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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Comparison of ethacridine lactate and prostaglandin E2 in second trimester medical abortion.

BACKGROUND: A comparison of ethacridine lactate and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with or without oxytocin infusion in second trimester medical abortion cases. METHODS: A prospective study was performed on 151 women requiring second trimester medical abortions between 1989 and 1995. Patients were randomly assigned to PGE2 group (n = 30), ethacridine lactate group (n = 48), ethacridine lactate combined with oxytocin infusion group (n = 49) and PGE2 combined with oxytocin infusion group (n = 24). Rates of successful abortion (i.e., complete evacuation of fetal and placental tissues from the uterus) within 24 hours for each group were determined and compared by chi2 and the Student t-test. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference concerning successful abortion rates was observed between ethacridine lactate and PGE2 groups, PGE2 and PGE2+oxytocin infusion groups, and ethacridine lactate+oxytocin infusion and PGE2 groups, while there was no significant difference between ethacridine lactate and ethacridine lactate+oxytocin infusion groups, ethacridine lactate and PGE2+oxytocin infusion groups, and PGE2+oxytocin infusion and ethacridine lactate+oxytocin infusion groups. CONCLUSIONS: Extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate instillation alone and intracervical PGE2 gel application are effective and safe methods for second trimester abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1996

Bacterial contamination of commercially available ethacridine lactate (acrinol) products.

Bacterial contamination of commercially available ethacridine lactate (acrinol) solutions and cotton gauze soaked in ethacridine lactate solution was investigated. Of 56 samples from ethacridine lactate solutions (eight products, seven manufacturers), seven samples (12.5%) of two products (two manufacturers) were contaminated with 10(1)-10(4) colony forming units (cfu)/mL of Burkholderia pickettii. Of 67 samples obtained from gauze soaked in ethacridine lactate solution (seven products, seven manufacturers), 41 (61.2%) of six products (six manufacturers) were contaminated with 10(2)-10(6) cfu/mL of bacteria. The major bacteria detected were Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia pickettii. This relatively high incidence of bacterial contamination in commercially available cotton gauze soaked in ethacridine lactate solution may be due to the presence of gauze in ethacridine lactate solution.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1990

Second trimester pregnancy termination using extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of ethacridine lactate by the extra-amniotic route for second trimester pregnancy termination and its associated complications. DESIGN: Retrospective study of women undergoing second trimester termination, over 3 1/2 years, with extra-amniotic ethacridine alone, or extra-amniotic ethacridine supplemented later by extra-amniotic 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha. SETTING: Teaching hospital in Bombay. PATIENTS: 315 consecutive women undergoing late abortions with extra-amniotic ethacridine. Demographic features were similar in the two groups. INTERVENTIONS: In group 1, 207 women had 150 ml of 0.1% ethacridine lactate injected slowly into the extra-amniotic space. In group 2, 108 women had the initial injection supplemented 6 h later by an extra-amniotic injection of 250 micrograms (1 ml) of 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence of abortion following the induction procedure. The development of complications such as haemorrhage, infection, or injury to the uterus or cervix. RESULTS: The method was successful in 191 women (92%) in group 1 and in 106 (98%) in group 2. The median induction-abortion intervals were 35 and 19 h, respectively (Mann-Whitney U test, P less than 0.001). The corrected complication rate was less than 10% (30 women), with unplanned uterine evacuation in 6% (20), haemorrhage in 1% (4), and pelvic infection in 4% (14). CONCLUSION: The use of extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate provides an effective and safe treatment method for second trimester legal abortion. The induction-abortion interval can be appreciably reduced by supplementary prostaglandin.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1988

Second trimester abortion with ethacridine lactate plus carboprost--which is the best time to administer the carboprost?

Extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate plus intramuscular prostaglandin has become a popular method for terminating second trimester pregnancies. In this study, intrauterine pressure was continuously monitored in order to objectively compare the efficacy of 3 different times of administration of Carboprost (15-methyl PGF2 alpha) - at 2 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours after the instillation of ethacridine lactate. The best results were obtained with the administration of Carboprost 8 hours after the instillation of the extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate. The synergistic effect of ethacridine lactate and Carboprost is optimal after this time. This is probably because the ethacridine lactate will have produced sufficient cervical ripening to ensure optimal efficacy of the prostaglandin-induced uterine contractions in expelling the products of conception.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed2006

Randomized study on the effect of adding oxytocin to ethacridine lactate or misoprostol for second-trimester termination of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare effectiveness of misoprostol and ethacridine lactate with or without oxytocin in second-trimester medical abortions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A randomized prospective study. A total of 388 women with genetic indications for termination of pregnancy at 13-24 weeks of gestation were recruited. Group I (n=85) were treated with extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate, 10 ml instilled per gestational week, to a maximum of 200 ml. Group II (n=93) were treated with misoprostol administered intravaginally (200 microg), followed by 100 microg of oral misoprostol 4 hourly for 24 h. Group III (n=102) were treated with a combination of ethacrine lactate and oxytocin. An initial dose of 6 mU/min oxytocin was given, followed by additional 6 mU/min doses every 20 min. Group IV (n=96) were treated with a combination of misoprostol and oxytocin administered in a similar way as in group III. The main outcome measures were time to induce abortion, side effects, and failure/success rates. RESULTS: The mean time to induce abortion was 14.2+/-3.6, 13.2+/-3.4, 10.8+/-2.6, and 9.9+/-2.4 h in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively (p<0.001). Addition of oxytocin to ethacridine lactate did not decrease the risk of prolongation of induction beyond 24 h but use of oxytocin with misoprostol did reduce the risk of induction beyond 24 h (OR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.21-1, p<0.05). The occurrence of minor side effects was similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: Addition of oxytocin to ethacridine lactate or misoprostol significantly decreases the length of time to induce abortion without supplementary side effects.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of carcinogen-inducible DNA amplification in a simian virus 40-transformed hamster cell line by ethacridine or ethanol.

DNA amplification as a mechanism to increase gene expression has been established as a cause of cytotoxic drug resistance and appears to play a role in tumor cell progression. In order to investigate factors which control the process of DNA amplification we have been using a simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed Chinese hamster cell line (CO60) as a model system. This cell line can be induced to amplify integrated viral DNA with a variety of agents. In this report the following is shown. (a) Addition of ethacridine, an intercalative compound, or ethanol to the culture media inhibits amplification induced by the alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or by gamma-irradiation in a dose-dependent fashion. In the case of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induction (50 microM), the highest concentrations of ethacridine (40 microM) or ethanol (2% v/v) tested reduced SV40 amplification from about 20-fold to less than 2-fold. (b) Neither substance induces significant amplification when applied alone over a wide range of concentrations (0.01-20 microM ethacridine; 0.001-2% ethanol). (c) Significant inhibition of amplification is achieved with nearly nontoxic concentrations of both substances (10 microM; 1%), (d) Without direct interference with the inducer. It is concluded that ethacridine or ethanol treatment uncouples the toxic effects of an alkylating agent or ionizing radiation from their ability to induce amplification in CO60 cells.

Acridines↗
PubMed1978

Further absorption studies with the anti-diarrhoeal agent ethacridine lactate in the dog.

2-Ethoxy-6,9-diaminoacridine lactate (ethacridine lactate, Rivanol, Metifex) has been administered orally to the dog once daily for 14 days, tritium labelled matterial having been given on days 1 and 14. The extent and rates of urinary excretion of radioactivity and the peak plasma levels and total radioactivity half-lives following the radiolabelled doses on days 1 and 14 were essentially the same. There was no significant change following multiple dosing in the level of urinary acridine-like material as determined fluorimetrically, which compared to approximately 0.01% of the dose found in the 0--24 h urine. It was concluded that, following oral administration of 3H-ethacridine lactate (5 mg/kg), less than 0.1% of the dose is absorbed as acridine-like material. Multiple dosing for 14 days does not alter this very low degree of oral absorption. In a separate study tritiated ethacridine lactate (30 microgram/kg) was administered i.v. to the dog. Approximately 84% of the radioactivity was eliminated in the 0--72 h post dose period, the majority of it being excreted via the faeces. There was a rapid loss of radioactivity from the plasma, followed by a long terminal phase in which acridine-like material was estimated to have a half-life of about 15 h.

Absorption↗
PubMed2005

Intraamniotic ethacridine lactate instillation versus vaginal PGE1 in second trimester termination of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To report on our experience with intraamniotic injection of ethacridine lactate (EL) for second trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) and to compare its effectiveness with vaginal PGE1 in this setting. STUDY DESIGN: (a) Retrospective analysis of 54 intraamniotic EL-induced TOP. (b) Matched pair analysis of 50 second trimester TOP, using intraamniotic EL in group A (n=25) and vaginal PGE1 suppositories in group B (n=25). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: success rate, induction-delivery interval, analgesic use, drop in maternal hemoglobin, complications. RESULTS: (a) TOP with EL alone was successful in 50 cases (93%). Mean duration from instillation to delivery was 40.5 h (range 14-58, S.D.: +/-9.0). Mean analgesic need was low. Mean drop in hemoglobin was low (1.0 g/dl, S.D.: +/-1.1). (b) The matched pair analysis revealed a significantly shorter induction-delivery interval in the vaginal PGE1 group (mean 26.9 h, range 8-80, S.D.: +/-16.8 versus 41.0 h, range 24-55, S.D.: +/-7.3, p<.05). There were no significant differences in analgesic use or drop in hemoglobin. In both groups one case of post partum hemorrhage occurred. CONCLUSION: Intraamniotic instillation of ethacridine lactate in second trimester TOP is safe, cheap and successful in the vast majority of cases. Disadvantages are the longer induction-delivery interval compared to modern prostaglandins and the invasive mode of application. However, by the use of EL the side effects of repeated prostaglandin application can be avoided as well as multiple vaginal examinations. Furthermore, the time of delivery can be predicted in a narrower interval.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1999

Comparative study of cervical laminar tents prior to extra-amniotic injection of ethacridine lactate (Rivanol) and a condom-nelathon catheter method for second-trimester pregnancy interruption in Vietnam.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the regimen for termination of second-trimester pregnancies using laminaria tents 12-24 h prior to extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate (Rivanol) instillation, is more effective in shortening the insertion-expulsion interval than the presently used method of abortion induction by a condom/Nelathon catheter. DESIGN: A prospective randomised comparative study was performed at Uong Bi General Hospital in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, on 91 women undergoing pregnancy termination in the second trimester. INTERVENTIONS: The subjects were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups, receiving either the Nelathon catheter-condom method (n = 50) or by insertion of a laminaria tent into the cervical canal for preinduction, 13-29 h before extra-amniotic instillation of ethacridine lactate (n = 34). Seven subjects were not pretreated with the laminaria tent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The insertion-expulsion intervals and the incidence of side effects were assessed. RESULTS: The mean insertion-expulsion interval in the 2 groups was not significantly different (mean 27.5 +/- 16.1 and 26.4 +/- 16.4 h, respectively), calculating the insertion-expulsion interval from the start of active treatment, i.e. from the instillation of Rivanol or insertion of the Nelathon catheter and condom, until expulsion of the fetus. CONCLUSIONS: The laminaria-Rivanol method for pregnancy interruption is not more advantageous than the existing Nelathon catheter-condom method. Simple, successful and cost-effective methods in achieving second-trimester abortion in the Vietnamese context have therefore to be identified and tested.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1992

Comparative study of midtrimester termination of pregnancy using hypertonic saline, ethacridine lactate, prostaglandin analogue and iodine-saline.

The study consisted of terminations of 200 cases of second trimester pregnancies ranging from 14 weeks to 20 weeks. Out of these 200 cases, in 50 cases intra-amniotic instillation of 20% hypertonic saline (200 ml) was done after withdrawing 35-200 ml of amniotic fluid. Ethacridine lactate was instilled in 50 cases extra-amniotically. Prostaglandin F2 alpha was injected intramuscularly at regular intervals in 50 cases. Fifty cases of pregnancies were terminated with extra-amniotic instillation of 5% povidone-iodine solution mixed with normal saline. Comparison was made among all the methods regarding instillation-abortion interval, completeness of abortion, failure of the procedure and postoperative complications. Solution of 5% povidone-iodine in normal saline was found to be comparable in all aspects to other methods and above all a much cheaper alternative for poor patients. Success rate was highest with iodine-saline solution (100%) followed by ethacridine lactate (98%), hypertonic saline (96%) and lowest with prostaglandin F2 alpha (90%).

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1977

Absorption studies with the anti-diarrhoeal agent ethacridine lactate in laboratory animals and man.

Tritiated 2-ethoxy-6,9-diaminoacridine (ethacridine lactate, Rivanol) has been orally administered to rat, dog, rabbit and man, and the distribution of radioactivity between urine and faeces determined. Complete recoveries of radioactivity were obtained from rat, rabbit and man. From direct measurement of levels of radioactivity, the maximum percentage of the dose excreted via the urine varied from 1.7% (man) to 6.1% (dog). Tritiated water accounted for nearly 50% of this amount. The low levels of radioactivity in plasma of dog and man and in the bile of rats following administration of 3H-ethacridine lactate suggested that there was only a low degree of oral absorption and substantiated previous reports that the drug is essentially unabsorbed in man. From fluorimetric measurements and the determination of levels of radioactivity in ether extracts of urine, it could be concluded that for all species less than 0.1% of the dose appeared in the urine as acridine-like material.

Acridines↗
PubMed1983

Separation of bound and free ligand by ethacridine (Rivanol) in thyroxin radioimmunoassay.

In this simple and low-cost radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for thyroxin (T4), ethacridine (6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridine lactate; Rivanol) is used to separate antibody-bound ligand and free ligand. This acridine dye precipitates free T4 not bound to antibody. At pH 8.6, it precipitates more than 90% of 125I-labeled T4. Precipitation is rapid and is constant over the concentration range of 1 to 3 g of ethacridine per liter; time of addition and temperature are not critical. The inherent yellow color of the dye gives it the advantage of a color-coded reagent. Analysis of 65 serum samples by the proposed method and by a procedure involving polyethylene glycol gave similar results: correlation coefficient, 0.988; slope, 0.981; y-intercept, -1.42. Within- and between-assay variations (CV) were less than 5 and 6%, respectively.

Acridines↗
PubMed1983

Intraamniotic injection of ethacridine for second-trimester induction of labor.

In the People's Republic of China one of the most widely used methods of second-trimester abortion is the intraamniotic injection of ethacridine (Rivanol). Intraamniotic ethacridine produces fetal death, a fall in maternal urinary estriol excretion, and a rise in prostaglandin levels. Although the induction time is longer than that usually seen with prostaglandins, the method is not ordinarily associated with vomiting, cervical injury, or the delivery of a live fetus. In a series of 10,302 cases, the success rate was 96.4% and the incidence of associated complications was low.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment of chronic diarrhea in Crohn disease. A pilot study of the clinical effect of tannin albuminate and ethacridine lactate].

METHOD: The present prospective controlled study investigated the effect of a combination of 500 mg of tannin albuminate and 50 mg ethacridine lactate (Tannacomp) on chronic diarrhea in stable-phase Crohn's disease. Of the 30 patients admitted to the study, Crohn's disease was confined to the small intestine in 5, involved both small and large bowel in 11 patients, and only the large intestine in 14 cases. TREATMENT: Basic treatment was continued throughout the study; in addition, three times 2 tablets of Tannacomp were administered for 5 days, followed by a 5-day period of no such treatment, and then a further 5 days with the same regimen. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment phases, there was a significant reduction in stool frequency from 5.5 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SEM) to 4.0 +/- 0.8, and the summed score of the symptoms decreased from 6.3 +/- 0.6 to 5.3 +/- 0.6; in comparison with the initial situation or at the end of the five-day period of no additional treatment, the consistency of the stools also increased. The effect of Tannacomp showed a tendency to be more marked among patients with Crohn's disease limited to the large intestine, as compared with patients with small intestinal involvement. However, before Tannacomp can be recommended as treatment of chronic diarrhea in stable-phase Crohn's disease, further studies are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Induction of second trimester abortion by intraamniotic instillation of Rivanol (ethacridine) combined with oxytocin infusion.

We report our experience of 0.1% intraamniotic Rivanol in the interruption of 100 midtrimester pregnancies (15-24 gestation weeks). The mean injection to abortion interval was 37.2h and there were no complications. Intraamniotic Rivanol injection combined with oxytocin infusion seemed an effective and safe method for terminating second trimester pregnancies.

Abortifacient Agents↗