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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Psychological stress and other potential triggers for recurrences of herpes simplex virus eye infections. Herpetic Eye Disease Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To assess psychological stress and other factors as possible triggers of ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) recurrences. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study nested in a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. SETTING: Fifty-eight community-based or university sites. PARTICIPANTS: Immunocompetent adults (N = 308), aged 18 years or older, with a documented history of ocular HSV disease in the prior year and observed for up to 15 months. EXPOSURE VARIABLES: Psychological stress, systemic infection, sunlight exposure, menstrual period, contact lens wear, and eye injury recorded on a weekly log. The exposure period was considered to be the week before symptomatic onset of a recurrence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The first documented recurrence of ocular HSV disease, with exclusion of cases in which the exposure week log was completed late after the onset of symptoms. RESULTS: Thirty-three participants experienced a study outcome meeting these criteria. Higher levels of psychological stress were not associated with an increased risk of recurrence (rate ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.05; P =.07). No association was found between any of the other exposure variables and recurrence. When an analysis was performed including only the recurrences (n = 26) for which the exposure week log was completed late and after symptom onset, there was a clear indication of retrospective overreporting of high stress (P =.03) and systemic infection (P =.01). Not excluding these cases could have produced incorrect conclusions due to recall bias. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress does not appear to be a trigger of recurrences of ocular HSV disease. If not accounted for, recall bias can substantially overestimate the importance of factors that do not have a causal association with HSV infection.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enteroviral persistence in eye infections in monkeys (postuveitis syndrome)].

Follow-up (5.5 years) of monkeys with a history of acute enterovirus uveitis (AEU) after intraocular infection with ophthalmotropic ECHO 11 and ECHO 19 strains showed progressive changes in the infected eye; destruction of the iris, formation of films in the anterior chamber of the eye, deformation of the pupil, and signs of cataract and glaucoma. A short (1-30 days) stage of active reproduction of infective virus (up to 10(10) TCD50/g tissue in the first days postinfection) was followed by the second very long stage of limited specific multiplication of virus in ocular tissues. The virus was not detected during the second stage, but its components (virusspecific antigen and crystalloid accumulations of virions) were found in ophthalmic and conjunctival tissues; moreover, high levels of neutralizing antibodies were detected in the blood. The results indicate AEU transformed into a stubborn persistent infection of the eye in monkeys. The findings of this follow-up and published reports about many-year follow-up of children with AEU permit us to classify a post-uveitis disease as a special nosological form of a persistent enterovirus infection and denote it as enterovirus post-uveitis syndrome. The main signs of this syndrome are a history of AEU, progressive destructive changes in the anterior segment of the eye, presence of virus components in ocular tissues in remote periods after infection, and high antibody level in the blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Neonatal eye infections due to Mycoplasma hominis.

In one year Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from 8 out of 250 clinically infected eyes of newborn infants. This infection occurred in only a small proportion of babies whose mothers carried the organism in the vagina. Probably mycoplasma infection of the eye in neonates is commoner than is realized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacotherapy of fungal eye infections.

Fungal eye infections are rare. Trauma associated with contamination by vegetative material, contact lens wear and long term corticosteroid use are common risk factors. The aims of treatment are to preserve visual function, which depends on the rapid diagnosis and efficient administration of appropriate antifungal therapy. This necessitates a clinical suspicion of fungal aetiology and the taking of appropriate smears and cultures as early as possible to identify the fungal organism. Currently there are three main classes of drugs available for use in fungal eye infections: polyenes, azoles as derivatives of imidazoles, and 5-fluorocytosine. Of the polyenes, amphotericin B, natamycin and nystatin are of clinical ophthalmic use. Based on better pharmacokinetic profiles and spectra of antifungal activity, the triazoles are the agents of choice. Successful treatment of fungal keratitis depends on early initiation of specific therapy consisting of topically-applied antifungal agents since topical administration is most likely to provide the best opportunity for achieving therapeutic corneal levels. Hence, the molecular weight of the various antifungal agents is of importance since it influences their ability to penetrate the corneal epithelium. Systemic administration may be necessary for resistant fungal ulcers. For fungal endophthalmitis, to preserve visual function and eliminate the fungal pathogen, topical, systemic and possibly intraocular antifungal therapy is used, although some do not recommend use of systemic agents for exogenous endophthalmitis.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1985

Prevalence of chlamydial eye infection in patients attending an eye clinic, a VD clinic, and in healthy persons.

Chlamydial eye infection was detected in 28 of 983 ophthalmological patients with conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis, with a peak frequency of over 9% in patients aged 16-20 years and with decreasing frequency thereafter. In patients aged 1 to 15 years chlamydial conjunctivitis was not observed. Chlamydial eye infection could not be detected in patients at a venereal diseases clinic, though chlamydial genital infection was rather frequent in these patients. Nor was Chlamydia trachomatis found in the eyes of healthy young adults. In patients with proved chlamydial conjunctivitis unilateral symptoms were the rule. Pseudoptosis was the most conspicuous presentation in two cases. A prolonged course can be expected in chlamydial eye infection if the condition is unrecognised and effective treatment delayed. The venereal background of the condition must also influence the management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Eye infections due to Listeria monocytogenes in three cows and one horse.

A retrospective study was conducted to determine case histories, microbiological characteristics, and molecular subtypes associated with Listeria monocytogenes infections of the eye in large animals. For selected cases, environmental L. monocytogenes contamination patterns on case farms were also evaluated to probe for potential sources and spread of listerial eye infections. Records of 170 L. monocytogenes isolates from animal infections were reviewed to determine the fraction of isolates associated with eye infections (conjunctivitis, keratitis, and uveitis) of animals and to gather information on the clinical history of these cases. Overall, 4 of 170 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were associated with eye infections; 3 of these had occurred in cows and 1 in a horse. Molecular subtyping (by EcoRI ribotying) showed that 4 different L. monocytogenes subtypes were isolated from these 4 cases; the same ribotypes had previously been found among invasive animal listeriosis infections. Although a variety of L. monocytogenes subtypes were isolated from environmental sources, on 1 farm, the same ribotype associated with the eye infection was also isolated from a fecal sample of a healthy animal and from a soil sample. The data reported in this study further suggest that L. monocytogenes can be a cause of eye infections in several animal species. Listerial eye infections do not seem to require specific pathogen-related virulence characteristics but rather seem to be a function of environmental or host factors, such as direct exposure of the eyes of susceptible animals to high numbers of the pathogen. Although listerial eye infections are rarely diagnosed because of its ubiquitous nature, L. monocytogenes may have to be considered more commonly as a causative agent of eye infections in ruminants and horses.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Pharmaceutical investigation of vancomycin hydrochloride eye drops and their topical application to MRSA eye infection].

Two formulations of 0.5% vancomycin hydrochloride (VM) eye drops (VM-B and VM-C eye drops) were prepared by dissolving commercial VM powder for injection with preserved water B (PWB) containing phosphate buffer and preserved water C (PWC) containing only antimicrobial preservative, respectively. The VM-B eye drops have neutral pH (about 6.3), and the VM-C eye drops acidic pH of about 3.5. The pharmaceutical examination of these eye drops was performed regarding its clinical application to MRSA eye infection. In an irritability test using a rabbit's eye, the average number of winks after instillation of one drop of VM-B eye drops was 0.8 times/min and significantly smaller than that of VM-C eye drops (2.0 times/min). In dark storage at 4 degrees C, no change of VM concentration in both eye drops was observed for 25 weeks after preparation and the mean residual concentrations as determined by the HPLC-UV (240 nm) method were constant over 90% for 8 weeks, of the initial concentration. However, the residual VM concentration of VM-B eye drops under a room condition declined to 58% after 4 weeks and 20% after 8 weeks, and VM in light storage at 40 degrees C was not detectable after 8 weeks. The drug concentration of VM-C eye drops declined to 83% after 4 weeks and 74% after 8 weeks under a room condition, and to 46% after 4 weeks and 20% after 8 weeks under light storage at 40 degrees C. Under these storage conditions, the precipitation of VM related crystals was observed in both the eye drops when the residual percentage of VM was lower than 80%. Judging from HPLC chromatograms of a solution of the precipitated crystals, it was suggested that this crystal was degradation products of VM. The VM-B eye drops was applied to a patient with MRSA eye infection, because other medication was not effective. After continuous instillation of a drop per times every hour to both eyes, MRSA in corneal culture turned out negative after one week, and the clinical condition was remarkably improved. On the basis of the result of eye-irritability, VM-B eye drops with neutral pH was suggested to be superior to acidic VM-C eye drops from a safety point of view. It was also indicated that VM-B eye drops can be effectively used for 8 weeks under dark storage at 4 degrees C for MRSA eye infection, which is a useful piece information for the proper usage of the VM eye drops.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Induced eye infection in rat with Staphylococcus aureus.

The pathogenicity of one Staphylococcus aureus strain HI/F-20 was assessed by infecting normal pathogen-free mice. The bacterium which caused death of mice then use to investigate ocular infection in rat. Eye infection was induced by injecting microorganism transcorneally and through catheterized common carotid artery respectively. Transcorneal infection resulted in reversible changes which were limited to the anterior chamber. These changes could be attributed to traumatization of the ocular tissues. The haematogenous infection made though the catheterized carotid artery resulted in an endophthalmitis with retinochoroidal oedema and hypereamia which were confirmed histologically.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chlamydial eye infection in adults.

In Western industrialized countries, conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is most prevalent in adults at about the age of 20 years. In the case of classical trachoma in developing countries, the highest incidence of active disease occurs in children between 2 and 5 years of age. Inclusion conjunctivitis in adults is usually an autoinfection, resulting from a concomitant genital chlamydial infection. By contrast, in endemic trachoma the infection is spread from eye to eye. Only rarely has a nongenital transmission of inclusion conjunctivitis been inferred, among medical personnel and after swimming-pool bathing. Neonates with inclusion blennorrhea also may transmit the infection to family members. Diagnosis relies on the demonstration of C. trachomatis recovered from infected eyes. Treating chlamydial eye infection in adults means controlling the concomitant genital infection as well. The recommended treatment is oral tetracycline or erythromycin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Eye infections.

This article provides an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of eye infections. The seriousness of eye infections can range from benign and self-limiting to lethal. The primary care physician must determine the seriousness of each particular infection and then, based on that determination, must treat or refer the patient.

Eye Infections↗
PubMed1983

Neonatal chlamydial eye infection: an epidemiological and clinical study.

Neonatal chlamydial eye infection was detected in 39 cases of 281 infants with purulent conjunctivitis seen at the Department of Ophthalmology. Most cases of neonatal chlamydial eye infection (90%) were detected during the first month of life, and no case was found after 2 months of age. C. trachomatis was not isolated from any of 161 healthy control infants at 3-4 weeks of age. Genital chlamydial infection was demonstrated in 50% of the mothers to infected infants. Two of these women developed post-partum complications possibly due to chlamydial infection. Mothers of infected infants tended to be younger than average. Of 23 cases examined 2 years later, late sequelae were identified in 3.

Adolescent↗