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Results for “Expenditures--statistics”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1993

Metabolic and anthropometric changes in female weight cyclers and controls over a 1-year period.

OBJECTIVE: Women who diet to lose weight often regain the weight over time, and the cycle repeats itself. The objective of this study was to identify a group of female weight cyclers and to match them with a control group who had never consciously tried to lose weight. For 1 year, weight patterns, eating habits, metabolic parameters, and body composition were assessed to determine whether there was a relationship between weight cycling and these variables. DESIGN: Measurements were done at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Changes in weight, diet, and exercise were monitored throughout the year. SETTING: All testing was done at a university physiology laboratory. SUBJECTS/SAMPLES: Nine weight cyclers with a notable history of dieting and food restriction were recruited. Subsequently, nine control subjects were selected and matched for age, height, weight, lean body mass, and exercise habits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The observational study included measures of 3-day diet records, skinfold and girth, serum glucose, insulin and triiodothyronine, and resting energy expenditure. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: The main variables were analyzed using a 2 x 3 (diet group x time) analysis of variance with repeated measures on the time factor. Comparison of the means was done by Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS: A 7-point satisfaction scale indicated that the weight cyclers were dissatisfied with their weight compared with the noncyclers (P = .03). Otherwise, there were no differences between groups in dietary intakes or the physiologic variables. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: In the parameters measured, a history of weight cycling did not affect the metabolic profiles of the weight cyclers compared with the noncyclers.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2003

A new handheld device for measuring resting metabolic rate and oxygen consumption.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test a new handheld device, the BodyGem (HealtheTech Inc., Golden, CO), that measures resting metabolic rate (RMR). SUBJECTS/DESIGN: Sixty-three adults (43 women, 20 men) (mean+/-SD, age 41.3+/-11.2 years and body mass index, 26.5+/-6.6 kg/m(2)) were tested during two separate sessions within a 2-week period, and, in each session, two BodyGem and two Douglas bag RMR measurements were made in a random and counterbalanced order. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Resting oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: A 2 (methods) x 4 (time points) repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson product-moment coefficients, Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: Within session reliability for measurement of O(2), consumption was high on both days for the BodyGem (r=0.97). During the 4 single tests, BodyGem and Douglas bag O(2) consumption values were significantly correlated (r=0.81-0.87), with SEEs ranging from 22 to 28 mL. min(-1). Mean O(2) consumption and RMR values for all 4 tests were 241+/-46 and 240+/-45 mL x min(-1) (r=0.91, SEE 18.7 mL x min(-1)) and 1,657+/-324 and 1,650+/-307 kcals x day(-1) (r=0.91, SEE 134 kcals x day(-1)) for the BodyGem and Douglas bag methods, respectively. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the BodyGem is an accurate and reliable device for measuring oxygen consumption and calculating RMR during repeated tests within a day, single tests on separate days, or when measurements are averaged.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[How frequent are diabetes-related amputations of the lower limbs in Germany? An analysis on the basis of routine data].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The total number of lower limb amputations in Germany as well as the frequency of lower limb amputations attributable to diabetes is unknown. Currently available estimates are based on regional studies resulting in different totals. The aim of this study was to perform a census of all lower limb amputations in Germany in order to obtain valid estimates of the number of amputations attributable to diabetes mellitus in Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hospital performance and expenditure statistics were used to obtain a comprehensive count of lower limb amputations. The number of amputations in diabetic patients as well as the number of diabetes-related amputations were assessed by calculating the proportion of diabetes among amputees as well as attributable amputations standardized to the age and gender distribution in Germany in 2001, using routine data from the Local Health Insurance Funds (AOK) as well as previous analyses from Germany. RESULTS: In 2001, 43,544 lower limb amputations and additional 3,981 revisions of amputations were performed in Germany. Among these almost 29,000 lower limb amputations were estimated to be performed in diabetic patients. More than 26,000 lower limb amputations per year were estimated to have been attributable to pre-existing diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS: Lower limb amputations as a complication of diabetes mellitus are more frequent in Germany than previously estimated. Intensified prevention and therapy--as intended in disease management programs--are urgently needed to decrease the complications of diabetes and ultimately to reduce diabetes mellitus-related costs.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Energy expenditure of dockers performing heavy loading/discharging works and of other occupational groups in ports.

The examinations conducted in 1986-1990 comprised 1123 harbour workers in ports of Gdańsk and Gdynia. The mean age of all persons examined was 42.38 +/- 11.27, the mean period of the employment at port was 19.38 +/- 7.20 years. In the group stevedore-trimmers the corresponding values were 38.13 +/- 10.81 and 14.27 +/- 5.76 years, respectively. Average body height in the whole group of men investigated was 173.46 +/- 6.43 cm. The lowest body mass found in stevedores and trimmers was 76.36 +/- 11.43 kg, the highest in supervisors and controllers was 82.32 +/- 10.76 kg. The energy expenditure of the occupational work in the groups examined fell within a wide range from 493.25 +/- 45.09 kcal (2064.19 +/- 177.05 kJ) to 2335.79 +/- 326.02 kcal (9778.62 +/- 1234.34 kJ). The energy expenditure of stacking-yard tenders, shipping clerks, tallymen, foremen, hoistmen and cranemen fluctuated within the range of 493.25 +/- 45.09 kcal (2064.19 +/- 177.05 kJ) and 614.08 +/- 67.23 kcal (2567.06 +/- 254.74 kJ). In the group of maintenance workers of mechanical equipment: from 886.98 +/- 144.09 kcal (3722.85 +/- 378.03 kJ) to 1268.65 +/- 231.45 kcal (5309.11 +/- 824.00 kJ). In the largest group of mechanical equipment operators it was 1142.06 +/- 102.45 kcal (4646.45 +/- 386.05 kJ) on the average. The energy expenditures of stevedores and trimmers in all loading operations fell in the range from 1714.5 kcal (7176.9 kJ) to 2678.5 kcal (11213.9 kJ) and per eight hour shift they averaged 2047.03 +/- 257.25 kcal (8568.90 +/- 1076.85 kJ). Such results of the energy expenditures of stevedores and trimmers occupational jobs qualify it as heavy and in several loading operations as very heavy, the remaining groups perform work counted light and mean, periodically moderate. Out of all the occupational groups of the harbour workers examined, the labour of stevedores and trimmers was characterized by the highest energy expenditure, statistically higher than in other groups of dockers. It was found that the lower was the energy expenditure at work in a given group, the higher was the average body mass and the incidence of overweight and obesity in the groups of workers examined.

Adult↗

PubMed1982