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Results for “Exercise Movement Techniques”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Gross motor ability in Rett syndrome--the power of expectation, motivation and planning.

A main task for the physiotherapist at the Swedish Rett Center is to document and report successful treatment. This report shows the possibility to regain function, get variation and avoid contractures for several years. A thorough neurologic, orthopaedic and physiotherapeutic assessment and analysis is essential. We stress the importance of keeping the feet in good position, using surgery and well fitting orthoses when needed, making standing possible and for some persons, walking. For the effect of treatment the following factors were of vital importance: the expectations of the persons treating the girl/woman - what they believed she could do, the motivation of the girl/woman herself, a joint plan for intervention including everyone involved, and well educated personnel, well informed about Rett syndrome--its problems and possibilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A new postural balance control system for rehabilitation training based on virtual cycling.

A new rehabilitation training system was developed to improve postural balance control by combining virtual reality technology with an unfixed bicycle. Twenty healthy subjects participated in the present study by riding the virtual cycling system under two different conditions: with or without visual feedback. Data were collected on the following parameters: path deviation, cycling velocity, etc. As a result of conducting the repeated training, results showed improvement not only in the ability to control balance and weight shift but also in the overall cycling ability including the degree of path deviation and the cycling speed. It was concluded that the system was effective as a training device and, in addition, the technology might have a wider applicability to the rehabilitation field.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Reliability of maximal muscle force and voluntary activation as markers of exercise-induced muscle damage.

The loss of the ability of skeletal muscle to generate force is one of the most appropriate and valid means to quantify muscle damage. Routine measurements of maximal muscle force, however, include many potential sources of error, the most important of which may be a possible lack of central drive to the muscles. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability of maximal isometric quadriceps muscle force and voluntary activation over a time scale that is typically employed to examine the aetiology of exercise-induced muscle damage. We also attempted to characterise the reliability of several twitch interpolation variables including the size of the interpolated twitch and the state (i.e. un-potentiated vs potentiated) and size of the resting twitch. Over a 7-day period, eight healthy active males performed repeated maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the quadriceps (baseline and 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days post). Systematic variations in maximal muscle force, voluntary activation, interpolated twitch, un-potentiated twitch and potentiated twitch were not statistically significant (P>0.05) and 95% repeatability coefficients of +/-76.03 N, +/-4.42%, +/- 8.44 N, +/-25.92 N and +/-43.58 N were observed, respectively. These data indicate that young healthy well-familiarized male subjects can reproduce their perceived maximal efforts both within and between days where activation levels of >90% are routinely achieved. Providing activation remains within these limits in the 7 days following an acute bout of exercise, the researcher would be 95% certain that exercise-induced muscle damage is present in individual subjects (taken from similar subject populations) if MVC force falls outside these limits.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Adherence of adult cystic fibrosis patients with airway clearance and exercise regimens.

BACKGROUND: Regular airway clearance and exercise form an important part of the physiotherapy management of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Previous research has found that adherence of these patients with physiotherapy regimens is variable and influenced by factors such as sex and disease severity. To date, the adherence of Australian patients with CF has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to measure the adherence of a sample of Australian adult patients with CF and to ascertain factors that improved or decreased their adherence with physiotherapy. METHODS: Patients attending an Australian CF Unit were surveyed by an independent physiotherapist using a questionnaire based on the Manchester Cystic Fibrosis Compliance Questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty seven of the 84 patients registered with the Unit (67.9% response rate) completed the survey. Over the previous six months, 96.5% of patients reported doing some form of airway clearance, with 70.2% doing this daily or only occasionally missing one or two days. Regular exercise was performed by 91.2% of patients when well, with 77.8% also exercising regularly when unwell. The most common reasons for non-adherence with airway clearance regimens were being too busy and not being bothered. Being too busy and too tired were the most frequent reasons for decreased adherence with exercise. Frequency of performing airway clearance regimens significantly improved when patients felt unwell. Adherence with exercise regimens was significantly higher in those who worked or studied full time. CONCLUSION: Overall, the levels of adherence with physiotherapy regimens found in this study were considered to be satisfactory and higher than those previously reported in the literature, with time related factors being the most commonly reported reasons for decreasing adherence.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effect of therapeutic jaw exercise on temporomandibular disorders in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific therapeutic jaw exercise on the temporomandibular disorders of patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-four consecutive patients with whiplash-related conditions were referred to and accepted for a treatment period at a center for functional evaluation and rehabilitation during 2001-2002. The patients followed a program of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and pain management. At the start of their stay, they were examined by a physician specialized in rehabilitation medicine and also by a dentist who performed a functional examination of the stomatognathic system. Of the 93 patients who accepted participation in the study, 55 were diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders and chronic whiplash-associated disorders in accordance with the inclusion criteria. They were randomized into a jaw exercise group (n = 25), who performed specific therapeutic jaw exercises, and a control group (n = 30). Both groups undertook the whiplash rehabilitation program at the center. RESULTS: There were no inter- or intra-group differences in symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders at baseline, nor at the 3-week and 6-month follow-ups, except for an increase of maximum active mouth-opening capacity in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the therapeutic jaw exercises, in addition to the regular whiplash rehabilitation program, did not reduce symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Functional reorganization and recovery after constraint-induced movement therapy in subacute stroke: case reports.

Preliminary assessments of the feasibility, safety, and effects on neuronal reorganization measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) from Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) of the upper extremity were made in eight cases of subacute stroke. Within fourteen days of their stroke, patients were randomly assigned to two weeks of CIMT or traditional therapy. Baseline motor performance and cortical/subcortical representation for movement with TMS were assessed before treatment. Post-treatment assessments were made at the end of treatment and at three months after the stroke. The TMS mapping showed a larger motor representation in the lesioned hemisphere of the CIMT patients as compared to the controls at the three-month follow-up assessment. The enlarged motor representation in the lesioned hemisphere for hand movement correlated with improved motor function of the affected hand, suggesting a link between movement representation size as measured with TMS and functionality. These results suggest that TMS can be safely and effectively used to assess brain function in subacute stroke and further suggest that CIMT may enhance cortical/subcortical motor reorganization and accelerate motor recovery when started within the first two weeks after stroke.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Physical functioning and quality of life after cancer rehabilitation.

In order to overcome cancer-related problems and to improve quality of life, an intensive multi-focus rehabilitation programme for cancer patients was developed. We hypothesised that this six-week intensive rehabilitation programme would result in physiological improvements and improvement in quality of life. Thirty-four patients with cancer-related physical and psychosocial problems were the subjects of a prospective observational study. A six-week intensive multi-focus rehabilitation programme consisted of four components: individual exercise, sports, psycho-education, and information. Measurements (symptom-limited bicycle ergometry performance, muscle force and quality of life [RAND-36, RSCL, MFI]) were performed before (T0) and after six weeks of rehabilitation (T1). After the intensive rehabilitation programme, statistically significant improvements were found in symptom-limited bicycle ergometry performance, muscle force, and several domains of the RAND-36, RSCL and MFI. The six-week intensive multi-focus rehabilitation programme had immediate beneficial effects on physiological variables, on quality of life and on fatigue.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Kinesitherapy: one of the most important aspects of medical rehabilitation].

INTRODUCTION: Kinesitherapy, as a part of physical therapy, represents one of the most important aspects of medical rehabilitation. It involves movement of various parts of the body, or of the whole body, using exercises in order to maintain, establish, develop and change functions of the locomotor apparatus and organs of locomotion. AIM: The aim of kinesitherapy is to use all potentials of the treated patients, to achieve optimal recovery of the damaged function of locomotion. CLASSIFICATION: Kinesitherapy includes active and passive exercises. Active exercises are divided into: active exercises with assistance, without assistance and active exercises with resistance. INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS: Kinesitherapy is applied in almost all medical branches in numerous pathological conditions, as well as a method of prevention. Practically, there are no absolute contraindications, and relative are extremely rare.

Exercise Movement Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Constraint-induced movement therapy for recovery of upper-limb function following traumatic brain injury.

A volunteer sample of 22 participants with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) (onset >1 year) and relative hemiplegia that revealed moderate disability in the more-affected upper limb (UL) participated. Constraint-induced (CI) movement therapy (CI therapy) was employed for a 2-week period; treatments included massed practice, shaping of the more-affected UL, behavioral contracts, and other behavioral techniques for affecting transfer to a real-world setting. We used the Wolf Motor Function Test, the Fugl-Meyer Motor Performance Assessment, and the Motor Activity Log to measure outcomes. All outcome measures improved significantly as a result of the intervention. More-adherent participants had more improvement compared with less-adherent participants. These preliminary results suggest that CI therapy may be effective for improving UL motor function following chronic TBI.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Current concepts in the management of tendon disorders.

Primary disorders of tendons are common and constitute a high proportion of referrals to rheumatologists. Certain tendons are particularly vulnerable to degenerative pathology; these include the Achilles, patella, elements of the rotator cuff, forearm extensors, biceps brachi and tibialis posterior tendons. Disorders of these tendons are often chronic and can be difficult to manage successfully in the long term. Significant advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions. Histopathological evidence, together with advances in imaging techniques, has made us more appreciative of the degenerative (rather that inflammatory) nature of these conditions. Additionally the presence of neovascularization is now well-recognized in long-standing tendinopathy. We review the mechanical, vascular and developing neural theories that attempt to explain the aetiology of degenerative tendinopathy. We also explore theories of why specific tendons (such as the Achilles and supraspinatus tendons) are particularly prone to degenerative pathology. Traditionally, treatments have placed a heavy emphasis on anti-inflammatory strategies, which are often inappropriate. Recently, however, significant advances in the practical management of tendon disorders have been made. In particular the advent of 'eccentric loading' training programmes has revolutionized the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy in some patients. This concept is currently being extended to include other commonly injured tendons. Other current treatments are reviewed, as are potential future treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache.

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive physical treatments are often used to treat common types of chronic/recurrent headache. OBJECTIVES: To quantify and compare the magnitude of short- and long-term effects of non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headaches. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the following databases from their inception to November 2002: MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Science Citation Index, Dissertation Abstracts, CENTRAL, and the Specialised Register of the Cochrane Pain, Palliative Care and Supportive Care review group. Selected complementary medicine reference systems were searched as well. We also performed citation tracking and hand searching of potentially relevant journals. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headaches to any type of control. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent reviewers abstracted trial information and scored trials for methodological quality. Outcomes data were standardized into percentage point and effect size scores wherever possible. The strength of the evidence of effectiveness was assessed using pre-specified rules. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-two studies with a total of 2628 patients (age 12 to 78 years) met the inclusion criteria. Five types of headache were studied: migraine, tension-type, cervicogenic, a mix of migraine and tension-type, and post-traumatic headache. Ten studies had methodological quality scores of 50 or more (out of a possible 100 points), but many limitations were identified. We were unable to pool data because of study heterogeneity. For the prophylactic treatment of migraine headache, there is evidence that spinal manipulation may be an effective treatment option with a short-term effect similar to that of a commonly used, effective drug (amitriptyline). Other possible treatment options with weaker evidence of effectiveness are pulsating electromagnetic fields and a combination of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS] and electrical neurotransmitter modulation. For the prophylactic treatment of chronic tension-type headache, amitriptyline is more effective than spinal manipulation during treatment. However, spinal manipulation is superior in the short term after cessation of both treatments. Other possible treatment options with weaker evidence of effectiveness are therapeutic touch; cranial electrotherapy; a combination of TENS and electrical neurotransmitter modulation; and a regimen of auto-massage, TENS, and stretching. For episodic tension-type headache, there is evidence that adding spinal manipulation to massage is not effective. For the prophylactic treatment of cervicogenic headache, there is evidence that both neck exercise (low-intensity endurance training) and spinal manipulation are effective in the short and long term when compared to no treatment. There is also evidence that spinal manipulation is effective in the short term when compared to massage or placebo spinal manipulation, and weaker evidence when compared to spinal mobilization. There is weaker evidence that spinal mobilization is more effective in the short term than cold packs in the treatment of post-traumatic headache. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: A few non-invasive physical treatments may be effective as prophylactic treatments for chronic/recurrent headaches. Based on trial results, these treatments appear to be associated with little risk of serious adverse effects. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-invasive physical treatments require further research using scientifically rigorous methods. The heterogeneity of the studies included in this review means that the results of a few additional high-quality trials in the future could easily change the conclusions of our review.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2006

Effect of a qigong exercise programme on elderly with depression.

OBJECTIVES: This report released findings of a randomized controlled trial conducted in Hong Kong to further our understanding of the psychosocial effects of qigong on elderly persons with depression. DESIGN: Eighty-two participants with a diagnosis of depression or obvious features of depression were recruited and randomly assigned into the intervention and comparison group. The intervention group was given a 16-week period of Qigong practice while the comparison group participated in a newspaper reading group with same duration and frequency. RESULTS: After eight weeks of qigong practice, the intervention group participants outstripped themselves in improvement in mood, self-efficacy and personal well being, and physical and social domains of self-concept when compared with comparison subjects. After 16 weeks of practice, the improvement generalized to the daily task domain of the self-concept. CONCLUSIONS: This report shows that regular qigong practice could relieve depression, improve self-efficacy and personal well being among elderly persons with chronic physical illness and depression.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Deficits in rapid adjustments of movements according to task constraints in Parkinson's disease.

The role of the basal ganglia in the adaptive control of movement was investigated by unexpectedly perturbing movements in 8 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) tested off medication and in 6 aged-matched healthy subjects. Subjects performed two movement components simultaneously and without visual feedback: touching the nose with the finger while leaning the trunk forward. Subjects wore a harness connected to an electromagnet, which was attached to a wall. The trunk movement was mechanically blocked in randomly selected trials by engaging the electromagnet. While healthy subjects performed the task equally well in both conditions, PD subjects' hand movements significantly deteriorated in trunk-perturbed compared to trunk-free trials. Deteriorated hand movements were characterized by segmented hand paths, unsmooth velocity profiles, and prolonged movement times. This finding indicated that the relatively local trunk perturbation had a global effect on the hand movement of PD subjects, necessitating them to reinitiate, after some delay, their arm movement in perturbed trials. Thus, the basal ganglia may be a critical node in brain networks mediating the flexibility of responses to altered motor states.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Effects of home exercises and group training on functional abilities in home-dwelling older persons with mobility and balance problems. A randomized study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Exercise in older people may reduce falls and improve functional abilities. Less is known about the optimal amount of training. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of home training, and whether group training in addition to home training enhances the effect. METHODS: This randomized trial included 77 persons aged 75 years and older (mean 81, SD 4.5), living at home. Home training (HT) comprised twice-daily functional balance and strength exercises and 3 group meetings. Combined training (CT) included group training twice weekly and the same home exercises. The trial lasted 12 weeks. Physical therapists ran both programs. Exercises and falls were recorded daily. We assessed function at baseline, 3 and 9 months, and falls at one year. RESULTS: Mean participation for group meetings was 2.5 out of 3 (HT group) and, for group training sessions, 21 out of 24 (CT group). The mean numbers of daily home sessions were 1.29 and 1.35 in the HT and CT groups. Overall improvement, but no group differences, were found at 3 months for walking speed, Figure of Eight, Timed Up & Go, Maximum Step Length, Timed Pick-up and Sit-to-stand (p<0.02). Posturography (p=0.85) and isometric quadriceps strength (p=0.26) showed no improvement. Function at 9 months was equivalent to baseline level. There were no group differences in fall rate (p=0.78) or time to first fall (p=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Daily home training supervised by physical therapists improved functional abilities. Supplementary individualized group training gave no additional effect. The effect on function was not present 6 months after the end of the intervention.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2005

Pure eccentric exercise does not activate blood coagulation.

Eccentric exercise can cause skeletal muscle damage with ultrastructural disruption, inflammation and increased proteolytic enzyme activity. It may be possible that these changes are able to trigger blood coagulation in vivo. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in blood coagulation via the measurement of aPTT, the thrombin potential (total [TTP] and endogenous [ETP], both intrinsic [in] and extrinsic [ex]) and the thrombin generation (prothrombinfragment 1 + 2 [F1 + 2] and thrombin-antithrombin complex [TAT]) after pure eccentric exercise. Seventeen healthy non-smokers (28 +/- 6 years, VO2-peak 59 +/- 7 ml/min/kg) underwent pure eccentric down jumps (9 x 28 isolated down jumps in 90 min, drop from a height of 55 cm), a cycle exercise (90% of the individual anaerobic threshold for 60-90 min) and a control experiment on different days. Blood samples were drawn after a 30-min rest, immediately, and 2 h after exercise. After the cycle exercise, a clear shortening by 12% (P<0.001) in aPTT and an increase in TTPin (13%; P<0.05) and TAT (33%; P<0.05) in comparison to the control experiment were seen, while after eccentric exercise only minimal changes in aPTT and thrombin potential (TTPin, ETPin) and no thrombin generation (F1 + 2 and TAT) were found. In contrast to concentric dynamic exercise, e.g. cycle ergometry, only insignificant changes in thrombin potential and no thrombin generation could be observed after skeletal muscle damage induced by pure eccentric exercise. It can be concluded that the mechanical impact associated with eccentric exercise does not activate blood coagulation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on maximal intensity intermittent exercise performance.

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a common occurrence following activities with a high eccentric component. Alterations to the torque-velocity relationship following EIMD would appear to have serious implications for athletic performance, particularly as they relate to impairment of maximal intensity exercise. However, this has been studied infrequently. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of EIMD on maximal intermittent sprint performance. Ten male participants (age 22.4 +/- 3.2 years, height 178.6 +/- 5.2 cm, mass 80.6 +/- 10.7 kg) performed 10 x 6 s cycle ergometer sprints, interspersed with 24 s recovery against a load corresponding to 0.10 kp/kg and 10 x 10 m sprints from a standing start, each with 12 s active (walking) recovery. All variables were measured immediately before and at 30 min, 24, 48 and 72 h following a plyometric exercise protocol comprising of 10 x 10 maximal counter movement jumps. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant changes over time (all P<0.05) for perceived soreness, plasma creatine kinase activity (CK), peak power output (PPO), sprint time and rate of fatigue. Soreness was significantly higher (P<0.01) than baseline values at all time intervals (3.1, 4.9, 5.5 and 3.2 at 30 min, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively). CK was significantly elevated (P<0.05) at 24 h (239 IU/l) and 48 h (245 IU/l) compared to baseline (151 IU/l). PPO was significantly lower (P<0.05) than baseline (1,054 W) at all time intervals (888, 946, 852 and 895 W, at 30 min, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively). The rate of fatigue over the ten cycling sprints was reduced compared to baseline, with the greatest reduction of 48% occurring at 48 h (P<0.01). This was largely attributed to the lower PPO in the initial repetitions, resulting in a lower starting point for the rate of fatigue. Values returned to normal at 72 h. Sprint times over 10 m were higher (P<0.05) at 30 min, 24 h and 48 h compared to baseline (1.96 s) with values corresponding to 2.01, 2.02 and 2.01 at 30 min, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Values returned to baseline by 72 h. The results provide further evidence that, following a plyometric, muscle-damaging exercise protocol, the ability of the muscle to generate power is reduced for at least 3 days. This is also manifested by a small, but statistically significant reduction in very short-term (approximately 2 s) intermittent sprint running performance. These findings have implications for appropriate training strategies in multiple sprint sports.

Adaptation, Physiological↗