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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual networking in the Ekiti district of Nigeria.

The confirmation of a significant number of HIV-positive persons and some deaths due to AIDS in Nigeria has rendered more urgent the study of sexual networking, both for an understanding of the risk of HIV transmission and also that of sexually transmitted diseases, which may serve as a vehicle for HIV infection. This article reports on a research project that concentrated initially on developing both small-scale survey and anthropological methodology to a point where reliable information was obtained. The research was carried out in both urban and rural areas of Ekiti, Nigeria, a Yoruba district 150 miles northeast of Lagos. Findings are reported from both the survey of 200 men and 200 women and the supplementary specialized in-depth studies. A high level of premarital and extramarital sexual activity was shown to exist, with higher levels among men than women and in urban than rural areas. Most female extramarital relations in rural areas were occasioned by the need for material or economic assistance and were highest among the younger wives in polygynous marriages. Male extramarital relations were highest in monogamous marriages and were frequently explained by wives' periods of postpartum sexual abstinence. Polygyny and postpartum sexual abstinence were underlying social institutions that explained much of the sexual networking. Reported levels of sexually transmitted disease were high, as were beliefs that these disease could be treated successfully by traditional healers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Sexual adjustment after lower extremity amputation.

Sexual adjustment following lower extremity amputation was evaluated by interviewing 60 adults with recent amputations, 39 men and 21 women, after they had become independent in ambulation with a prosthesis. Among the men, 77% reported a substantial decrease in the frequency of sexual intercourse following amputation, while only 38% of the women reported a decrease. The decreased frequency was greater for nonmarried men than for married men, greater for men with above-knee amputations than for men with below-knee amputations, and greater for male amputee patients in whom phantom phenomena persisted compared to those in whom phantom phenomena no longer existed. The decreased frequency of intercourse for male amputee patients was unrelated to the patient's age, education, and etiology of amputation. There was no significant change in other aspects of sexual activity, including oral-genital relations, masturbation, homosexuality, and extramarital relations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual life and sexual frigidity among women developing acute myocardial infarction.

The various aspects of the sexual life of 100 female patients aged 40-60 with acute myocardial infarction were compared with those of a control group of 100 female patients of the same age, hospitalized for other diseases. Sexual frigidity and dissatisfaction were found among 65% of the coronary patients as compared with 24% of the controls. The commonest cause for sexual dissatisfaction was premature ejaculation or impotence in the husband. The incidence of premarital sexual relations was greater among the frigid patients when compared with those who achieved orgasm. The coronary patients had an earlier menopausal age than the controls. The number of coronary patients who underwent artificial abortions in the past was lower than in the control group. All these findings were statistically significant at a level of P less than 0.05. No connection was found between extramarital relations and sexual frigidity. There was no relation found between sexual frigidity and diabetes, essential hypertension, marital status, pathological gynecological findings, or localization of the infarction. Until now, sexual frigidity and dissatisfaction appear to have been a neglected aspect in the female coronary patient.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1991

AIDS-related knowledge, sexual behavior, and condom use among men and women in Kinshasa, Zaire.

This study was conducted in 1988 among a random sample of 6,625 men and women of reproductive age in all 24 administrative zones of Kinshasa, the capital city of Zaire, to determine existing levels of knowledge regarding AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), sexual behavior, knowledge and use of condoms in marital and extramarital relations; perceived risk of AIDS, and attitudes toward testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Awareness of AIDS is almost universal, and the vast majority know the four main modes of transmission. Almost half believed in transmission by mosquitoes and in a vaccine or cure for AIDS. The majority of male respondents knew of condoms, but negative attitudes toward condom use are widespread, and few respondents perceived them to play a central role in combatting AIDS.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1976

Female responsiveness to erotic films and the "ideal" erotic film from a feminine perspective.

Subjects were 20 volunteers randomly selected from all female undergraduate students attending a local university, who were 21 years of age or older, and living off campus. The stimuli consisted of seven films, of approximately 5 minutes duration each, which depicted various types of human sexual behavior. Themes included "romantic" heterosexual behavior, primarily genital heterosexual behavior, a mild, and an explicit form of group-sex behavior, a mild and explicit form of heterosexual sadomasochistic behavior, and male homosexuality. Subjects rated the degree of sexual arousal experienced for each film on a 50-point Likert scale. The order of presentation of the films for each subject was randomized, and all subjects participated individually with only a female experimenter present. Following the rating period, subjects completed the Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test (9). Finally, a structured interview was conducted to probe specific likes and dislikes with respect to the content of the films viewed. Results indicated that rank order ratings of the films, from most to least sexually stimulating, was: heterosexual, romantic; group-sex mild (two males and one female); heterosexual-genital; group-sex explicit (three males and three females); sadomasochism (mild); sadomasochism-explicit (forcing and brutal); and male homosexuality. One conclusion that the data led to was that females preferred and were significantly more sexually stimulated by films in which a male related to a female (even if the male was treating the female cruelly) than they were by homosexual stimuli involving two males together. Correlational data between the rating responses and the Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test yielded much information including significant negative correlations between ratings of both group-sex films and rejection of sexual myths. Also, significant positive correlations were found between rated degree of sexual stimulation for the heterosexual and the group-sex films and the consideration of pre- and extramarital relations as acceptable or even desirable.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

The social impact of AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The potential expansion of the HIV epidemic and its cultural impact in sub-Saharan Africa are vast. Projections under conservative assumptions suggest that the toll of AIDS will reach five million annual deaths by 2010, although the net African population will continue to increase significantly. Cultural practices, including large differences in age between men and women at marriage and a long period of postpartum abstinence, have contributed to the frequency of extramarital relations and eased the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. In response to the spread of AIDS, social adaptations will include profound changes in sexual behavior, marriage customs, and childbearing.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Homophobia and attitudes about AIDS.

A random sample of 407 French Canadian adults responded to a questionnaire about perception of AIDS. Negative attitudes about AIDS are better predicted by homophobia than other measures as are attitudes about extramarital relations and attitudes abut adolescent heterosexuality.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Use of genealogical patterns to record family relationships].

The authors draw attention to the possibility to use classical genealogical patterns for recording basic characteristics of families during psychological and psychiatric examinations. In the pattern the birth order, age and sex of siblings, relationship in the dyad or between family members, dominance and submissiveness, extramarital relations etc. can be indicated. The pattern ensures easy orientation, makes the work faster and the data can be used for research purposes.

Family↗
PubMed1990

Male knowledge of and attitudes and practices towards AIDS in Zimbabwe.

This paper presents findings from a survey on knowledge of and attitudes and practices towards AIDS among currently married Zimbabwean men conducted between April and June 1988. Findings indicated that knowledge was reasonably high: 89.7% reported having heard of AIDS. The young and middle-aged groups, the most educated, and the urban men were the most knowledgeable in identifying routes of transmission. However, 22% did not know that there could be asymptomatic carriers of the virus capable of transmitting the virus and infecting others. Furthermore, 38% did not know that all those affected with AIDS eventually die as a result, and only 55% knew that there is no cure for AIDS. Behavioral change in order to avoid contracting AIDS seems relatively low given this sample's history of sexually transmitted diseases and extramarital sexual relations during the year prior to the survey. Although condom use was the lowest percentage of the behavioral change categories, a high percentage reported ever using a condom.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1977

Sexual standards and behavior of the kibbutz adolescent.

This paper explores the effects of the past decade's "sexual revolution" on adolescents in the kibbutz. Greater sexual freedom, within the context of a stable and affective relationship, is increasingly finding acceptance among kibbutz youth and their elders. The change in adolescent sexual standards is discussed in relation to broader social and philosophical changes in adult society in general, and kibbutz ideology in particular.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Sexual behavior correlates of female orgasm and marital happiness.

The present study was designed to investigate sexual behavior correlates of marital happiness and female orgasm. Forty-eight female students of Baylor University who were 20 to 35 years old and had been married at least 2 years participated in the survey. A specially compiled 131-item marital relations questionnaire provided data for an intercorrelational analysis. Marital happiness, fidelity, and experience of orgasm correlated with certain specific sexual behaviors. These variables were related also to dissatisfaction with marital sex, which is consistent with previous research. However, when dissatisfaction resulting from performing less desired sexual acts was separated from dissatisfaction resulting from not performing desired sexual acts, the correlations differed, often markedly. Thus, the data suggest that unitary measures of dissatisfaction with marital sex may obscure meaningful differences. Also, information was obtained concerning the orgasmic and multiple orgasmic experience of the women, their extramartial experience, and their relative use of and preference for various intercourse positions and noncoital sexual activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Premarital sexual careers and partner change.

Attitudes toward premarital sexual behavior, lifetime prevalence of sexual activity, and the variation in exposure to sexual intercourse is described. The main focus is on the number of sex partners and the social context of partner change. The variation by social and demographic characteristics in the number of sex partners is analyzed. Despite considerable variation in partner change behavior among the women, the relative pervasiveness of this behavior across social and demographic categories is notable. The influence of the exposure variables stand out. The number of sex partners steadily increases with increasing length of exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Gonorrhoea and foreign immigrants at Rotterdam University Hospital.

It is estimated, contrary to public opinion and a quick glance at the waiting room of the sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Rotterdam, that the incidence of gonorrhoea among foreign immigrants is only a little greater than among the Dutch population. The analysis corroborates the common sense idea that the higher incidence of gonorrhoea among foreign immigrants stems largely from their difficulty in finding sexual partners. To solve this problem is a matter of national policy. It is within the scope of the STD clinics and related organizations to start small-scale experiments to improve the difficult medical situation of the foreign immigrants by lowering the linguistic and cultural barriers between the medical staff and their foreign patients. Research on the sexual habits of the patients is of limited value, and a redirection of our efforts seems necessary to tackle this problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A factor-analytic examination of sexual behaviors and attitudes and marihuana usage.

A questionnaire that pertains to sexual attitudes and behaviors, family relationships, and marihuana usage was administered to 358 undergraduates at Wichita State University. A factor analysis performed upon the results yielded 12 factors related to sexual behavior: (1) Liberal vs. Conservative Attitudes; (2) Age-Experience; (3) Symbolic Sexual Preoccupation; (4) Romantic Love vs. Cynicism; (5) Experience-linked Drug Effects; (6) Affectual Dependence; (7) Mature Satisfaction; (8) Conservative vs. Liberal Sexual Practices; (9) High vs. Low Sexual Activity; (10) Sexual Revolution; (11) Sex; (12) Traditional vs. Cynical Love Roles.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The prevalence and perceived aetiology of male sexual problems in a non-clinical sample.

One hundred and nine men (38 per cent single, 48 per cent married) participated in a survey of the prevalence of erectile and ejaculatory difficulty in a non-clinical sample. Perceived aetiology of erectile difficulty was also investigated. Twenty-three per cent of the sample were currently experiencing sexual problems, with ejaculatory difficulty approximately three times as prevalent as erectile difficulty. Nearly one-quarter had experienced erection difficulties at some time and, of these, 68 per cent had remitted without formal treatment. Most frequently cited 'causes' of erectile difficulty were 'psychological' rather than 'physical', 'practical' or specifically 'sexual,' with relationship factors including communication between partners being perceived as particularly important. The presence of erectile and/or ejaculatory difficulty was related to sexual dissatisfaction but not to ratings of relationship happiness. Men having sexual relationships outside their permanent relationship found their partner less sexually attractive and rated themselves as less happy than those men not having affairs but the two groups did not differ in terms of presence of sexual difficulty or sexual dissatisfaction. The limitations of a sample biased towards younger, more educated men, are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Extramarital relationships: a reapraisal.

Extramarital relationships may not always disturb marital interaction, but on the contrary, marriages may have more permanence because many individuals find an answer to unmet needs in such relationships. In addition, a factor that rarely is mentioned in our society, which has vestiges of a puritanical ethic, is that an extramarital relationship can be an enjoyable experience for the individuals in and of itself. In a democratic society, which values choice, perhaps extramarital relationships can be undertaken if the individuals involved recognize: (1) the consequences of discovery, which may result in a threat to the solidarity of the marriage(s) involved; (2) the possibility that individuals so involved ultimately may wish to leave their own mates; and (3) that such a relationship may strengthen, not destroy, the unity of marriage.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

Equity and extramarital sexuality.

Equity theory has recently been found to be a useful framework for understanding the effects of imbalances in intimate "contractual" relationships such as marriage. Equitable couples seem to be happier, more satisfied with their relationship, and more confident that it will last than are their more mismatched, i.e., inequitable, counterparts. Furthermore, inequitable couples predictably act to "set things right" in their marriage. They either restore actual equity to the relationship or psychologically set their relationship in balance. If neither works, they may "leave the field." Extramarital sex may be viewed as an equity restoration mechanism in that (1) it may be used by the deprived partner to achieve actual equity, (2) it may indicate a partner's readiness to leave the relationship because he feels he can "do better," or (3) it may represent a desire to achieve equity in an alternative relationship(s) when inequity pervades the primary one. The hypothesis that the inequitable/underbenefited group should be more likely than the equitable group or the inequitable/overbenefited group to have engaged in extramarital sex was tested using data from a large-scale Psychology Today questionnaire. The results indicated that men and women in inequitable/underbenefited relationships had more extramarital affairs and began their extramarital activities earlier than did men and women in equitable and inequitable/overbenefited relationships. Alternative explanations of this finding, sex-role demands and length of the relationship, are explored and discarded as untenable.

Adult↗