PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Evaluation Study”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Social skills training in schools: an evaluation study.

A study evaluating the effectiveness of a school-based social skills programme is described. All children in three year bands of an Oxford middle school were screened for behaviour problems. Subjects selected were allocated at random to eight sessions of social skills training with four booster sessions later or to a no treatment control group. Change was assessed by teacher, parent and self-report measures. Results suggested a significant improvement in social activity, parental report of social behaviour and self-esteem in the treatment as compared to the control group, which persisted at 6 month follow-up. Self-esteem changes were age and gender related. Implications for school-based social skills programmes are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effectiveness of certified nurse-midwives. A prospective evaluation study.

A prospective evaluation study of the effectiveness of the services of certified nurse-midwives demonstrated that in a hospital setting the care of low-risk maternity patients provided by nurse-midwives was as effective as the provided by house staff physicians. A total of 438 low-risk maternity patients were studied. Selected outcomes pertaining to the prenatal period, labor and delivery, and early infancy demonstrated, with two exceptions, no significant differences. The two exceptions were: (1) overcompliance with appointment attendance was more common among the nurse-midwifery group of patients; (2) a higher rate of forceps delivery was reported among the house staff group of patients.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic data evaluation. Part III. Collaborative study evaluation: standard deviation considered to be a constant.

The diagnostic evaluation of the crude protein collaborative study identified possible problems with a standardized interval for the Kjeldahl digestion, with sample preparation, and with excess sample weights. The standard deviations for the ham and the beef samples cannot be considered to be representative of the method because of these problems. The standard deviations for the frankfurter and the pork sausage samples for all analysts met the performance standard of 0.24. There was no evidence of analyst bias.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer: the Kaiser Permanente Multiphasic Evaluation Study.

The Kaiser Permanente Multiphasic Evaluation Study is often cited as evidence from a randomized trial that screening sigmoidoscopy reduces mortality from colorectal cancer. To examine the role of sigmoidoscopy in this reduction, we reviewed the 110 incident cases of colorectal cancer occurring among the 10,713 subjects from randomization in 1964 through 1982. Tumor stage at diagnosis, location, mode of discovery, and current mortality status were determined for each. We also reanalyzed chart review data for the years 1965 through 1974 to assess the difference in exposure to sigmoidoscopy between groups. Study group subjects, who were urged to have annual multiphasic health checkups (MHC), had both a lower cumulative incidence (4.3 vs 6.7 cases per 1000 persons) and a better stage distribution (86 vs 54% Stage B or better) than nonurged control subjects for colorectal cancers arising within reach of the sigmoidoscope. The lowered incidence accounted for two-thirds of the total difference in mortality. No appreciable difference in removal of colorectal polyps was seen between groups. Only a slight excess in exposure to sigmoidoscopy was seen in the study group (30 vs 25% of subjects examined at least once between 1965 and 1974), which was unlikely to account for more than a small fraction of the study group's decrease in mortality. Although the Multiphasic Evaluation Study did find a significantly lower mortality from colorectal cancer in the study group, it did not achieve a substantial difference in exposure to sigmoidoscopy. Its results are therefore inconclusive with respect to sigmoidoscopy and should not be used as evidence either for or against sigmoidoscopic screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Colonic strictures following successful medical management of necrotizing enterocolitis: a prospective study evaluating early gastrointestinal contrast studies.

This is a prospective study of 50 patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) treated successfully by medical means. They were all screened with an upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast study after 14 days of healing and prior to establishment of feeding. Thirty-six patients (72%) with normal upper GI examinations responded well to a graduated increase in feeding. Another 5 (10%) with questionable areas on their upper GI examination had a normal follow-up contrast enema. Feeding was successfully established in this group of infants also. The remaining 9 patients (18%) had demonstrable strictures in both contrast studies. After elective resection of strictures with restoration of intestinal continuity, they were also fed successfully. No delayed strictures were seen in any of the patients. We propose that this method of evaluation is safe, efficient and reliable in the diagnosis of strictures that develop in patients recovering from NEC.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Electronic Data Interchange in medical care: an evaluation study.

This paper describes the evaluation of the first phase of the Communication Project Apeldoorn (COPA). The aim of COPA was to investigate the contribution of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) to quality of care and practice efficiency. In this project over 33 general practitioners (GPs), 12 pharmacists and two hospitals (with one management) participated. In order to limit the number of variables for the evaluation study a limited number of messages was implemented: free-text messages between GPs; admission/discharge reports from hospitals to GPs, laboratory test reports from hospital to GP. The goal of the evaluation of the first phase of the project was to study message flow, the effect of integration with the Electronic Medical Record and the use of those data for patient care. In order to compare the use of EDI with the original situation (i.e. regular mail) a baseline study was performed. In this study the procedure for handling laboratory test reports and admission/discharge reports was also investigated. The results of the baseline study were compared with the evaluation of the use of EDI.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation study of the California Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program: 24-hour food recall data.

The California Expanded Food and Nutrition Education program (EFNEP) Evaluation Study evaluated the effectiveness of the California program. The eating habits of 683 persons were studied in a group receiving EFNEP instruction (355 participants) and a control group (328 participants) that received no instruction. The 24-hour food recall was used to assess eating habits using the Synectics method. At the beginning of the study, there were no differences in food recall scores between the EFNEP and the control groups. After 6 months of instruction in the EFNEP group, there was a significant increase in food recall score for that group and no change in the control group. The improvements observed in the EFNEP group resulted from increased intakes from the milk, protein, and fruit and vegetable food groups. The program characteristics that led to those changes were determined to be in the length of the EFNEP visit, the number of EFNEP visits, and the EFNEP instruction topics. These results show that the California EFNEP is effective in producing significant changes in the eating habits of the low-income individuals it serves.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Evaluating an information system for medical care evaluation studies.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a computerized information system, the Professional Activity Study-Medical Audit Program (PAS-MAP), when used by the medical staff of a hospital to conduct medical care evaluation studies. PAS-MAP was compared to a manual system for collecting data not contained on the face sheets of medical records. The results indicated that, compared to the manual system, PAS-MAP: was less costly if more than 41 per cent of hospitalized patients were included in medical care evaluation studies; was as timely as the manual system for data it could provide but provided fewer clinical data elements than physicians requested; and was less protective against human error. Three decision makers assigned weights indicating the relative importance of these results. The weights were combined in an additive model to arrive at a score for each system. Based on these scores, the manual system was recommended for implementation.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1991

Adult day health care evaluation study: methodology and implementation. Adult Day Health Care Evaluation Development Group.

The Adult Day Health Care Evaluation Study was developed in response to a congressional mandate to study the medical efficacy and cost effectiveness of the Adult Day Health Care (ADHC) effort in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Four sites providing ADHC in VA facilities are participating in an ongoing randomized controlled trial. Three years of developmental work prior to the study addressed methodological issues that were problematic in previous studies. This developmental work resulted in the methodological approaches described here: (1) a patient recruitment process that actively recruits and screens all potential candidates using empirically developed admission criteria based on predictors of nursing home placement in VA; (2) the selection and development of measures of medical efficacy that assess a wide range of patient and caregiver outcomes with sufficient sensitivity to detect small but clinically important changes; and (3) methods for detailed, accurate, and efficient measurement of utilization and costs of health care within and outside VA. These approaches may be helpful to other researchers and may advance the methodological sophistication of long-term care program evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Combined assessment of technetium-99m SESTAMIBI planar myocardial perfusion images at rest and during exercise with rest/exercise left ventricular wall motion studies evaluated from gated myocardial perfusion studies.

The favorable physical characteristics of technetium-99m-labeled 2-methoxy-2-methylisopropyl-1-isonitril (Tc-SESTAMIBI) enable the combined evaluation of both myocardial perfusion and left ventricular wall motion. To assess the potential of rest and exercise regional myocardial function as an adjunct to planar myocardial perfusion imaging, 60 patients with coronary artery disease and documented arteriographic findings were studied with both protocols during a single study. Exact segmental concordance between myocardial perfusion and wall motion studies was 77% (701/900 segments). Overall sensitivity and specificity to detect hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease with Tc-SESTAMIBI myocardial perfusion imaging were 89% and 79%, respectively, with resting wall motion studies 83% and 71%, respectively, and with rest/exercise wall motion studies, 85% and 71%, respectively. If the results of both perfusion and rest/exercise studies were combined, sensitivity increased to 96% and specificity decreased to 64%. The differences with perfusion studies alone were not statistically significant. Thus despite a good correlation between regional left ventricular function and perfusion, no statistically significant incremental diagnostic value was found when the results of both perfusion and wall motion studies were combined.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A review of clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of HIV inactivation methods.

Seroconversion surveillance is informative and must be continued. The level of safety is now so high that individual candidate cases of seroconversion need exquisite investigation to exclude the possibility of another source of the HIV infection. Consequently, we must be mindful that the inappropriate assignment of an HIV seroconversion incident to a blood product not only misrepresents the risk associated with currently available blood products, but may unfairly and devastatingly damage the reputation of a necessary and precious biological product. Inappropriate anxiety about a product, with resultant abandonment of its therapeutic benefit, may drastically reduce available factor concentrates, encourage price escalations associated with shortages, and lead unsettled patients to reduce their levels of prescribed therapy--with life threatening consequences. By monitoring the HIV-antibody testing records for all collection sites of a company's source plasma procurement network, the number and percent of donors found to be confirmably HIB-antibody positive might provide a clue to possible changes in the level of the undetected virus burden introduced into the source plasma supply. However, the combined efforts to develop higher purity products, combined with stringent inactivation methods has resulted in a product mix in use in the U.S. and elsewhere that seems to carry a risk of HIV seroconversion of less than 1 per 1000 patient-years of therapy.

Biological Products↗