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Results for “Evaluation Studies as Topic”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate topical anaesthesia of the pharynx in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Reduction of discomfort during diagnostic upper endoscopy may not be desired by patients if the medication has long-lasting and severe after-effects. The present study was designed to examine whether topical anaesthesia of the pharynx without concomitant sedation is of overall benefit to patients undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy. Two hundred out-patients were randomized to receive in the form of a pharyngeal spray either 80-120 mg lidocaine or placebo. Patients assessed discomfort on a 100 mm visual analogue scale the day after examination. Patients undergoing endoscopy who received lidocaine spray experienced significantly less discomfort from the intubation (p = 0.0001), and discomfort induced by the rest of the examination was also reduced (p = 0.003). The outcome of the endoscopists' assessment was also in favour of lidocaine spray for intubation (p = 0.157) and ease of examination (p = 0.0014). The assessment of throat discomfort suffered by patients after endoscopy did not differ between the groups. A majority of patients, the same proportion in each group, stated they would prefer their next endoscopy to be performed with topical anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of screening for breast cancer in older women.

The effect of screening on mortality from breast cancer has been evaluated in four intervention (experimental) studies with random assignment, one intervention study with nonrandom assignment, three case-control studies, and one follow-up study. Each of these studies showed a beneficial effect of screening among women who were at least 45, 50, or 55 years old at entry, but there is almost no information available on the value of screening women more than 74 years old. The data are not helpful in choosing a screening interval within the range 12-33 months, or in deciding whether to screen by mammography and palpation combined or by mammography alone. Additional issues in screening very old women are the delay before the effect of screening appears, the high mortality from causes other than breast cancer, and the effect of previous screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Streptokinase therapy of myocardial infarct dependent on the severity of the disease].

A critical analysis of 14 clinical studies published since 1963 on the fibrinolytic treatment of acute cardiac infarct with streptokinase or urokinase shows that only half of them corresponds to the demands of a controlled clinical trial of therapy. The degree of seriousness of the infarct groups described in the different papers shows considerable fluctuations. The findings on letality are not uniform, there is a distinctive trend towards a reduced letality under streptokinase. It was only in recent studies that the dependence of the results of treatment on the seriousness of the disease were checked by retrospective stratification (Australian study) or by prospective stratification (European co-operative study). According to the findings of the European co-operative study those patients who are selected for the purpose of examination and affected with an infarct of medium degree of seriousness being not older than 12 hours have a significantly reduced six months letality under streptokinase on the conditions of this study.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Respiratory muscle training in chronic airflow limitation: a meta-analysis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of respiratory muscle training on muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, and functional status in patients with chronic airflow limitation. Computerized bibliographic data bases (MEDLINE AND SCISEARCH) were searched for published clinical trails, and an independent review of 73 articles by two of the investigators identified 17 relevant randomized trials for inclusion. Study quality was assessed and descriptive information concerning the study populations, interventions, and outcome measurements was extracted. We combined effect sizes across studies (the difference between treatment and control groups divided by the pooled standard deviation of the outcome measure). Across all studies, the effect sizes and associated p-values were as follows: maximal inspiratory pressure 0.12, p = 0.38; maximal voluntary ventilation 0.43, p = 0.02; respiratory muscle endurance 0.21, p = 0.14; laboratory exercise capacity -0.01, p = 0.43; functional exercise capacity 0.20, p = 0.15; functional status 0.06, p = 0.72. Secondary analyses suggested that endurance and function may be improved if resistance training with control of breathing pattern is undertaken. Overall, there is little evidence of clinically important benefit of respiratory muscle training in patients with with chronic airflow limitation. The possibility that benefit may result if resistance training is conducted in a fashion that ensures generation of adequate mouth pressures may be worthy of further study.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMed1979

NIH panels analyze issues on technology.

Experts at NIH's "consensus development" technology assessment conferences study a wide range of issues and make recommendations to help guide users of medical technologies.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1977

[A contribution to the rate of side-effects of hepatotropic contrast media. A clinical comparative study of iodoxamate (Endomirabil) and ioglycamid (Bilivistan) (author's transl)].

The new substance Iodoxamate (Endomirabil) is a hepatotropic contrast medium. In a clinical comparative study, the contrast of the biliary ducts and gall bladder is equivalent compared with Ioglycamid (Bilivistan). Assuming equal conditions of injection and in conformity with animal experimental studies, the rate of side effects of Iodoxamate is distinctly lower than that of the referring substance Iolgycamid (Bilivistan).

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1976

Food additives and hyperkinesis: a controlled double-blind experiment.

A double-blind crossover trial involving a control diet and a diet eliminating artificial flavors, colors, and natural salicylates as recommended by Feingold was conducted on 15 hyperkinetic children. Teachers and parents observed the children for one month prior to treatment, using standardized rating scales. Both parents and teachers reported fewer hyperkinetic symptoms on the K-P diet as compared to the pretreatment baseline. The teachers noted a highly significant reduction of symptoms on the K-P diet as compared to the control diet but the parents did not. The control diet ratings did not differ from the baseline period ratings for either parents or teachers. It is concluded that the K-P diet may reduce hyperkinetic symptoms, though this result is put forth with caution in view of several features inherent in the present study which need further evaluation, including objective measures of change, manipulation of the independent variable, and reducing the independent variable to more specific components.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Current status of quality of life measurement in lung cancer patients.

Quality of life in patients with inoperable lung cancer receiving palliative treatment has become an important issue. As in other types of cancer, lack of standardization of quality of life data makes comparison between trials difficult, sometimes even impossible. Much effort is being given to the development of suitable instruments to measure quality of life and strategies to incorporate these measurements into clinical trials. The authors review studies in palliative lung cancer treatment where two crucial questions are being addressed: Do patients improve in performance status and symptom relief and does treatment toxicity outweigh disease palliation?

Clinical Trials as Topic↗