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Results for “Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Retrolental fibroplasia and factors influencing oxygen transport.

The hospital records of 58 premature infants in whom proliferative retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) developed were matched with the records of 58 infants without RLF for birth weight, gestational age, and duration oxygen therapy. The two groups were compared for factors likely to influence tissue delivery of oxygen by blood. No significant difference was found in incidence of blood transfusions or exchange transfusions, use of phototherapy, or occurrence of acidosis.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1979

Haemorrheological response to plasma exchange in Raynaud's syndrome.

Eight patients with Raynaud's syndrome were treated by weekly plasma exchange for four weeks using a Haemonetics Model 30 Blood Processor. The mean whole-blood viscosity at a shear rate of 0.77/s was significantly lower after treatment, and the mean index of red-cell deformability was significantly improved. In four patients studied serially the mean percentage fall in whole-blood viscosity after a single plasma exchange was 49% at 0.77/s but only 14% at 91/s. All patients noticed symptomatic improvement including healing of ischaemic digital ulcers. In six patients the number of digital arterial segments containing detectable blood flow was measured by directional Doppler; in all six the number increased. It is concluded that plasma exchange is an effective means of haemorrheological treatment and may be beneficial in patients with digital ischaemia.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura by exchange transfusion.

Three successive patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) were treated by exchange transfusion on a total of 5 occasions in addition to receiving more conventional therapy such as corticosteroids, platelet inhibitors, heparin, and splenectomy. Dramatic relief of symptoms and objective improvement in hematologic values occurred within 24 hours of each exchange. One patient subsequently died of complications resulting from a massive hemorrhage, but in hematologic remission. The remaining 2 are now apparently well. These observations appear to confirm recent reports of a beneficial effect of exchange transfusion in TTP. Although the reason for its effectiveness is not yet known, exchange transfusion may be a highly useful adjunct in the treatment of this disorder and further evaluation of this form of therapy appears warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Neonatal 'thick blood' syndrome.

It has long been known that neonatal hyperviscosity can produce serious central nervous system consequences, including paresis. In recent years, it has been shown that his condition occurs in approximately 5% of newborns and that partial plasma exchange transfusion can lower the hematocrit and may help prevent sequelae. Simple screening of all neonates four hours after birth is recommended so that treatment can be given early.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1976

Alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid and serum from pregnant women with severe rhesus isoimmunization.

In 12 pregnant women with severe rhesusiso-immunization the AFP concentration in amniotic fluid (50 samples), maternal serum (212 samples) and cord blood (5 samples) were determined by immuno-electrophoresis. With surviving infants (9 patients) the initial values in amniotic fluid before intrauterine transfusion (IUT) lie evenly distributed within the 90% reference interval. In serum the initial values are within the 90% reference interval, but above the mean level for AFP concentration for gestational age. A similar pattern is seen in the period up to delivery. In 3 cases of intrauterine/neonatal death the initial concentrations of AFP in maternal serum were significantly above the upper limit of normal range, whereas all the initial amniotic fluid concentrations were close to 95% fractile. Intrauterine transfusions do not influence the AFP profiles in a uniform way. The AFP concentration in maternal serum may be used in evaluation of severe rhesus-isoimmunized pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of the hemolytic uremic syndrome with plasma.

Two patients with the hemolytic uremic syndrome were treated with plasma exchange an infusion: in both cases, the reduced platelet count reverted to normal values and the microangiopathic anemia ceased within a few days. Systemic blood pressure and requirement for antihypertensive drug therapy were also markedly reduced following treatment with plasma. Venousprostacyclin (antiplatelet aggregating) activity was undetectable in both patients before but was restored after treatment with plasma. The plasma samples collected before, but not those collected at various intervals after replacement therapy, had decreased capacity to stimulate prostacyclin activity in rat aortic rings. It is suggested that in patients with the hemolytic uremic syndrome or with other clinical conditions which can be included under this rubric (such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura) a plasma factor is lacking which stimulates prostacyclin activity. Plasma would supply such a missing factor, thus representing a rational treatment for some of the life-threatening manifestations (thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, hypertension) of this severe syndrome.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1978

Morphologic effects following massive exchange transfusions with a stroma-free hemoglobin solution. I. Liver.

Hepatic morphology was studied in rats that were exchange transfused with either a stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFHS) or with various asanguineous resuscitative fluids. The animals under-went 75 per cent blood volume replacement and tissues were collected and fixed at timed intervals after the exchange transfusion. In addition, blood volumes were determined, using chromium labeled red blood cells, in both albumin and SFHS-treated rats at varying time periods after exchange transfusion. One hour following exchange transfusion, livers of animals infused with asanguineous fluids demonstrated marked centrolobular hepatocellular vacuolization and mitochondrial shape alterations consistent with the effects of hypoxia. SFHS appeared to protect the liver from these early abnormalities. However, at later time intervals livers of albumin-treated animals appeared normal, whereas those of SFHS-transfused rats exhibited centrolobular necrosis. Blood volume was reduced approximately 10 per cent during the first 18 hours after exchange transfusion with albumin, while SFHS-treated rats experienced a 42 per cent blood volume decrement in only 6 hours. Blood volumes were near normal in all animals by 48 hours. These findings suggest that SFHS protects the liver from hypoxia immediately after exchange transfusion, presumably by its ability to transport and release oxygen. However, the eventual disappearance of hemoglobin from the intravascular space is associated with a marked reduction in blood volume which is accompanied by hepatic ischemia and centrolobular necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Exchange transfusion in newborn infants: effects on granulocyte function.

During 23 exchange transfusions, the granulocytes from 27 donors and 16 newborn infants were tested for opsonic activity and granulocyte function by the nitrobluetetrazolium test. Granulocyte function in a newborn baby receiving an exchange transfusion can be altered positively or negatively, depending on the quality of the donor's blood. If exchange transfusion is used in the management of neonatal sepsis, special attention should be given to the immunological properties of the donor blood.

Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood↗
PubMed1979

Recent therapeutic advances in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Whole plasma infusion, in our experience, has been highly effective in the management of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The effectiveness of plasma infusion in the treatment of this severe disorder implies the deficiency of a factor in the patient's plasma. Furthermore, we have observed that when platelets are suspended in plasma obtained during active, untreated thrombotic purpura, aggregation occurs. This effect is neutralized by preincubation of the thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura plasma with normal plasma. Thus, there is both a correlation with the clinical pathogenic mechanism, disseminated platelet aggregation, and with the therapeutic response to plasma infusion. Based upon our experience and the concept that thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a plasma factor deficiency state, we recommend initial infusion of a full plasma volume equivalent over the first 24 hours. This should be done under an intensive care setting. After this initial plasma infusion, we advise the infusion of 3 units of plasma daily until a full remission is obtained. When the clinical situation has stabilized, we stop the daily plasma infusions and cautiously observe for recurrence of the manifestations of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. If there is a recurrence, plasma is again infused in substantial quantity during the first 24 hours and then 3 units daily until a full remission is again evident. Whether the plasma requirement might be attenuated or the course of the disease shortened by the concomitant use of antiplatelet agents, corticosteroids or other means remains to be determined.

Adolescent↗