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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Splanchnic and intestinal uptake and formation of estriol and estriol conjugates in the dog in vivo.

A loading dose of 3H-estriol was given to male dogs followed by a constant infusion. The concentrations of total radioactivity, conjugated estriol metabolites, estriol, estriol-o-glucosiduronate, estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate, estriol-3-sulfate and estriol-3-sulfate, 16alpha-glucosiduronate were determined in plasma from the femoral artery(A), hepatic vein(HV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV). From these values the splanchnic (100[1-HV/A]) and intestinal (100[1-SMV/A]) extractions were calculated. The mean splanchnic extraction of total radioactivity was positive (23, SE 3, P less than .01), indicating net uptake by the splanchnic area, possibly due to biliary excretion. The mean splanchnic extraction of estriol was 77, SE 1, P less than .01, also indicating net uptake. The splachnic extractions of estriol-3-glucosiduronate, estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate and estriol-3-sulfate were negative (-15, SE 3, P less than .01; -23, SE 6, P less than .01; -31, SE 8, P less than .01 respectively) indicating net formation of these conjugates for release into the systemic circulation. The mean intestinal extraction of estriol was 12, SE 4, P less than .01, indicating net uptake by the intestine. This net uptake was associated with mean negative intestinal extractions of estriol-3-glucosiduronate (-15, SE 7, P approximately .05), estriol-3-sulfate (-33, SE 10, P less than .01) and estriol-3-sulfate, 16alpha-glucosiduronate (-53, SE 13, P less than .01), indicating net formation of these conjugates by the intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Serum free estriol and estriol glucuronide fractions in hydatidiform mole measured by radioimmunoassay.

Serum or plasma total unconjugated estriol and total estriol glucuronide fractions were measured in 14 patients with unaborted hydatidiform mole between 11 and 25 weeks of gestation and in 20 normal pregnant patients between 8 and 17 weeks of gestation. The estriol fractions were separated by solvent partition, and the estriol was measured by radioimmunoassay using antiserum against estriol-16-17-dihemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The values (means and ranges) found in normal pregnant patients were as follows: estriol 1.3 ng/ml (0.3-2.9); estriol glucuronide, 11.1 ng/ml (4.7-24.8). Wide ranges of values were found in patients with molar pregnancies compared to those with normal pregnancies of equivalent gestation, some values being within the upper range of normal and others being well below the normal range. Of the 14 molar pregnancies studied, 9 (64%) were associated with serum estriol values which were below the ranges for normal pregnancy, and 8 (57%) were associated with similarly low estriol glucuronide values. The incidences of low estriol and estriol glucuronide values were less than those reported for low urinary estriol excretion in hydatidiform moles. No correlation was found between any of the serum estriol fractions and the serum hCG values or with the presence of theca lutein cysts in the ovaries. It was suggested that the trophoblast was the principal source of estriol in these molar pregnancies.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1979

Unconjugated and total estriol in human amniotic fluid--changes in the ratios between the two estriol levels with advancing gestational age.

In 172 amniotic fluid samples of the early second and the third trimester from 115 normal pregnancies the concentrations of unconjugated and total estriol were measured by means of radioimmunoassay. The mean concentrations of unconjugated estriol in amniotic fluid rose from 1.22 ng./ml. in the gestational weeks 15-18 to 7.82 ng./ml. in the gestational weeks 37-40, that is 6.4 times the former value. In contrast, the mean concentrations of total estriol in amniotic fluid increased more strongly, namely from 27.51 ng./ml. in the gestational weeks 15-18 to 777.15 ng./ml. in the gestational weeks 37-40, that is 28.3 times the former value. With advancing pregnancy the proportion of unconjugated estriol to total estriol in amniotic fluid fell, obeying a significant correlation, from 4.43% in the gestational weeks 15-18 to 1.01% in the gestational weeks 37-40. The presumable reasons for this are the rising conjugation rate of estriol excreted with fetal urine, concomitant to fetal maturation, and the relative transfer diminution of unconjugated estriol from maternal plasma into amniotic fluid with the advance of gestation.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Maternal serum unconjugated estriol and urine estriol concentrations in normal and high-risk pregnancy.

Serum unconjugated estriol levels and urinary estriol levels of concurrent specimens were compared for 6 normal and 6 high-risk subjects throughout the last trimester of pregnancy. Free estriol values in serum exhibited a close correlation with urinary estriol values for both the normal (r = 0.91) and high-risk (r = 0.92) groups. The results of this study indicate that the assessment of high-risk pregnancies now accomplished principally by urinary estriol assays may be performed by more convenient and rapid radioimmunoassays developed for quantification of free estriol in serum.

Estriol↗
PubMed1977

A rapid radioimmunoassay for serum unconjugated estriol with a directly iodinated estriol radioligand.

Radioiodinated estriol not previously derivatized was found to be immunoreractive and is shown to possess Sephadex-adsorptive characteristics similar to those of tritium-labeled estriol and nonlabeled estriol. Because of these characteristics, radioiodinated estriol is shown to be an acceptable radioligand for use in a rapid and reliable column radioimmunoassay for determination of unconjugated estriol in serum. An evaluation of the estriol column RIA assay with this radioligand is presented.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1976

Correlation between morning urine estriol concentration and 24-hour estriol excretion.

In an attempt to circumvent the need for 24-hour urine collections for estriol analyses in assessment of fetal status, the possibility of using morning urine samples was investigated. Results indicate 1) good correlation between 24-hour estriol excretion and morning estriol concentration, and between corresponding E/C ratios, 2) similar morning and 24-hour estriol concentrations, 3) high dependence of estriol and creatinine excretion on 24-hour urine volume but not on morning volume, 4) larger variations in 24-hour than in morning urine volume, and 5) better consistency of values in morning than in 24-hour samples in pathologic pregnancy. The use of serial morning urine concentrations at least as an outpatient monitoring procedure is suggested.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1976

Effect of ampicillin administration on estradiol, estriol, and cortisol levels in meternal plasma and on estriol levels in urine.

Ampicillin treatment in the last trimester of pregnancy had no significant effect on the levels of estradiol, estriol, or cortisol in maternal plasma. Urinary estriol excretion was, however, notably decreased during or following ampicillin treatment in six out of 10 patients. These results suggest that the plasma estrogen assays have greater validity than the urinary estriol assay in assessing fetoplacental endocrine function during a period of ampicillin treatment of the mother.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

Direct radioimmunoassay for unconjugated estriol in pregnancy serum, with use of a radioiodinated derivative of estriol.

We describe a rapid and direct 125I-based radioimmunoassay for quantification of unconjugated (free) estriol in pregnancy serum. Estriol in serum is adsorbed onto a small column of Sephadex, thereby allowing its separation from proteins and interfering materials. A radioiodinated derivative of estriol (6-ketoestriol-6(o-carboxymethyl)oxime-[125I]tyrosine methyl ester) is added to the column, followed by a limiting amount of antiserum. After incubation, the antibody-bound hormone is separated by a buffer wash. The assay exhibits satisfactory recovery and parallelism, and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation are less than 10%. The values obtained by using the assay correlate well (r = 0.97) with those from a comparison method in which solvent extraction and chromatographic purification are used.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1975

[Excretion of estriol, estetrol, 16-epi-estriol, 16-keto-estradiol and 16-hydroxyestrone in the 24-hour urine of pregnant women in the last trimester].

In this publication a method is given which allows simultaneous estimation of estriol, estetrol, 16-epiestriol, 16-ketoestradiol and 16-hydroxyestrone in urine of pregnant women. First conjugates are precipitated with ammoniumsulfate and hydrolyzed. Then the steroids are extracted and converted to azodyes by reacting with the diazonium salt dark blue r. After separation by thin layer chromatography the azodyes are measured by remission analysis with a chromatogramm spectrophotometer. From the data obtained from 66 cases norm groups were set up for the excretion of the steroids in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. In the last month of pregnancy the average excretion, expressed in % of excreted estriol, is as follows: estetrol 5,7%, 16-epiestriol 3,1%, 16-ketoestradiol 7,0%, 16-hydroxyestrone 5,3%.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Plasma levels of unconjugated estetrol and estriol and of total estriol in normal human pregnancy.

The course of normal pregnancy in 54 patients was monitored by weekly assays of Unconjugated Estriol (E3U), Total Estriol (E3T) and Unconjugated Estetrol (E4U). These subjects were divided into two groups: one of those patients who delivered a fetus with a weight above the 50th percentile and the other of those who delivered a fetus with a weight below the 50th percentile. No significant difference was found between these two groups and it is not therefore possible to have information regarding the weight of the fetus, starting from the weekly values of these hormones. Analogous variations of the three hormones were found as pregnancy progresses. However, the rate of increase for E4U was higher than for E3T and E3U.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Estriol in pregnancy. IV. Normal concentrations, diurnal and/or episodic variations, and day-to-day changes of unconjugated and total estriol in late pregnancy plasma.

Normal values of unconjugated, total, and immunoreactive (measured without extraction) plasma estriol (E3) have been determined from radioimmunoassay data obtained in 217 uncomplicated third-trimester pregnancies. Small but significant diurnal variations in unconjugated and total plasma E3 have been observed in a study comprising 12 women who were hospitalized during late pregnancy for diabetes, toxemia, or placenta previa. The late morning decreases in unconjugated and the afternoon/evening decreases in total plasma E3 concentrations, averaging some 10 to 15 per cent, were overshadowed by considerable episodic fluctuations and may thus be clinically irrelevant. Day-to day changes of unconjugated and total plasma E3 concentrations in late pregnancy were similar and smaller than changes in urinary E3 measurements. The urinary E3/creatinine ratio, however, reducing inadequacies of 24 hour urine collections, varied less than unconjugated or total plasma E3. The data suggest that a decrease in unconjugated or total plasma E3 must exceed 40 to 45 per cent of the mean of the three preceeding determinations if it is to be considered a signal of fetal distress.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1979

An enzyme-immunoassay for estriol.

A practical method was developed for enzyme-immunoassay of serum estriol, with alkaline-phosphatase as a marker enzyme. Alkaline-phosphatase was conjugated with estriol-6-(O-carboxymethyl) oxime using water soluble carbodiimide. The estriol-alkaline-phosphatase complex, which has both enzyme activity and capacity to bind anti-estriol serum, was obtained by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. This complex, which was stable for at least 3 months at 4 degrees C, was used as enzyme-labelled estriol. Anti-estriol serum raised against estriol-6-(O-carboxymethyl) oxime bovine serum albumin was employed. "Bound and free" estriol were separated by the double antibody method. A linear relation was obtained between estriol concentration and antibody-bound alkaline-phosphatase activity in the range of 0.2-100 ng estriol/ml. In this assay system, cross-reactivity with other steroids was negligible under physiological conditions, and endogenous alkaline-phosphatase, which increases during the late pregnancy, caused no interference. The coefficients of variation were 3.3-14.2% (within assays), and less than 22% (between assays), and the mean recovery rate was 77.5%. Serum estriol values determined by the present method correlated well with those determined by radioimmunoassay (r=0.90 for total estriol; r=0.98 for free estriol). The present method of enzyme-immunoassay is suitable for measurement of serum estriol during pregnancy.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

The metabolic clearance and blood production rates of estriol in normal, non-pregnant women.

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and blood production rate (PB) of estriol have been measured in normal, non-pregnant women 21 to 65 years old. 6,7-3H-Estriol was administered as a pulse injection to 4 women between days 5-7 of their menstrual cycle. The disappearance of radioactivity as unconjugated estriol can be described as a function which is the sum of two exponentials. The initial component represents spread into and transfer from a space with a volume of 20.6 +/- 5.4 (SE) l. The mean value for the rate constant of total removal (reversible and irreversible) was 290.2 +/- 78.5 units/day of which 0.34 +/- 0.06 was irreversible. The mean MCRR was 990 +/- 70 l/day/m2. 4-14C-Estriol was infused at a constant rate for 3 1/2 hours to 13 women between days 5-7 of their cycle. The mean MCR was 2,100 +/- 100 l/day or 1,240 +/- 40 l/day/m2. Thirteen women received a constant infusion of 4-14C-estriol between days 20-22 of their cycle. The mean MCR was 2,100 +/- 115 l/day or 1,280 +/- 65 l/day/m2. The mean values for the two phases of the cycle were not significantly different (P greater than 0.1). The mean value for the MCR in 4 post-menopausal women studied in similar fashion was 1,890 +/- 95 l/day or 1,060 +/- 35 l/day/m2. The mean concentrations of estriol were 7.0 +/- 0.7 and 10.9 +/- 0.8 in the follicular and luteal phases of young women, respectively. The mean PB for women in the follicular phase was 14.0 +/- 1.6 mug/day and in the luteal phase was 22.7 +/- 1.9 mug/day. These values were significantly different (P less than 0.01). When the PB's for the 11 women studied in both phases of the cycle were compared the luteal phase values were significantly higher 0.02 greater than P greater than 0.01) using the paired t test. The PB in the 4 post-menopausal women ranged from 5 to 22 mug/day. While there was no difference between the MCR of estriol measured in the two phases of the cycle, the PB of estriol was significantly greater in the luteal phase. Estriol probably contributes little to the overall estrogenic activity in normal, non-pregnant, premenopausal women but could make a more significant contribution in some post-menopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A direct radioimmunoassay for estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate: its use in the determination of plasma and urine levels and renal clearance of this conjugate in pregnancy.

A direct radioimmunoassay which does not require hydrolysis or chromatography has been developed for estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate in pregnancy plasma and urine. The antigen used in the development of this antiserum was prepared by joining the carboxylic acid group of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate covalently to the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residues in bovine serum albumin. Results indicate that the direct radioimmunoassay yields levels of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate in late pregnancy urine that are comparable to those obtained by mroe elaborate procedures involving chromatographic separation of the estriol conjugates, followed by enzymic hydrolysis and measurement of the freed estriol. In addition, good correlation was found between the total estrogen values in urine obtained by currently used chemical procedures and urinary levels of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate. The renal clearance of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate was determined in eight normal women during the third trimester, and the mean value +/- S.D. was 404 +/- 81 ml. per minute (range, 248 to 494). This method is suitable for the evaluation of variations in the plasma and urine levels of estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate in pregnancy and offers significant advantages over the presently used chemical methods for monitoring fetal well-being.

Animals↗