PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Eructation”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Manometric and electromyographic observations of the oesophagus of sheep in eructation, regurgitation and swallowing.

Manometric and electromyographic recordings during eructation, swallowing and the regurgitation of rumination in sheep revealed variable oesophageal activity during eructation in contrast to the uniform pattern of oesophageal activity in swallowing and regurgitation. In eructation the passive increase in pressure of about 7-15 mmHg--the filling phase--associated with entry of gas into the oesophagus was commonly (in 96.6% of thirty eructations) terminated by contractions in the caudal thoracic oesophagus (c.t.o.). Eructation contractions were present in 73.3% of thirty eructations in a site 130 mm cranial to the c.t.o. and in 36.6% of thirty eructations in a site 260 mm cranial to the c.t.o. These contractions moved cranially at about 420 mm.s-1. In contrast during regurgitation the contractions of the oesophagus which moved cranially at about the same rate (410 mm X s-1) were characteristically more intense (47-64 mmHg) than eructation contractions (10-36 mmHg). Also in contrast to those in eructation, regurgitation contractions were invariably of each site of the oesophagus from which recordings were made. Secondary contractions of the caudal cervical and thoracic oesophagus which sometimes followed eructation were interpreted as serving as clearing contractions returning residual gas in the oesophagus to the stomach. These swept over the oesophagus at about 200 mm X s-1 and occurred without associated swallows. The variability of reactions of the oesophagus in eructation and differences in reactions of its different regions are discussed as arising from different degrees of sensitivity to, and stimulation by, gaseous distension of the oesophagus and stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Eructation of gas through the gastroesophageal sphincter before and after gastric fundectomy in dogs.

The gas eructation function of the gastroesophageal sphincter (GES) was investigated in 6 conscious, fed dogs before and after gastric fundectomy. Using a perfused 4-lumen catheter with a Dent sleeve, gastric and GES pressures were measured. To induce eructation, nitrogen gas was insufflated (440 ml/min) into the stomach through one channel of the catheter. After base-line studies were completed on each dog, fundectomy, to remove 30% of the stomach, was performed. Mean (+/- SEM) GES pressure was 45.3 +/- 3.3 mm of Hg before fundectomy and 41.4 +/- 1.9 mm of Hg after fundectomy (P greater than 0.05). Before fundectomy, treatment with metoclopramide or cisapride increased GES pressure to 62.2 +/- 4.1 mm of Hg (P less than 0.001) and 61.1 +/- 5.0 mm of Hg (P less than 0.05), respectively. Gastric contraction rates were the same, 4.92 +/- 0.24/min and 4.80 +/- 0.16/min before and after fundectomy, respectively. During insufflation, gastric pressures before eructation increased to 12.2 +/- 1.3 mm of Hg before fundectomy and to 13.6 +/- 0.9 mm of Hg after fundectomy (P greater than 0.05). Eructation occurred at intervals of 1.44 +/- 0.20 minutes before fundectomy and 1.56 +/- 0.13 minutes after fundectomy (P greater than 0.05). Before fundectomy, administration of metoclopramide or cisapride resulted in eructation intervals of 1.72 +/- 0.21 minutes and 1.39 +/- 0.02 minutes, respectively; these intervals were not significantly different from those measured in dogs not given drugs. After fundectomy, the GES pressure in 5 dogs decreased and remained low during insufflation. After a series of normal eructation intervals, multiple eructations were observed in 4 of these dogs. Fundectomy did not impair ability to eructate gas from the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of dopamine and serotonin on eructation rate and ruminal motility in sheep.

The relationships between forestomach motility and eructation rate were studied during dopamine infusion (2 sheep) and serotonin infusion (2 sheep). The sheep were chronically fitted with strain gauges on the reticulorumen and with a cannula in the dorsal sac of the rumen. A tracheotomy was performed to intercept the eructated gases and to permit measurement of their volume. To maintain a regular rate of eructation during the control periods, experiments were performed with a moderately increased intraruminal pressure obtained by continuous ruminal insufflation of nitrogen. Dopamine and serotonin were infused (IV for 10 minutes) at rates of 25, 50, and 100 micrograms/kg/min and 4, 8, and 16 micrograms/kg/min, respectively. Dopamine and serotonin both decreased the frequency of primary contractions. Dopamine reduced the amplitude of secondary contractions, whereas serotonin increased the forestomach tone and suppressed secondary contractions which were replaced by unpropagated eructative contractions. These motility changes were associated with a decrease in eructation rate during dopamine infusion and an increase in the eructation rate during serotonin infusion. After dopamine infusion was stopped, rebounds of eructation rate and rumen motility were observed which disappeared when a constant intraruminal pressure was maintained, indicating that the rumen reacts to its own distention. Sulpiride, but not phentolamine or propranolol, blocked the effects of dopamine. The effects of serotonin were abolished by methysergide, but were unaffected by imipramine. Therefore, seemingly dopamine acts through specific dopaminergic receptors and serotonin impringes on smooth muscle serotoninergic receptors. Finally, the use of dopamine and serotonin revealed that close relationships exist between the eructation rate and the pattern of ruminoreticular motility which may be preponderant against the cardia tone in the elimination of ruminal gases.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pressure profile along the oesophagus during eructation in sheep.

The pressure profile along the oesophagus was recorded simultaneously with the flow rate of eructated gas in sheep to evaluate the oesophageal motor events leading to the relief of gas. All the eructation sequences started by a rise followed by a plateau of oesophageal pressure. The passage of gas at the tracheal level occurred during this plateau and not during the consecutive transient lowering of the oesophageal pressure. All eructation sequences ended by a peristaltic contraction of the oesophagus. The flow rate pattern of gas during eructation was affected by head position leading to different tensions of the oesophagus. We conclude that, despite the large volume of eructated gases, the eructation process is not significantly different in sheep compared to other animals. Therefore, by virtue of its unique physiological particularity, the sheep might be used as an experimental model for the evaluation of lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) competence.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Eructation of gas through the gastroesophageal sphincter before and after limiting distension of the gastric cardia or infusion of a beta-adrenergic amine in dogs.

Gas eructation function of the gastroesophageal sphincter (GES) was investigated in 6 conscious dogs before and after a sleeve was placed around the GES and gastric cardia and during IV infusion of a beta-adrenergic amine (epinephrine). To induce eructation, nitrogen gas was insufflated (351.4 +/- 2 ml/min; mean +/- SEM) into the stomach through 1 channel of a 4-lumen catheter. After baseline studies and epinephrine infusion studies were completed in each dog, surgery was done to limit partially gastric distension by intraluminal contents by placing a silicone rubber sleeve around the GES and the first few centimeters of the cardia. Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure was 31.8 +/- 2.2 mm of Hg in baseline studies, 17.3 +/- 1.3 mm of Hg during epinephrine infusion (P. less than 0.003), and 30.3 +/- 2.2 mm of Hg after the sleeve was placed around the GES and cardia. During insufflation, gastric pressures before eructation increased to 5.74 +/- 0.41 mm of Hg before and to 15.15 +/- 1.63 mm of Hg after cardia sleeve placement (P less than 0.001). Eructation occurred at intervals of 1.83 +/- 0.41 minutes before cardia sleeve placement, and eructations were not observed with the sleeve in place. Before the sleeve was placed, administration of epinephrine resulted in an eructation interval of 0.84 +/- 0.09 minutes, which was significantly different from that in the same dogs given no drugs (P less than 0.004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Eructation of gas through the gastroesophageal sphincter before and after truncal vagotomy in dogs.

The function of the gastroesophageal sphincter (GES) to eructate gas before and after vagotomy was investigated in conscious, fed dogs. Gastric and GES pressures were measured in 5 dogs, using a perfused 4-lumen catheter with a Dent sleeve. To induce eructation, nitrogen gas was insufflated (440 ml/min) into the stomach through 1 channel of the catheter. After base-line studies were completed on each dog, bilateral truncal vagotomy was performed 5 cm cranial to the diaphragm. Mean (+/- SE) GES pressure was 51.5 +/- 1 mm of Hg before vagotomy and 28 +/- 1.7 mm of Hg after vagotomy (P less than 0.001). Mean gastric contraction rates were the same, 4.91 +/- 0.11/min and 4.78 +/- 0.06/min in dogs before and after vagotomy, respectively. During insufflation, gastric pressures increased to 11.8 +/- 0.7 mm of Hg before eructation in dogs before vagotomy and to 18.4 +/- 0.8 mm of Hg in dogs after vagotomy (P less than 0.001). Eructation occurred at intervals of 1.79 +/- 0.09 minutes before vagotomy and 5.71 +/- 0.41 minutes after vagotomy (P less than 0.001). Atropine resulted in an interval of 1.98 +/- 0.18 minutes before vagotomy. Eructation was not seen in 2 dogs after vagotomy and was sometimes not seen in the 3 others. Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure in dogs before vagotomy began to decrease 4.5 +/- 0.2 s before the GES-pressure gradient disappeared, and GES pressure remained there for 5.3 +/- 0.3 s before the gradient began to return.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Thoracic oesophageal motor activity during eructation in sheep.

Concurrent radiographic and electromyographic observations were made in sheep during naturally occurring eructations. The radiographic field extended from the base of the heart to the cranial region of the rumen. Electromyographic recording was from two sites on the caudal thoracic oesophagus within 20-70 mm of the diaphragm. Passage of gas from the rumen into the oesophagus was followed by passive gaseous distension of the caudal thoracic oesophagus for period of 540 2860 ms (n = 80), at the end of which there was both electromyographic and radiographic evidence of oesophageal contraction. The pattern of radiographic change was indicative of a cranially progressing contraction of the thoracic oesophagus. Movements of the diaphragm observed radiographically during ventilation ceased (at the end of expiration), or became shallower, during the period of oesophageal distension. This resulted in a varying degree of interruption of the rhythm of ventilation. The first inspiration marking a return of ventilation to its former character was deeper than normal. The events during eructation were essentially similar whether the animals were eating, ruminating, or doing neither. When swallowing occurred during eructation it appeared to continue normally, interrupting the train of oesophageal reactions in eructation. Gas sometimes entered the caudal thoracic oesophagus after a mixing contraction of the reticulo-rumen but it was returned to the stomach by a caudally moving oesophageal contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

The sequential contractions of the rumen associated with eructation in sheep.

1. The orderly sequential movements of the reticulum and the rumen were studied in conscious sheep by electromyography using enamelled stainless-steel wires implanted in various regions of the stomach wall and by recording mechanical changes within the various parts of the organ. Electrical activity of the rumen and/or pressure changes were related to eructation when the animals were at rest, feeding or ruminating.2. Secondary contractions of the rumen were found to originate in the ventral blind sac immediately following a primary contraction or independently. The wave of contraction originating in the ventral blind sac was seen to pass in a circular manner to the dorsal blind sac, the dorsal sac, the ventral sac and finally once more to the ventral blind sac. Eructation occurs at the end of the contraction of the dorsal sac. In each case, the time required to initiate the secondary cycle depended on the strength of contraction of the ventral blind sac.3. Sustained gaseous distension elicited numerous secondary contractions of the rumen concurrent with a lower frequency of reticular contractions. Although some secondary contractions were incomplete, all began with contraction of the ventral blind sac and were associated with eructation.4. Chemical stimulation of the rumen by fatty acids at pH 5.5-5.9 increased the ratio of secondary to primary contractions of the rumen to a varying extent depending on their initial rate.5. It was concluded that the seemingly random occurrence of a secondary cycle of the rumen was dependent on the activity of the ventral blind sac and its pattern could be altered by both mechanical and chemical stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The effect of elevation of intrarumen pressure by nitrogen insufflation on eructation in cattle (Bos taurus).

1. The intrarumen pressure (IRP) of eight calves was elevated for 10 min by nitrogen insufflation to pressures of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm H2O. 2. Rumen motility was evaluated by recording reticulorumen myoelectrical activity and changes in luminal pressure, while eructation was determined from anterior tracheal and face mask gas expulsion. 3. The elevation of IRP increased primary rumen contraction frequency slightly and secondary rumen contraction frequency as much as 3-fold. 4. Rumen gas was expelled only during rumen contractions and virtually always during secondary rumen contractions. 5. Cattle do not exhibit the primary-secondary contraction previously identified in sheep and their rumen motility appears to be less sensitive than sheep to increases in IRP.

Air Pressure↗