PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Esophagus”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Side effects of proximal selection vagotomy on the esophagus. I. Effects on the esophageal blood circulation (author's transl)].

The influence of the proximal selective vagotomy (PSV) with following skeletisation of parts of the esophagus on its circulation was investigated in an animal experimental study. Among the 6 dogs with PSV and skeletisation of the esophagus up to the upper thorax apertura one was seen with necrosis and perforation in the distal part of the esophagus. The last 5 dogs and the 4 dogs in which after the PSV only the denudation of the distal part of the esophagus was carried out no signs of circulatory disturbance were seen. The blood circulation in human esophagus, as described in the literature, and the transfer of the results from dogs to human is discussed. An enlarged skeletisation of the esophagus in order to improve the completeness of the PSV does not harm blood circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Peristalsis in smooth muscle esophagus after transection and bolus deviation.

The importance of the continuity of the muscle coat and of the presence of an intraluminal bolus for the peristaltic performance of the Rhesus monkey esophagus was studied. Transection and reanastomosis with muscle-to-muscle contact in the striated muscle part of the esophagus did not interfere with the progression of primary peristaltic contractions. However, when the transection with reanastomosis was performed in the smooth muscle part of the gullet the peristaltic progression of the deglutitive contraction waves in the segment below the transection was affected. After deviation of the swallowed bolus either in the cervical striated esophagus or in the smooth muscle part of the thoracic esophagus, primary peristaltic contractions were seen to progress over the entire length of the gullet; however, in the thoracic esophagus the presence of a bolus facilitated the peristaltic progression of primary waves. These studies also indicate that the extramural vagal innervation is involved in secondary peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle esophagus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Barrett esophagus.

Barrett esophagus is the term describing the presence of an abnormal columnar epithelium in a portion of the esophagus. We have treated 19 patients within the past three years, representing almost 20% of all our esophageal experience; This one pathologic entity has presented as several different clinical pictures: benign stricture, peptic ulceration of the esophagus, intractable esophagitis, and malignancy. One half the patients were under 50 years old, and most were male. The benign lesions have responded well to surgical therapy. There has been an unusually high incidence of malignancy-26.3%. The reasons for the infrequent diagnosis of Barrett esophagus are confusion with "short esophagus" and failure to biopsy the proper site.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The pumping mechanism of the nematode esophagus.

The radial orientation of the myofilaments in the nematode esophagus raises interesting questions as to how such a structure can function as a pump. A physical model of the esophagus of Ascaris lumbricoides was developed and the membrane theory of shells applied in order to relate the observed dimensional changes to myofilament force, pressure stresses, and membrane elastic constants. By stressing the excised esophagus passively with osmotic pressure, the esophagus was shown to be elastically anisotropic with the ratio of circumferential to longitudinal elastic constants, E(psi)/E(l) approximately 2.74. When this value was incorporated, the model predicted the ratio of the respective strains, epsilon(psi)/epsilon(l), to be 0.52 during an equilibrium contraction of the esophagus. This agreed with the experimental value, 0.46 +/- 0.10, measured during occasional, prolonged muscle contractions. When measured during normal pumping, on the other hand, the value of epsilon(psi)/epsilon(l) was 0 +/- 0.10. This indicated that a nonequilibrium condition normally occurs in which a greater myofilament force per unit area of lumen membrane is not balanced by internal pressure and therefore acceleration of the lumen contents and negative intraluminal pressure occurs.The pumping action of esophagi dissected from Ascaris was observed to be normally peristaltic and periodic. Contraction was initiated by a spontaneous depolarization that propagated at 4.0 +/- 0.20 cm/s along the esophageal membrane. A wave of localized increases in the internal pressure of the muscle and localized changes in external dimensions was observed. A subsequent spontaneous repolarization, which propagated at 5.8 +/- 0.23 cm/s, triggered relaxation of the muscle during which the localized pressure and dimensional changes returned to resting values. A mechanism was deduced in which fluid is drawn into and moved along the lumen by the wave of contraction. During the wave of relaxation, the lumen contents are pressurized and injected into the intestine by elastic restoring forces.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Endoscopic results in five patients with Crohn's disease of the esophagus.

In our experience with five cases of Crohn's disease of the esophagus, the endoscopic appearance has been demonstrated. Corresponding to the basic pathological changes, the findings are very different, but two stages may be differentiated: Stage I in which inflammatory changes predominate as a mild or more often erosive-ulcerative esophagitis. Stage II is a stenosing form similar to a peptic stenosis or to a stenosing tumor. The morphological changes are predominantly limited to the lower part of the esophagus with a tendency to extend to the proximal regions. The diagnosis may be established endoscopically only in special cases with shallow ulcerations within a normal mucosa or with cobble-stone relief which is usually seen in the colon. In all other cases, a specific macroscopical appearance of Crohn's disease of the esophagus does not exist and no specific differentiation is possible from other forms of esophagitis. Only by a combination of endoscopy, radiology and histology can the diagnosis be suspected. Guided biopsies are not able to confirm the diagnosis histologically. The exact diagnosis of Crohn's disease of the esophagus is only possible by histological examination of the resected esophagus.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Endobrachyesophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus].

The columnar epithelium lined esophagus is usually the result of a chronic reflux disease. In the literature one can find more and more references to a malignant transformation of this columnar epithelium. Our own observations of 14 patients with an adenocarcinoma in a columnar-lined esophagus support this suspicion. Because the adenocarcinoma of the esophagus has therapeutic consequences other than a squamous carcinoma of the esophagus, the surgery has to give attention to this malignant transformation of the columnar-lined esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

[Radiological and endoscopic investigations of the esophagus in 33 cases of generalized scleroderma (author's transl)].

The esophagus was examined radiologically and endoscopically in 33 patients with generalized scleroderma. 13 patients complained of difficulties which suggested implication of the esophagus, scleroderma was found in the esophagus in 26. Radiological demarcation of location of the scleroderma required investigation of the esophageal peristalsis. Endoscopic examination permits an equally reliable assessment through the identification of characteristic signs: the lack of peristaltic contractions in the lower half of the esophagus, and the persistence of water in the esophagus for more than 30 seconds after injection of a few milliliters in the recumbent patient. Further, a peptic esophagitis can often be recognised endoscopically when it is not detectable radiologically (10 cases) and in cases of peptic stenosis (4 patients) exact location of the lesion is possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Motor function of the esophagus after repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

Eleven patients with previous esophageal atresia repair (TEF) underwent esophageal motility studies and were compared to 10 normal patients. The upper sphincters (UES) in the two groups did not differ in resting pressure, contraction pressure, or coordination. UES relaxation, was 100% in normal patients and 83+/-8% in the TEF patients (p less than 0.05). In the proximal esophagus, 100% of the TEF group showed a normal peristaltic wave, coupled with an abnormal nonperistaltic wave. The normal group did not show this type of contraction. In the middle esophagus, the mean peak pressure of 30.5+/-2.0 mm Hg was greater in controls than the 14.6+/-1.0 in the TEF group (p less than 0.001). Coordination was observed in 97+/-1% of the controls, while present in only 27+/-4% of the TEF patients (p less than 0.001). In the distal 10 cm of esophagus, peak contraction pressures were 43.3+/-1.6 in controls and 21.3+/-1.1 in the TEF group (p less than 0.001). Coordination was 94+/-1% in normal subjects and 66+/-4% in the TEF patients (p less than 0.001). The resting pressure in TEF patients was significantly higher at all three esophageal levels (proximal, mid, distal) than in normal patients. In both groups lower esophageal sphincter function did not show any significant difference, except for closing pressure, which was significantly higher in controls (39.9+/-6.8 mm Hg) than in the TEF groups (21.3+/-3.0 mm Hg) (p less than 0.02). These studies suggest that marked motility abnormalities occur in the repaired esophagus after atresia. These abnormalities are distinctly different from other motor disorders of the esophagus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Barrett's esophagus occurring as a complication of scleroderma.

Two patients had both scleroderma and a columnar epithelium-lined lower esophagus (Barrett esophagus). Features of Barrett's esophagus included high esophageal strictures in both patients and ulcer craters in the columnar area of one. Biopsy confirmed columnar epithelium in the lower esophagus of each patient. In these patients, the Barrett esophagus probably was a complication of scleroderma and resulted from long-standing gastroesophageal reflux.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Barrett-esophagus following total gastrectomy. A contribution to it's pathogenesis.

We have undertaken esophagoscopy 1/2 to 17 1/2 years after surgery in 20 patients with a total gastrectomy and an esophago-jejunal anastomosis. In 5 cases we found a complete columnar lining of the distal esophagus (Barrett-esophagus). 2 other cases showed a multilocular columnar epithelium. One case with a Barrett-esophagus had endoscopy before surgery, and it could be proved that the columnar lining developed after surgery. We suspect that it was the same in the remaining cases. All examined patients, except one, showed an erosive esophagitis of varying severity. These observations support the current view that the columnar lined esophagus is usually an acquired one. The pathogenesis is not completely clear, but reflux of digestive juices destroying the squamous epithelium and impairing healing is the condition for columnar lining. The observations on patients with total gastrectomy prove that it must not necessarily be gastric juice. The very urgent question of the origin of columnar lining cannot be answered at present.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

CT of the esophagus: I. Normal appearance.

The thoracic esophagus is easily demonstrable throughout its entire length on thoracic computed tomography (CT). The soft tissue planes separating the esophagus from its adjacent mediastinal structures are normally distinct. Blurring or distortion of these tissue interfaces is a reliable indicator of disease. The normal CT anatomy of the esophagus and mediastinal relationships are described. Air in the esophagus is considered a normal finding.

Esophagus↗
PubMed1975

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus is reported and a total of 15 cases was reviewed. There were 9 men, although earlier reports indicated the disease was more common in women. The lesion was located in the middle third of the esophagus in 10 cases. The possibility of tumor development from embryonal rests of the tracheobronchial tree in the esophagus is discussed. The prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinomas is not well known, but the treatment and prognosis appear similar to those of epidermoid carcinomas of the esophagus.

Aged↗