[Eye infections--a red eye can indicate infection].
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Adult↗
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Results for “Eye Infections”
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Eye infections.
This article provides an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of eye infections. The seriousness of eye infections can range from benign and self-limiting to lethal. The primary care physician must determine the seriousness of each particular infection and then, based on that determination, must treat or refer the patient.
Eye Infections↗
Lysozyme tear level in patients with herpes simplex virus eye infection.
The lysozyme level in tears of patients with HSV eye infection was examined and correlated with the clinical findings and presence of virus. The concentration of the enzyme in tears of patients during acute attack was 2.83 mg./ml. This value was significantly lower than that in tears from healthy controls (6.1 mg./ml.) and tears from the patient's healthy eye (4.46 mg./ml.). After termination of treatment with either IUDR or poly I:C, the lysozyme level rose to an average of 4.34 mg./ml. During the latent period of the disease the level increased (5.34 mg./ml.), but it remained lower than in healthy subjects who had never suffered from HSV eye infection. This may be an indicator of possible future recurrences.
Acute Disease↗
[Quick diagnosis of eye infections caused by adenoviruses].
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Adenoviridae Infections↗
Herpes simplex eye infections: clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and management.
Herpes infection of the eye may be acquired as the patient's first exposure to the virus (primary infection) or as involvement of a new anatomical site (the eye) in a patient with previous HSV infection. In either case, patients with herpetic eye infection risk recurrent eye disease throughout their lives. The infective lesions of the corneal epithelium (dendritic and geographic ulcers) occasionally develop into noninfective indolent or trophic ulcers, particularly under the influence of cauterizing chemicals or corticosteroids. Inflammation of the corneal stroma may accompany herpetic epithelial lesions or occur independently. Stromal keratitis probably represents the host's immune response to viral antigens filtering down from epithelial lesions or from viral replication in stromal cells. The clinical manifestations of ocular HSV infection are reviewed, pathogenesis and possible pathways of the infection are analyzed, and some practical guidelines for management and prevention are presented.
Adult↗
Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis eye infection in Tanzania by polymerase chain reaction/enzyme immunoassay.
Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis eye infection is largely unsatisfactory by standard laboratory methods. A polymerase chain reaction/enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) that had previously been successful for diagnosis of genital C trachomatis infection was compared with direct antibody immunofluorescence (DFA) for detection of the organism in conjunctival scrapes. 234 Tanzanian children aged 1-7 years living in a village that had had no previous trachoma control programme were classified clinically as having no sign of trachoma (0) n = 97, follicular trachoma (TF) n = 100, or intense inflammatory trachoma with or without TF (TI +/- TF) n = 37. PCR-EIA detected C trachomatis in 24%, 54%, and 95% of subjects, respectively, compared with elementary body (EB) detection by DFA of 1%, 28%, and 60%, respectively. Overall prevalence of chlamydial eye infection was 22% by DFA compared with 48% by PCR-EIA. Of subjects with chlamydial DNA at pretreatment, 103 (92%) had no detectable chlamydial DNA at the end of 4 weeks of ocular tetracycline. The findings show that PCR-EIA is likely to affect trachoma diagnosis and epidemiology because of the increased sensitivity for detection of C trachomatis in all clinical groups; the less stringent requirements for specimen collection and transport make this method suitable for field use. Moreover, the semi-quantitative aspect of PCR-EIA may be useful for monitoring a decrease in chlamydial DNA after treatment.
Administration, Topical↗
[Role of Staphylococcus epidermidis in outer eye infections].
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) from 57 patients with outer eye infections and healthy control eyes were isolated according to the Schleifer and Cloos classification and the sensitivity to antibiotics of the isolated CNS was examined. The pathogenicity of CNS in rabbit cornea was studied by direct inoculation of CNS. The results showed that of 57 strains of CNS, 25 strains (43.9%) belonged to S. epidermidis, 22 (38.6%) belonged to non-detectable strains, 4 (7%) belonged to S. capitis, 3 (5.3%) belonged to S. hominis and 2 (3.5%) belonged to S. saprophyticus. Furthermore these CNS were resistant to aminoglycoside and machloride antibiotics which are commonly used as eye drops for ocular infectious diseases. Control rabbit corneas inoculated with CNS almost became clear within 24 hours. Therefore, it was suggested that ocular CNS infections can occur in immunologically compromised host patients.
Adolescent↗
Herpesvirus in sensory and autonomic ganglia after eye infection.
In herpesvirus hominis (HVH) infections, virus harbored in the sensory ganglia is now thought to be the main source of recurrent infection at peripheral sites. Experimental HVH infection of the external eye in rabbits produces an acute infection and then latent infection of the trigeminal ganglion. In this study, acute infection of the automatic ganglia serving the eye (superior cervical and ciliary) as well as trigeminal ganglia occurred after HVH inoculation of rabbits' corneas with a herpes type 1 strain (RE). Latent virus infection was detected in the trigeminal ganglion of one of five animals tested six months after initial infection. Since the superior cervical and other autonomic ganglia serving the eye become infected during acute herpes simplex virus infection of the external eye in rabbits, it is possible that these ganglia are also sources of reinfection in recurrent herpetic disease of the eye. Following the initial eye disease with this virus strain, HVH shedding could not be demonstrated even after induction attempts by topically applied epinephrine or systemic use of cyclophosphamide. Thus, establishment of latent HVH infection in the ganglia and chronic shedding of virus into the external eye is not a constant feature of this animal model, but may depend on the specific strain of herpesvirus used.
Animals↗
Medulloepithelioma (diktyoma) presenting as a perforated, infected eye.
A case of embryonal medulloepithelioma (diktyoma) presenting with perforated infected eye in a 13-year-old Black African girl is described. The tumour mass occupied most of the deformed eye, and invasion of the sclera anteriorly was seen. There was no evidence of orbital or distant tumour involvement. It is suggested that with increasing age these tumours are more likely to show frankly malignant features.
Adolescent↗
What drugs are used to prevent and treat chlamydial eye infections in newborns?
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Chlamydia Infections↗
[When should eye infection be suspected?].
During simple inspection of an inflamed eye it is often difficult to diagnose an infection. However, infection must be suspected, notably in cases with facilitating factors. Eye infection requires management by specialists to prevent complications which might endanger vision.
Blepharitis↗
Immunology of herpesvirus infection: immunity to herpes simplex virus in eye infections.
A gereral, overall pattern of the temporal relationship and interaction between cell and antibody-mediated immune responses following herpes simplex virus infection of the rabbit cornea can be synthesized from our studies. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) appears early following infection, at a time when mononuclear and lymphocytic cellular proliferation occur at the limbus. Interaction between specifically immune lymphocytes with virus antigens are detected by lymphocyte blastogenesis and migration inhabiting factor. During stromal keratitis, a second phase of CMI involves transient virus-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes, which destroy cells that display viral-induced antigens on their surface. Chemotatic factors generated by viral antigens alone or with antiviral antibody or by virus-sensitized lymphocytes play a role in attracting polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the cornea during stromal keratitis. Soluble mediators of CMI secreated by activated lymphocytes act both specifically and nonspecifically on virus-infected cells, allowing cell destruction and making intracellular virus available for neutralization by antiviral antibody. Cell-mediated immunity in the acute infection, diminishes with the appearance of significant antiviral antibody titers. The late phase of the corneal immune response results from a local antigen-antibody interaction and is characterized by cells predominantly of the plasmacytic type. The presence of complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies capable of destroying virus-infected cells provide an additional factor in restriction of infection.
Animals↗
Severe group B streptococcal eye infections in adults.
Group B beta-haemolytic streptococci have not been described as causing invasive eye infection in adults. Our observation of 10 such infections in nine patients indicates that persons with damaged ocular surfaces are especially vulnerable.
Aged↗
Pseudomonas eye infections in cyclophosphamide-treated mice.
Swiss-Webster mice challenged intracorneally with varying doses of P. aeruginosa exhibit eye infection within 24 hr. as detected by corneal opacity. The infection remains localized and spontaneously heals within 4 to 6 weeks. However, when mice are pretreated with a single i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide 4 days prior to either intracorneal or anterior-chamber challenge with various bacterial cell suspensions (10(1) to 10(8)), 83% of the anterior chamber and 54% of the intracorneally challenged mice (most at higher dilutions of the bacteria) died of Pseudomonas septicemia within 48 hr. Corneal damage was histochemically and ultrastructurally observed in surviving animals by 24 to 48 hr. following challenge by either route.
Animals↗
Isolation of amoebae from eye infections in England.
The laboratory investigations are presented on the first two recorded cases in England of infection of the eye by free-living amoebae. The distribution and pathogenicity of these amoebae are briefly discussed and some therapeutic possibilities derived from subsequent in vitro studies.
Adult↗
New approach for early, simple, and rapid detection of acute eye infections.
Several methods are known for the diagnosis of infections all of which require the use of well equipped laboratories and skilled personnel. For example: 1. Isolation and culturing of microorganisms from samples taken from body fluids. This method is complicated and time consuming. 2. Detection of antibodies. The main disadvantage of this method is the fact that the change in the level of antibodies occurs only after a few days from the onset of the disease. In the course of our work we found that already in the early stages of acute external eye infections, mucopolysaccharide degrading enzymes (MPDE) appear in tear fluid, where they are normally not present. We also found a relationship between MPDE with different infectious diseases of the eye as well as their role in the progress and treatment of these diseases. As a result of these findings and numerous clinical and laboratory in vivo animal and in vitro experiments, we developed a new approach for early detection of acute ocular infections. Utilizing this approach based on tear samples from patients; eyes, we developed a method which enables quick and reliable detection of the presence of an infection in general, and for early diagnosis in particular. Testing MPDE in tears with this method revealed also a new phenomenon of specific geometric imprints, or orthographic signs, each of which may be indicative of a different type of acute infection, e.g. adenovirus, herpes simplex virus-1, or other acute viral and bacterial infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Chemotherapeutic compounds and Acanthamoebae from eye infections.
The amoebicidal and amoebistatic action in vitro of 24 compounds was tested on two strains of Acanthamoeba, A. polyphaga and A. castellanii, isolated from eye infections in this country. For comparison, the Ryan strain of A. castellanii and Naegleria gruberi L-1 were also examined. Nine compounds showed sufficient activity to merit further consideration, ie, acriflavine, proflavine, hydroxystilbamidine isethionate, paromomycin, miconazole, amphoterin, neomycin, polymyxin, and the last two combined in Neosporin.
Acriflavine↗
Evaluation of diagnostic procedures in chlamydial eye infection.
Sixty-six patients suffering from suspected chlamydial conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis underwent direct examination and culture procedures on specimens from conjunctival swabs and corneal scraping for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Patient blood samples were also screened for the presence of antichlamydia IgG and IgA antibodies. Eye positivity was found in 12 and 15% of patients by using culture isolation and direct examination, respectively. In 3 out of the 8 patients with culture-proven chlamydial eye infection, all of them female, C. trachomatis was also isolated from the genital tract.
Adolescent↗