus erythematodes visceralis had not yet been diagnosed. Anamnestic data and the laboratory-clinical findings of the further course of the disease proved the actual lupus erythematodes visceralis. It is referred to the necessity of an aimed anamnesis and a determination of the antinuclear factors before every application ofhydantoin derivations when an epilepsy and joint symptomatology are present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Acute lindane poisoning with development of muscle necrosis.

A 35-year-old man ingested food contaminated with lindane, an insecticide containing almost pure gamma hexachlorocyclohexane. Grand mal seizures and severe acidemia developed rapidly. The seizures recurred for nearly 2 hours, then ceased. In addition, the patient had muscle weakness and pain, headaches, episodic hypertension, myoglobinuria, acute renal failure and anemia. Pancreatitis developed 13 days after the ingestion of lindane. A muscle biopsy on the 15th day of illness demonstrated widespread necrosis and regeneration of muscle fibres. The patient's condition improved and he was discharged 24 days after the onset of his illness. During the year following the poisoning the patient noted difficulty with recent memory, loss of libido and easy fatigability. One year after lindane ingestion the results of physical examination, including those for muscle power and bulk, were normal.

Acute Disease↗