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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

The prevalence of neural tube defects among ethnic groups in Brooklyn, New York.

Records of almost 174,000 consecutive births at six Brooklyn hospitals during the years 1968-1976 were reviewed for congenital neural tube defects. Prevalence of anencephaly, myelomeningocele and occipital encephalocele combined was significantly higher in infants delivered to mothers born in Puerto Rico than in offspring of non-Puerto Rican whites or blacks. The association of prevalence rates with ethnicity remained significant after adjustment for several variables. However, when adjustment was made for private or service status the difference between Puerto Ricans and whites, although still appreciable, was no longer statistically significant. No significant differences in prevalence rates between whites and blacks were observed. Sex ratios of affected infants were close to unity in each ethnic group. Statistically significant associations were found between the prevalence of neural tube defects and parity, gravidity and economic status. The patterns of these associations varied among the ethnic groups. A declining trend in the prevalence of myelomeningocele was observed for all ethnic groups.

Black People↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reproductive behavior of ethnic groups from Antioquia, Colombia].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the reproductive timing, intensity, and rhythm of the Embera, (Eyabida, Dobida, and Chamibida subgroups) and Zenues ethnic groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sociodemographic study was conducted during 1996-1997 in Antioquia, Colombia, on a non-random population sample, stratified by ethnic group, to compare reproductive behaviors within and between these ethnic groups. Statistical analysis for independent samples was conducted using the software program Epi-Info. Analysis included the Student's t test for difference of means, and the chi-squared test for difference of proportions. RESULTS: Reproductive behavior was characterized by ages at first intercourse of 14.5 and 15.8 years; the average interval before pregnancy was 1 to 1.3 years, followed by 48% to 73.3% of short-spaced intergenesic intervals. Reproductive stress was 50% during reproductive life, reaching an accelerated rhythm at 30-34 years of age, with a high fecundity ratio averaging 10.5 births, except for the better educated Chamibida that had 4 births on average. CONCLUSIONS: Mainstream health policies directed at controlling birthrates are far from appropriate because they do not take into account the specific reproductive behaviors of these ethnic groups. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of cephalometric analysis with ethnicity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Many studies have documented significant craniomandibular abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. Recent literature clearly describes the cephalometric abnormalities commonly associated with OSAS. Studies have not evaluated specific cephalometric abnormalities that may contribute to OSAS by various ethnic groups. Data were collected on 48 patients (20 Caucasian, 15 Black and 13 Hispanic) with completed cephalometric analysis and polysomnography. Cephalometric landmarks, angles and measurements [angle measured from sella to nasion to subspinale point (SNA), angle measured from sella to nasion to supramentale point (SNB), difference between SNA and SNB (ANB), perpendicular distance from gonion to gnathion to hyoid (MP-H), distance from posterior nasal spine to tip of soft palate (PNS-P) and posterior airway space (PAS)] commonly used in the evaluation of OSAS patients were recorded. Measurements were normalized by dividing the observed value by the mean value for the ethnic group. Statistically significant differences in normalized SNA and SNB appeared in the Black and Hispanic groups when compared to the Caucasian group. For both SNA and SNB, Blacks averaged approximately 3.5% above their ethnic mean, whereas Hispanics averaged 1.8-2.8% below their ethnic mean. There was a statistically significant correlation between respiratory distress index (RDI) and MP-H. These baseline cephalometric differences in the ethnic groups studied suggest that surgical intervention might be approached differently in various ethnic groups. Further studies that evaluate the surgical success achieved by various procedures among different ethnic groups may help define surgical protocol in various ethnic groups for OSAS.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1986

Religious orthodoxy and myocardial infarction in Jerusalem--a case control study.

We examined the hypothesis that the degree of religious orthodoxy is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease incidence in a study of 454 men and 85 women who experienced a first myocardial infarction. They were compared with a control group of 295 men and 391 women. All were Jewish residents of Jerusalem. The degree of religious orthodoxy was ascertained by interview of participants. Among the cases, 51% of the men and 50% of the women defined themselves as secular compared with 21% and 16%, respectively, among the controls. In a multivariate logistic model (including terms for age, ethnicity, education, smoking, physical exercise, body mass index and religious orthodoxy), the coefficients for age and smoking were positive and statistically significant, and those for education negative and significant. The risk for European born subjects was greater than for the other ethnic origin groups (statistically significant only in men). Secular subjects had a significantly higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to orthodox subject (odds ratio of 4.2 (95% confidence interval 2.6-6.6) for men and 7.3 (95% confidence interval 2.3-23.0 for women). This relationship was independent of the other variables in the model. The relation persisted in a subsample of cases who were examined 2-3 months after the acute phase of the infarction upon controlling for plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertension. This finding should be substantiated. It would appear important to identify the components of religiosity associated with reduced risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning clinic services in the United States, 1981.

In the first 13 years after the federal government initiated support for family planning clinic services, there was a fivefold increase in the number of U.S. women obtaining these services from organized programs, from about 860,000 in 1968 to 4.6 million in 1981. This increase was due to the growth in the number of service providers and in the average number of clients served by each agency. Between 1968 and 1981, the number of provider agencies rose from about 1,400 separate agencies operating 1,800 clinics to 2,500 agencies administering 5,000 clinics. The average number of patients served by each agency increased from 600 to 1,800. Family planning clinics have continued to serve primarily low-income women; in 1981, four-fifths of the women served, or 3.7 million, had low incomes. In addition, an estimated 1.8 million low-income women obtained family planning services from private physicians. Thus, about 58 percent of the 9.5 million low-income women who were exposed to the risk of having an unintended pregnancy in 1981 made a contraceptive visit in that year; 39 percent went to clinics and 19 percent visited private physicians. Five million women 19 years of age or younger were at risk of unintended pregnancy in 1981; of these, 2.9 million (57 percent) obtained medically supervised family planning services--30 percent from organized programs and 27 percent from private physicians. Family planning clinic patients obtained contraceptive care from a variety of public and private health agencies in 1981.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in African-American youths of Arkansas.

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) occurs more frequently in certain adult populations, including African-Americans. Recently an increase in the incidence of NIDDM has been observed among African-American youths in Arkansas. Clinical presentations among these youths vary from asymptomatic to severe diabetic ketoacidosis. From a chart review, data were examined to determine which physical, biochemical, and autoimmune characteristics were most helpful in appropriate classification of NIDDM vs insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). It is apparent that several diagnostic and treatment issues need to be addressed to improve the management of African-American youths with NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Treatment goals of alcohol-dependent and drug-dependent patients.

At the time of admission to treatment, 450 alcohol-dependent patients and 198 drug-dependent patients were asked to complete a brief questionnaire regarding their interest in 26 treatment goals. An analysis of the goal questionnaire data revealed that from the total sample of patients more than 70 percent wanted assistance, in addition to help with substance dependency, with medical problems, psychological problems, school or job counseling, and recreational guidance. Between alcohol- and drug-dependent groups, statistically significant (p less than .05) but small differences were found for numerous goal items, with drug-dependent patients wanting assistance for more goal items than alcohol-dependent patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Genomewide search for type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes in four American populations.

Type 2 diabetes is a serious, genetically influenced disease for which no fully effective treatments are available. Identification of biochemical or regulatory pathways involved in the disease syndrome could lead to innovative therapeutic interventions. One way to identify such pathways is the genetic analysis of families with multiple affected members where disease predisposing genes are likely to be segregating. We undertook a genomewide screen (389-395 microsatellite markers) in samples of 835 white, 591 Mexican American, 229 black, and 128 Japanese American individuals collected as part of the American Diabetes Association's GENNID study. Multipoint nonparametric linkage analyses were performed with diabetes, and diabetes or impaired glucose homeostasis (IH). Linkage to diabetes or IH was detected near markers D5S1404 (map position 77 cM, LOD = 2.80), D12S853 (map position 82 cM, LOD = 2.81) and GATA172D05 (X-chromosome map position 130 cM, LOD = 2.99) in whites, near marker D3S2432 (map position 51 cM, LOD = 3.91) in Mexican Americans, and near marker D10S1412 (map position 14 cM, LOD = 2.39) in African Americans mainly collected in phase 1 of the study. Further analyses showed evidence for interactions between the chromosome 5 locus and region on chromosome 12 containing the MODY 3 gene (map position 132 cM) and between the X-chromosome locus and region near D12S853 (map position 82 cM) in whites. Although these results were not replicated in samples collected in phase 2 of the GENNID study, the region on chromosome 12 was replicated in samples from whites described by Bektas et al. (1999).

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1982

Q-band polymorphism in Chinese populations--a comparison between the Han and the Li ethnic groups.

Using QFQ banding technique, the Q-band polymorphism of two Chinese ethnic groups is investigated. The data are based on the study of 100 individuals of the Han group and 50 individuals of the Li group of Hainan Island. The results reveal that the QFQ bands of these two groups are basically similar with the exception of the 21p11 band of chromosome 21 which shows significant difference. The relative length of the Y chromosome in the Li group is greater than that in the Han group. Statistical analysis indicate that the distribution of polymorphic Q bands in the populations samples is consistent with the expectations of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle.

China↗
PubMed2001

A novel single-nucleotide polymorphism at the 5'-flanking region of SAA1 associated with risk of type AA amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To address whether the gamma haplotype at exon 3 of the SAA1 gene is directly associated with type AA amyloidosis or is merely in linkage with an unknown polymorphism that is primarily associated with disease risk, we examined the SAA1 gene for new polymorphisms. METHODS: We analyzed DNA samples from 44 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with AA amyloidosis (amyloid group), 55 RA patients without AA amyloidosis (RA group), and 58 non-RA healthy subjects (non-RA group). We also examined DNA samples from 50 Caucasians to compare linkage disequilibrium relationships involving SAA1 region polymorphisms between Japanese and Caucasoid populations. RESULTS: We observed 3 novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5'-flanking region of SAA1: -61C/G, -13T/C, and -2G/A. Comparison of allele frequencies and ratios of individuals with particular alleles between the study groups revealed statistically significant differences between the amyloid and RA groups and between the amyloid and non-RA groups. Statistical analysis revealed that the -13T/C SNP was strongly associated with AA amyloidosis. In addition, we found tight linkage between the -13T allele and the alpha haplotype, rather than the beta haplotype, at exon 3 in the Caucasoid population, while -13T was closely linked to the gamma and beta haplotypes, rather than the alpha haplotype, in the Japanese population. Since the linkage disequilibrium relationship was reversed between the Japanese and Caucasoid populations, different exon 3 haplotypes of SAA1 are found to be associated with the risk of AA amyloidosis in different ethnic groups. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the SAA1 -13T allele, rather than SAA1 exon 3 haplotypes, is primarily associated with AA amyloidosis risk.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1999

Radiation therapy and patient age in the survival from early-stage breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To analyze the use of radiation therapy following local excision of invasive localized breast cancer and subsequent survival by 5-year age category. METHODS: Data for 27, 399 women diagnosed with localized stage of breast cancer and treated with local excision surgery from 1983 through 1992 were collected and provided by the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Use of radiation therapy was analyzed by race, ethnic background, geographic location, and age at diagnosis. Survival for women treated with local excision plus radiation therapy was compared to that of women treated with local excision alone for each 5-year age category. RESULTS: Subjects in older age groups were significantly less likely (p < 0.001) to receive radiation following local excision compared to younger age groups. Statistically significant survival advantages were conferred on women receiving radiation therapy in each 5-year age category from age 35 to 84 years (ranging from p = 0.02 to p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: While the use of radiation therapy following local excision of early-stage breast tumors drops significantly in older age groups, women aged 35-84 years receiving radiation therapy had significant reductions in mortality. These results did not appear to be influenced by the presence of mortal comorbid conditions. These results strongly suggest the need to consider carefully patient characteristics other than age in deciding the course of treatment for early-stage breast cancer.

Adult↗