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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2024

Acute strength exercise training impacts differently the HERV-W expression and inflammatory biomarkers in resistance exercise training individuals.

BACKGROUND: Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are fossil viruses that composes 8% of the human genome and plays several important roles in human physiology, including muscle repair/myogenesis. It is believed that inflammation may also regulate HERV expression, and therefore may contribute in the muscle repair, especially after training exercise. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of HERVs expression and inflammation profile in practitioners' resistance exercises after an acute strength training session. METHODS: Healthy volunteers were separated in regular practitioners of resistance exercise training group (REG, n = 27) and non-trained individuals (Control Group, n = 20). All individuals performed a strength exercise section. Blood samples were collected before the exercise (T0) and 45 minutes after the training session (T1). HERV-K (HML1-10) and W were relatively quantified, cytokine concentration and circulating microparticles were assessed. RESULTS: REG presented higher level of HERV-W expression (~2.5 fold change) than CG at T1 (p<0.01). No difference was observed in the levels of HERV-K expression between the groups as well as the time points. Higher serum TNF-&#x3b1; and IL-10 levels were verified post-training session in REG and CG (p<0.01), and in REG was found a positive correlation between the levels of TNF-&#x3b1; at T1 and IL-10 at T0 (p = 0.01). Finally, a lower endothelial microparticle percentage was observed in REG at T1 than in T0 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: REG individuals exhibited a significant upregulation of HERV-W and modulation of inflammatory markers when compared to CG. This combined effect could potentially support the process of skeletal muscle repair in the exercised individuals.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Effect of dietary control and exercise training on daily food intake and serum lipids in postmyocardial infarction patients.

The effects of 12 weeks of exercise training without dietary control (n = 30) and exercise training with dietary control by dietition counseling (n = 30) and exercise training with dietary control by dietition counseling (n = 30) on serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and total substrate contents were studied in 60 postmyocardial infarction patients. Both groups showed reductions (P less than 0.01) in mean total daily kilocalories consumed (2867 +/- 82 versus 2088 +/- 77 and 2848 +/- 15 versus 1285 +/- 68, respectively); however, no significant change occurred in total body weight. The dietary control group consumed relatively more kilocalories as protein than the group without dietary control (285 of 1,285 versus 389 of 2,088, respectively) and less (P less than 0.05) as fat (443 of 1285 versus 804 of 2,089, respectively). Both groups had lower (P less than 0.01) mean daily dietary cholesterol after 12 weeks (811 +/- 44 versus 232 +/- 17 mg) versus (325 +/- 18 versus 309 +/- 23 mg, respectively). A reduction in serum cholesterol (P less than 0.05) was seen in the dietary control group (270 +/- 8 versus 243 +/- 7 mg/dl) but not in the group without dietary control (260 +/- 6 versus 261 +/- 7 mg/dl). The dietary control group had a lower mean triglyceride level (P less than 0.05) (229 +/- 24 versus 155 +/- 18 mg/dl)) but no differences were seen in the group without dietary control (189 +/- 15 versus 180 +/- 13 mg/dl). It is concluded that significant reductions in caloric intake and daily cholesterol compliment the effects of exercise training in postmyocardial infarction patients by increasing substrate protein:fat consumption ratio and by reducing serum cholesterol and triglycerides. These effects are not seen with exercise training alone.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1975

Heart norepinephrine levels after exercise training in the rat.

Rats exercise trained by swimming one hour daily five days per week for three months developed cardiac hypertrophy. The NE concentration (0.469 mug/g) and total NE content (0.741/mug) of the hypertrophied hearts were not significantly different from levels in hearts of unexercised control rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Effects of Intravenously Administered Plasma from Exercise-Trained Donors on Mitochondrial Respiration in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

PURPOSE: Dysfunction of mitochondria is observed early in Alzheimer's disease (AD), possibly driving the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aims to assess whether plasma from exercise-trained donors can enhance mitochondrial function in a transgenic AD model and to gain insight into the proteomic profile of the donor plasma. METHODS: Male McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats (n = 3 per treatment group) were treated at either an early preplaque stage (2.2 months) or a later stage (5.2 months) with plasma from exercise-trained donors (ExPlas), sedentary donors (SedPlas), or saline. The rats received 14 transfusions over 6&#x2009;wk. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed in cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus (DG), gastrocnemius, and left ventricle using high-resolution respirometry. Proteomic analyses were performed in donor blood using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: In early-stage AD rats, ExPlas improved hippocampal mitochondrial respiration. Compared with saline, CA oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity for complex I increased by +30.8 pmol O2&#xb7;s-1&#xb7;mg-1 (P < 0.001) and CI+II by +37.8 pmol O2&#xb7;s-1&#xb7;mg-1 (P < 0.001). Compared with SedPlas, CA OXPHOS for CI increased by +16.9 pmol O2&#xb7;s-1&#xb7;mg-1 (P = 0.01) and CI+II by +23.8 pmol O2&#xb7;s-1&#xb7;mg-1 (P = 0.007). In DG, similar improvements were only seen compared with saline. In CA, but not DG, of later-stage rats, ExPlas produced smaller but significant increases in CI and CI+II OXPHOS compared with saline, but no significant differences compared with SedPlas. No changes were observed in muscle or heart. Proteomics revealed enrichment of complement and platelet-related pathways in ExPlas. CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study shows that exercise-trained donor plasma enhances hippocampal mitochondrial respiration in early-stage AD rats and, to a lesser extent, in later-stage AD rats. The proteomic profile of the exercise-trained donor plasma indicates a role of altered complement and platelet functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of exercise training and exhaustion on 45Ca uptake by rat skeletal muscle mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticular 45Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-ATPase activity were determined in skeletal muscle from exercise trained and non-trained rats at rest or following short-term exhaustive exercise. In trained rats exercised to exhaustion, mitochondrial 45Ca2+ uptake was significantly depressed when compared to non-trained rats at rest. Ca2+-ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum from trained rats exercised to exhaustion was significantly increased as compared to trained rats at rest. These data suggest that the disruptive influence of Ca2+ accumulation in mitochondria isolated following exhaustive exercise may be diminished as a result of training.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Contractile function and myofibrillar ATPase activity in the exercise-trained dog heart.

Myocardial contractility and the enzymatic (ATPase) activity of cardiac contractile proteins were examined after exercise training using the chronically instrumented, unanesthetized dog as an experimental model. Before training, heart rate and the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure development (max dP/dt) were measured at rest and during submaximal exercise. Animals were then subjected to an 8- to 10-wk treadmill running program. Training was verified by the establishment of a 10- to 20-beat/min reduction in heart rate during submaximal exercise. After training max dP/dt was within normal limits at rest, but significantly elevated during submaximal exercise. When max dP/dt was plotted as a function of heart rate, either with the animal standing quietly on the treadmill or during submaximal exercise, a marked elevation in max dP/dt at any given heart rate was observed following training. Myofibrillar protein yield and ATPase activity values were nearly identical in left ventricles from exercise-trained and sedentary control dogs. Although exercise training by treadmill running improved contractile function in the unanesthetized dog myocardium, this response does not appear to involve alterations in myofibrillar ATPase activity.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2026

The effect of sex and endurance exercise training on the incretin signaling pathway in 17 rat tissues.

Incretin-based pharmacotherapies, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, have transformed the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with demonstrated benefits across multiple organ systems. Their success has driven the investigation of related gut-derived hormones, most prominently dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists, but extend to other targets with similar metabolic functions. For this class of drugs, the extent to which organ health improvements are secondary to improved systemic glycemic control versus direct tissue signaling remains unclear, partly because receptor availability across tissues is poorly annotated. We leveraged data from the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium to annotate incretin receptor expression across 17 tissues in Fischer 344 rats and the Genotype-Tissue Expression Portal for human-level receptor expression. Furthermore, given the role of exercise in the preservation of muscle mass during weight loss, we analyzed the effects of 1, 2, 4, or 8 wk of treadmill exercise training on incretin-related signaling at the epigenetic, transcript, and protein levels. Endurance training elicited sex- and tissue-specific changes in incretin receptor expression, including downregulation of Gcgr across brown adipose, adrenal glands, and white adipose tissue (WAT). Training-induced Gipr regulation occurred in the adrenal glands, brain cortex, and hippocampus. Collectively, these findings contribute to the map of incretin receptor biology and identify exercise-responsive regulatory axes that may underlie synergistic effects of exercise and incretin-based therapies on weight management and metabolic health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first multiomic, multitissue description of incretin signaling receptor expression and regulation in response to endurance exercise training. We identify time point and sex-specific changes in incretin signaling across tissues, highlighting training effects on Gcgr, Gipr, and Sctr regulation in the adrenals, WAT, and brain. These findings help establish an exercise-responsive incretin signaling axis that may identify interactions from incretin-based therapies and exercise-based lifestyle interventions.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Metabolic Stress Testing Reveals Persistent Lipid-Handling Dysfunction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Despite Exercise Training.

AIM: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, yet baseline metabolomic studies show inconsistent findings. We investigated whether metabolic abnormalities in PCOS emerge under physiological stress and how these responses are modified by exercise training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve women with PCOS and 10 controls completed hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps with randomised saline or lipid infusion, before and after 8&#x2009;weeks of supervised exercise. Plasma metabolomics (163 metabolites) were measured at baseline, post-infusion and post-clamp. Linear mixed-effects models assessed Group&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;Timepoint&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;Intervention interactions. RESULTS: No baseline metabolite differences were observed between groups. A significant three-way interaction (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.008) indicated condition-dependent trajectory divergence. Post hoc analysis revealed a specific divergence during post-exercise lipid challenge (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.048). Women with PCOS showed reduced suppression of ether-linked phosphatidylcholines during insulin-stimulated lipid loading (PC ae C44:4, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.031), despite exercise-induced improvements in fitness and normalisation of amino acid profiles. Exploratory metabolite ratios suggested impaired substrate coordination under stress. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic defects in PCOS are stress-dependent and not detectable at rest. Exercise training improves resting metabolism but reveals persistent impairment in adaptive lipid handling during combined insulin and lipid challenges, suggesting impaired coordination of substrate supply during metabolic stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ISRCTN42448814.

Humans↗
PubMed2024

Molecular adaptations in response to exercise training are associated with tissue-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures.

Regular exercise has many physical and brain health benefits, yet the molecular mechanisms mediating exercise effects across tissues remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed 400 high-quality DNA methylation, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq datasets from eight tissues from control and endurance exercise-trained (EET) rats. Integration of baseline datasets mapped the gene location dependence of epigenetic control features and identified differing regulatory landscapes in each tissue. The transcriptional responses to 8&#xa0;weeks of EET showed little overlap across tissues and predominantly comprised tissue-type enriched genes. We identified sex differences in the transcriptomic and epigenomic changes induced by EET. However, the sex-biased gene responses were linked to shared signaling pathways. We found that many G protein-coupled receptor-encoding genes are regulated by EET, suggesting a role for these receptors in mediating the molecular adaptations to training across tissues. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying EET-induced health benefits across organs.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Effects of cinnamon supplementation combined with exercise training on anthropometric indices and reproductive hormones in overweight and obese women.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity and increased fat in the chest and abdomen in women and hormonal changes, can affect female fertility. The present study aims to investigate the effect of exercise training combined with cinnamon supplementation on chest and abdominal circumference, as well as sex hormones, in overweight and obese women. METHODS: Twenty-six inactive overweight and obese women were randomly allocated to an exercise (E; n = 13) and exercise plus cinnamon supplementation (E+S; n = 13) group. Both groups completed a 4-week exercise program three times weekly, while the E+S group additionally received cinnamon supplementation three times weekly. Chest and abdominal circumferences and serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Significant pre-to-post reductions in chest and abdominal circumference were observed in both groups (all p &#x2264; 0.005). Estradiol, progesterone, and FSH concentrations increased, whereas LH concentrations decreased significantly in both groups (all p &#x2264; 0.005). However, between-group comparisons revealed a significant difference only for chest circumference (p = 0.003), with no significant group differences in abdominal circumference or any reproductive hormone concentration (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both groups showed favorable changes in anthropometric and reproductive hormone measures following the 4-week study period. However, the significant between-group difference was limited to chest circumference, providing no clear evidence that cinnamon supplementation conferred additional benefits for abdominal circumference or reproductive hormone profiles beyond those observed with exercise. These findings highlight the potential relevance of exercise-based interventions while warranting confirmation in larger, adequately powered trials.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Long-term effects of physical training on coronary patients with impaired ventricular function.

Eighteen patients with coronary heart disease and an ejection fraction of 0.40 or less were entered into an individualized exercise training program. Maximal symptom-limited exercise stress test and cardiac catheterization studies were performed initially and 12--42 months (average 18.5 months) after exercise training. At the time of the follow-up study, the mean functional aerobic impairment (FAI) improved from 32.1 to 23.4% (p less than or equal to 0.01); resting and submaximal heart rates were significantly lower (p less than 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). There was no significant change in the pulmonary artery or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index, stroke index, left ventricular end-diastolic volume or ejection fraction. Exercise training, therefore, can be beneficial even for patients with impaired ventricular function. Increase in physical work capacity was not correlated with improvement of ventricular function; on the other hand, exercise training did not cause deterioration of ventricular function.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A study of changes in the spine in weight lifters and other athletes.

The present study was undertaken in sportsmen of those groups of sports activities where weight training exercises constitute a major part of the training. Two groups consisting of 25 weight-lifters and 25 track and field athletes were studied to find out the effect of sports activities and lifting weights on the spine. 84% weight-lifters and 72% track and field athletes suffered from varying abnormalities. Incidence of backache in 25 weight-lifters was 40% and in 25 track and field athletes 48%. Radiological changes were more common in weight-lifters (84%) than in athletes (72%). Reduction in lumbar lordosis was found in three cases (12%) in both the groups. Obtuse angle deformity of vertebral margins was found in 11 cases (44%) amongst weight-lifters and six cases (24%) amongst athletes. Osteophytic formation was found in six cases (24%) in weight-lifters and four cases (16%) in athletes. Schmorl's node were noticed in five cases (20%) amongst weight-lifters and seven cases (28%) amongst athletes. The incidences of spondylosis and Schmorl's node were found only in those cases who had been doing weight training exercises for more than four years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Red cell hemoglobin, hydrogen ion and electrolyte concentrations during exercise in trained and untrained subjects.

Red cell concentrations of hemoglobin (MCHC), H+, Na+, K+, Mg++, cl- were measured in femoral venous blood of six untrained (UT), six endurance trained (TR) and three semitrained (ST) subjects during graded increasing work (4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 mkp/s, 10-15 min on each step) on a bicycle ergometer. Before exercise no significant differences were detected for the measured variables when comparing UT and TR. During exercise MCHC, [Na+], [K+] and [Mg++] remained constant indicating lack of water shift into the erythrocytes in spite of a marked acidosis (lowest pH Blood value 7.225). This lack resulted from an elevated extracellular osmolality. [H+]Ery and [Cl-]Ery maximally increased by 2.0 X 10(-8) eq/kg H2O and 10 meq/l, respectively. The change was markedly greater in UT than in TR at equal load. However, if [H+] Ery and [Cl-] Ery were related to pH of whole blood, differences between groups, almost disappeared and the ions were distributed as predictable from in vitro experiments (Fitzsimmons and Sendroy, 1961). Behaviour of H+ and Cl- may be of importance for oxygen dissociation under in vivo conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Adaptation of actomyosin ATPase in different types of muscle to endurance exercise.

Higher concentrations of actomyosin were found in the red portion of the vastus lateralis and in the white portion of the vastus lateralis muscle than in the soleus or heart in rats. A strenuous program of treadmill running lasting 18 wk or longer did not significantly affect the amount of actomyosin recovered from the different types of muscle. No changes in actomyosin ATPase occurred in fast-twitch white (white vastus) or heart muscles in response to the exercise training. In contrast, a decrease of approximately 20% occurred in the specific activity of actomyosin ATPase of fast-twitch red (red vastus) muscle (0.635 +/- 0.029 mumol Pi/min per milligram for sedentary vs. 0.529 +/- 0.021 mumol Pi/min per milligram for trained), while the actomyosin ATPase activity of slow-twitch red (soleus) muscle increased about 20% (0.209 +/- 0.033 vs. 0.257 +/- 0.031 mumol Pi/min per milligram). There was a close correlation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.001) between actomyosin ATPase activity and phosphofructokinase activity in the three types of skeletal muscles and in heart muscle of exercise-trained and untrained animals, providing further evidence in support of the concept that the glycogenolytic capacity of a muscle and its actomyosin ATPase activity are regulated in parallel.

Actomyosin↗
PubMed1977

Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle: effects of training and fatique.

The effects of exercise training and fatique on the contractile properties of rat soleus muscles have been investigated. Prolonged exercise, consisting of 2 h or daily treadmill running, induced small but significant decrease in contraction time, one-half relaxation time, and maximum tetanic tension (Po), and increase in the peak rate of tension development (dP/dt) during a twitch, and an increase in maximum shortening velocity (Vmax). The 20% increase in Vmax was proportional to the previously reported increase in actomyosin ATPase induced by 2 h of daily running. These results indicate that prolonged training can induce modifications of the neurally determined contractile properties of skeletal muscle. To investigate the effects of fatigue, soleus muscles were stimulated in situ with 250-ms trains of 100 Hz at a rate of 110 trains per minute for 30 min. This resulted in a 32% decrease in Po, a 48% decline in peak tetanic dP/dt, and a 12% decrease in Vmax in muscles of untrained animals. Muscles that had adapted to exercise were significantly protected against the decrease in Po (only an 8% decrease) and Vmax (no significant decrease) but not against the decline in peak dP/dt.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Muscle fiber involvement during training of different intensities and durations.

The extent of skeletal muscle fiber type involvement during exercise training was evaluated by assessing the increase in oxidative markers in the muscles of rats trained by various exercise programs. Rats were trained by running 6 days/wk at 1 mph for 12 wk by one of four protocols: group I-10% grade, 2 h/day; group II-10% grade, 4 h/day; group III-30% grade, 40 min/day; and group IV-30% grade, 2 h/day. No distinction was found between the different programs for the increase in cytochrome c content or citrate synthase (CS) activity of mixed muscle. The more intense programs utilizing a 30% grade induced an increase in CS activity in the fast-twitch white (FTW) fiber that was twice that found in the 10% grade groups. The fast-twitch red (FTR) fibers of the 2 h/day or more groups showed a similar increase (90-95%) in CS activity except for the group that ran for only 40 min/day. These data suggest that: 1) running durations of moderately intense exercise longer than 2 h/day do not further increase the oxidative capacity of the working muscles; and 2) more intense exercise builds on the performance of previously used FTR fibers and additionally involves the low oxidative FTW fibers.

Animals↗