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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Synoviorthesis with erbium-169: a double-blind controlled comparison of erbium-169 with corticosteroid.

Intra-articular injections of erbium--169 citrate and methylprednisolone acetate in hand joints were compared in a randomly selected double-blind trial. The patients included 21 with rheumatoid arthritis and 3 with psoriatic arthritis, and the design was an intrapatient comparison. No difference between joints treated with the radioisotope or steroid was observed in the year following injection.

Arthritis↗

PubMed1990

Application of erbium: YAG laser in ocular ablation.

Recent developments in lasers have provided us the possibility of laser ocular surgery. The xenon, argon, neodymium:YAG and dye lasers have been successfully used in out-patient clinics. The excimer laser has been attracting researchers' interest in the new application of laser to cornea and lens. The erbium:YAG laser emits a 2.94-microns beam that can ablate the transparent ocular tissues such as lenses and corneas. The author has applied this laser to the cornea, lens, vitreous and other ocular tissues. The erbium:YAG laser beam was directed through a 1.5-meter-long, 200-microns-diameter fiberoptic guide. The radiant energy measured about 50 mJ at the end of the probe. The laser was emitted as a 400-microsecond pulse. Freshly enucleated rabbit eyes were used in this study. Laser burns were applied to the tissue surface at various energy settings. At minimal power, the tissues were coagulated by the erbium:YAG laser application. At a power of more than 636-954 mJ/mm2, tissue began to evaporate; the tissue loss was observed under a surgical light microscope. Corneal photoablation, lens ablation, iridotomy, trabeculotomy, cutting of the vitreous and retinal ablation were easily performed. Like the excimer laser, the erbium:YAG laser is a potential tool for ocular surgery.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Erbium filtration for dose reduction in dental radiography.

Previous work has suggested that rare-earth filtration of diagnostic X rays is an effective means of dose reduction in radiology. Erbium (atomic number 68) is particularly promising in this respect. The effects on the X-ray beam and surface dose of the addition of 0.1 mm of erbium foil to the conventional filtration of a GE1000 dental X-ray set were investigated. Filtration by 0.1 mm of erbium produced a beam of narrower spectrum, greater penetration but lower intensity than that filtered conventionally by aluminium alone. The overall dose reduction achieved in dental radiography was greater than 30% between 65 and 85 kVp with a maximum dose reduction of 42% at 65 kVp. The question of the cost-effectiveness of erbium filtration as a radiation protection measure is also addressed.

Erbium↗

PubMed1990

Comparison of the erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet and carbon dioxide lasers for in vitro bone and cartilage ablation.

The in vitro bone- and cartilage-ablation characteristics of the solid-state erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser were compared to those of the carbon dioxide laser. Ablations of fresh, frozen cadaver septal cartilage and maxillary sinus bone were performed using total energies between 1 and 6 J. Specimens were studied using hematoxylin and eosin stain and digitized, computer-assisted measurements of 35-mm photographs. Erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet-ablated bone averaged 5 microns of adjacent tissue thermal injury, compared with 67 microns with carbon dioxide-ablated bone. Erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet-ablated cartilage averaged 2 microns of adjacent tissue thermal injury, compared with 21 microns with the carbon dioxide-ablated cartilage. The tissue-ablation characteristics of the erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser are promising for future otolaryngologic applications.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1977

[Synoviorthesis of finger joints using erbium-169. Parameters influencing the clinical results at middle-term].

Synoviorthesis of the finger joint with erbium-169 is a beneficial therapeutic procedure which produces reduction of articular pain and swelling in 2/3 of cases. The effect is lasting and shows only slight regression during the first 24 months. However, if the rheumatoid disease is very active, or if the articular lesions are primarily erosive, the results are poorer. No correlation was found between therapeutic results and the radiological findings prior to 169E treatment. Erbium-169 reduces inflammation and leads to progressive articular fibrosis. Any chronic synovitis of interdigital joints resistant to appropriate conventional anti-inflammatory treatment may benefit from radio-synoviorthesis with erbium-169. Erbium-169 synoviorthesis is is technically easy to perform and free of side effects. It is a palliative measure which the authors consider a valuable complement to the classical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Ablation of bone and methacrylate by a prototype mid-infrared erbium:YAG laser.

An erbium:YAG laser was used to generate 200-microseconds pulses of mid-infrared 2.94-microns light in both the single and multimode configurations. Laser pulses were focused on the surfaces of both rabbit long bones and methacrylate blocks, and the tissue response was examined histologically. The depth of thermal injury was determined by ocular micrometry. Over all energy levels tested, the erbium:YAG laser produced ablation of bone and methacrylate with minimal thermal damage to adjacent tissue. Increasing the laser energy per pulse produced increasingly wider and deeper grooves in both bone and methacrylate. However, such increase in laser energy produced a proportionately greater increase in the zone of thermal injury in methacrylate as compared with bone. These studies suggest the feasibility of a surgical erbium:YAG laser in orthopaedics and other forms of ablative surgery.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

The use of added erbium filtration in intraoral radiography.

Using D and E speed film, intraoral exposures were made of a phantom at 70 and 90 kVp, with and without erbium filtration. Measurement of surface exposures indicates substantial reduction when erbium filtration was used. However, there was a visible loss of contrast. The raters agreed that radiographs made with E speed and D speed film, both with and without erbium filtration, were all of adequate diagnostic quality. The radiographs with the highest contrast were consistently preferred by all of the raters.

Erbium↗

PubMed1977

Double-blind study of erbium 169 injection (synoviorthesis) in rheumatoid digital joints.

A double-blind study of erbium 169 injection into rheumatoid digital joints was carried out with saline as control. 201 joints in 36 patients were studied (137 metacarpophalalangeal, 64 proximal interphalangeal). Erbium 169 was injected into 121 joints and saline water into 80 joints. Local injection of corticosteroids was given to both groups. A definite improvement was observed in 55% to 58% of cases with erbium 169 (+prednisolone acetate) and in 26% to 28% of cases with saline (+prednisolone acetate). The difference was highly significant.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed1979

Erbium--169 versus triamcinolone hexacetonide in the treatment of rheumatoid finger joints.

Erbium--169 was compared with triamcinolone hexacetonide in the topical treatment of 32 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Erbium--169 was injected into 83 and triamcinolone hexacetonide into 54 proximal interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints. Both treatments produced alleviation of joint pain and swelling and improvement of grip strength. At every check-up (1--18 months) the percentage of remissions was higher after triamcinolone hexacetonide injection than after erbium--169. The difference was significant at 1, 3, and 6 months.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Dose reduction by the use of erbium filtration in a general radiographic room.

The conventional aluminium filtration of a general purpose X-ray tube in a district general hospital was replaced by an erbium filter for a 2-month period. The resulting reduction in skin dose was measured for a number of examinations using thermoluminescent dosimetry. The change in effective dose equivalent was calculated from these measurements and compared with previous theoretical estimates. The use of the erbium filter had no effect on radiograph quality. It was concluded that the use of an erbium filter resulted in a worthwhile reduction in radiation dose, and was a cost-effective method of dose reduction.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1991

[The first experience with the concurrent effect of YAG-neodymium and YAG-erbium laser on experimental animal tissues and the possibility of its use in surgery].

To guarantee the necessary rate of cutting live tissues with adequate hemostasis along the line of the incision, the authors studied isolated and joint effect of radiations of AIG-neodymium and AIG-erbium lasers on the tissues of laboratory animals. The possibility of accomplishing intraoperative hemostasis on the parenchymal organs was studied in experiments with AIG-neodymium laser. A good dissection effect in cutting various tissues was produced in the second series of experiments with AIG-erbium laser. The simultaneous action of AIG-neodymium and AIG-erbium beams converged at one point on the surface of the biological object was studied in the third series of experiments. It was found that the effect ensures a good dissection of tissues with sufficient hemostasis. The results of dynamic morphological studies are shown. The possibility of using the device in surgery is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Holmium:YAG and erbium:YAG infrared laser osteotomy].

The in-vivo bone ablation characteristics of a pulsed solid-state erbium:YAG laser were compared to those of a pulsed solid-state holmium:YAG laser. Partial osteotomies in the maxillary, the mandibulary, and the nasal bones of white rats were performed. The tissue response was examined by light microscopy. Thermal gradients following the laser application were also measured. Over all energy levels tested the erbium:YAG laser produced ablation of bone with minimal thermal damage to the adjacent tissue. The results of this study are promising for future application of the infrared holmium- and erbium:YAG lasers in otorhinolaryngology.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Analysis of photo-ablation products of excimer and erbium:YAG laser treated human corneas. Combined gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy].

The photoablation products from human cadaver corneas treated with an excimer laser (192 nm) or an erbium: YAG laser (2.94 microns) were qualitatively analyzed using a combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. GC/MS is the most sensitive analyzing system in use today for molecules with a relative molecular mass of 40 to 400. More than 20 different types of molecules were detected; most of them were identified as alkanes. Comparison of the two types of laser showed larger fragments and fewer different types of molecules after excimer laser treatment than after erbium: YAG photoablation. We postulate that the smaller molecules after erbium: YAG treatment indicate a greater heat during photoablation than with excimer laser treatment.

Alkanes↗

PubMed1989

Mid-infrared erbium:YAG laser ablation of bone: the effect of laser osteotomy on bone healing.

A comparative study was undertaken in rabbit tibiae to assess the healing of bone in response to osteotomies by a mid-infrared erbium: YAG (2.94 microns) laser or a mechanical saw. Laser parameters necessary for osteotomy were shown to produce deep cuts with sharp edges and no gross charring or burning of adjacent bone. However, it was noted histologically that there was a delay in healing of the laser osteotomies as compared to saw osteotomies. This delay was caused by a microscopic zone of damage to bone adjacent to the laser cuts. It is concluded that, although the erbium: YAG laser may be a useful tool in orthopaedic surgery to ablate bone, under the conditions used in this study, there will be a delay in the healing process after laser osteotomy.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Effects of an erbium: YAG laser on ocular structures.

We evaluated the effects of the erbium:YAG laser (2.9 micron wavelength) on ocular structures. Energy was successfully transmitted through a fiberoptic bundle for intraocular and extraocular applications. The wavelength was strongly absorbed by ocular tissues, producing ablations with minimal thermal damage. Our results indicated that the erbium:YAG laser may have potential uses as a photoablative tool to reshape the corneal surface and as a surgical knife.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Long-term effect of erbium-YAG laser (2.9 microns) on the primate cornea.

An erbium-YAG (2.9 microns) laser was used in the primate eye to irradiate the anterior surface of the cornea in one group and the midstroma in another group after temporary lamellar keratectomy. The eyes were observed clinically up to a period of eight months, when the animals were sacrificed. The initial opacification of the cornea caused by the erbium laser application gradually disappeared over the observation period and was replaced by a faint haze. The healing process was faster in Group II (midstromal laser ablation). Some degree of flattening of the cornea after laser ablation was seen in both groups by photokeratoscopy. At the end of the observation period, the irradiated corneas demonstrated normal appearing corneal structure without significant damage to the corneal epithelium, stroma, or endothelial cells. Further experimental studies are needed to improve the laser delivery system and reduce the degree of corneal damage produced by long laser pulses.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

The compensation of potential changes produced by trivalent erbium ion in squid giant axon with applied potentials.

The transmembrane potential of voltage-clamped squid giant axon is increased to compensate for a reduction in the rate of potassium channel kinetics when artificial seawater with trivalent erbium ion is substituted for artificial seawater. The additional potential required to produce an equivalent rise time is a measure of the potential shift produced by the erbium ions. When the kinetics of K+ channels are matched in this manner, the maximal K+ currents are larger for the larger transmembrane potential. This observation requires a functional separation of the open K+ channel and the voltage sensor for the gating mechanism of this channel.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Manufacture and properties of erythromycin beads containing neutron-activated erbium-171.

To evaluate the effects of a neutron activation radiolabeling technique on an enteric-coated multiparticulate formulation of erythromycin, test quantities were produced under industrial pilot scale conditions. The pellets contained the stable isotope erbium oxide (Er-170), which was later converted by neutron activation into the short-lived gamma ray-emitting radionuclide, erbium-171. In vitro studies indicated that the dissolution profile, acid resistance, and enteric-coated surface of the pellets were minimally affected by the irradiation procedure. Antimicrobial potency was also unaffected, as determined by microbiological assay. Neutron activation thus appears to simplify the radiolabeling of complex pharmaceutical dosage forms for in vivo study by external gamma scintigraphy.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗