PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Eye Infections, Bacterial”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Human immunodeficiency virus and opportunistic ocular infections.

Opportunistic ocular infections are a common and important complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is by far the most frequent infection, but other viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections of the posterior segment of the eye may be seen. Infections of the anterior segment are less common but may cause visual loss if not treated. Prompt recognition of these diseases is essential because ocular involvement may be an early sign of systemic dissemination.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases in birds. Part 1].

Among the representatives of the class Aves ocular lesions may be a particularly strong indication of systemic disorders. A causative diagnosis of ocular lesions may be vital for the avian patient, not only as a basis for effective therapy of the primary disease, but also for saving the vision, as birds orientate themselves primarily by vision. The following paper presents a synopsis of important ocular disorders in avian patients that are either pathognomonic for certain disorders or, when considered in conjunction with other organic diseases, enable a specific diagnosis to be arrived at. In part 1 bacterial and parasitic etiologies will be described. Part 2 deals with viral infections and noninfectious etiologies.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Endophthalmitis at the Bristol Eye Hospital: an 11-year review of 47 patients.

We reviewed data from 47 patients who were treated for endophthalmitis at our hospital during the 11-year period 1980-90. The most common clinical features were hypopyon (75%), diminished vision (72%), ocular pain (68%), discharge (57%), corneal oedema (51%), conjunctival injection (49%), abnormal red reflex (34%), corneal ulcer (32%) and corneal perforation (6%). A total of 54 isolates were obtained from 41 (87%) of the 47 patients. Gram-positive bacteria were more common (72%), than Gram-negative organisms (22%). Two cases were due to fungi, and herpes simplex virus was isolated from one case. The two most common Gram-positive organisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci (25%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11%), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominated among the Gram-negative bacteria isolated (15%). Mixed bacterial species were obtained from 29% of the infected patients, including one from whom Vibrio fluvialis was isolated. Predisposing factors included ocular surgery (60%)--mostly for cataract extraction (47%), penetrating trauma (15%) and periocular (15%) or systemic (11%) infections. All patients received antibiotics (generally chloramphenicol and/or a beta-lactamase-stable penicillin plus an aminoglycoside) prior to culture, when treatment was adjusted according to specific aetiological agents. Seventy-nine per cent of patients received topical or systemic steroids. Vitrectomy (diagnostic and therapeutic) was performed on 21% of patients. Sixty-three per cent of culture-positive patients lost vision (no perception of light) in the affected eye, compared to 17% of culture-negative cases (P < 0.05 Fisher exact test). Similarly, a better visual outcome (acuity of 6/12 or better) was associated with coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection than with streptococcal or fungal infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Differential diagnosis of retinitis and choroiditis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at high risk for developing retinitis. The most common forms of retinitis in such patients are those caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma; however, retinitis or choroiditis can also be caused by other viral, protozoal, bacterial, and fungal agents. Differential diagnosis of these infections is based on a number of factors, including ophthalmoscopic appearance, underlying disease, clinical history, and severity of underlying immunosuppression. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential in preserving functional vision, as some forms of retinitis are rapidly progressive and since appropriate treatment varies by diagnosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Bilateral metastatic endophthalmitis as a complication of major burns.

Metastatic infection of the eye is a rare complication of burns. The following report describes a patient with endophthalmitis occurring as a complication of major burns. The diagnostic difficulties that arose are discussed and the recommended treatment outlined.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of the choroid.

It has been hypothesized that coinfection with mycobacteria occurs in patients with Pneumocystis carinii choroiditis, but cases demonstrating ocular infection by both organisms have not been reported. This study reports the case of a patient with P. carinii choroiditis who was treated with intravenous trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, followed by intravenous trimethoprim and dapsone. The choroidal lesions failed to resolve despite 6 weeks of treatment, and the patient died from massive pulmonary infection caused by P. carinii, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, and cytomegalovirus infections. Ocular histologic and electron microscopic examinations revealed choroidal infection by both P. carinii and M. avium-intracellulare. Serum levels of sulfamethoxazole were below the recommended therapeutic range for treating P. carinii infection during the first week of therapy, but adequate drug levels were subsequently obtained. Failure of choroidal lesions of P. carinii to resolve in some cases may suggest insufficient antimicrobial levels in the blood or raise the possibility of coexistent M. avium-intracellulare or other opportunistic infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the eye.

Patients with AIDS or ARC may develop ocular manifestations falling in four broad categories: (1) conjunctival and periorbital disease, (2) neuro-ophthalmologic abnormalities, (3) retinal microangiopathy, and (4) opportunistic retinal and choroidal infections. Careful ophthalmologic examination generally permits identification and differentiation of these entities. Although ocular involvement is frequently a harbinger of an unfavorable systemic prognosis, specific drug therapy may be of some benefit in arresting disease in selected individuals. Further advances in the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS-related ocular tumors and infections may improve the quality of life for these patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Ocular manifestations of selected zoonoses in humans].

A report is given on the epidemiology and clinical signs of some selected zoonoses that may be of significance for ocular infections in man: brucellosis, leptospirosis, Lyme borreliosis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Newcastle Disease, ornithosis (chlamydiosis), rabies, Streptococcus suis infection, larva migrans ocularis by Toxocara canis or Baylisascaris procyonis, toxoplasmosis and tularemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Blepharitis.

Blepharitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process involving the eyelids that is frequently associated with conjunctivitis. In its many clinical forms, blepharitis is one of the most common diseases seen by ophthalmologists; yet it remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This article reviews the clinical presentation, classification, diagnosis, etiology and pathogenesis, and treatment of blepharitis.

Blepharitis↗
PubMed1992

Preseptal and orbital cellulitis.

The patient with a tender, erythematous, swollen eyelid represents a complex clinical challenge to the physician, who must arrive at a correct diagnosis from numerous differential possibilities. Knowledge of the anatomy of the orbit and surrounding structures and proper clinical and radiologic examination are necessary to accurately diagnose these conditions. Proper selection of antibiotic therapy and timely surgical intervention, directed at both the orbital infection and the underlying condition, are essential to avoid serious morbidity from these infections. This article reviews in detail preseptal cellulitis, Hemophilus influenzae type B infection in children, orbital infection related to paranasal sinusitis, orbital infection from other causes, and mycotic infections of the orbit.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1992

Intravitreal corticosteroids as an adjunct in the treatment of bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis. A review.

The use of intravitreal corticosteroids in the management of endophthalmitis remains controversial. Several clinical and experimental reports are reviewed that suggest that intravitreal corticosteroid therapy, when used in conjunction with antibiotics with and without vitrectomy, reduces the intraocular inflammatory process and secondary complications associated with microbial endophthalmitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Early diagnosis of infectious keratitis with in vivo real time confocal microscopy.

The tandem scanning confocal microscope (TSM) was adapted for in vivo examination of the cornea in rabbits with experimental bacterial and fungal keratitis. Compared to slit lamp biomicroscopy, the TSM provides superior lateral and axial resolution and serial optical sectioning capability, which may be useful for identification of corneal pathogens in the early stages of infection. We used the TSM to examine normal rabbit eyes infected with bacteria (Bacillus cereus) and a filamentous fungus (Aspergillus). We also examined a human cornea removed by penetrating keratoplasty after a clinical diagnosis of amoebic keratitis. In the early stages of bacterial infection, slit lamp examination revealed a nonspecific minimal stromal haze and limbal injection indistinguishable from sterile ulcers and epithelial defects. With the TSM, bacteria were visible as highly refractile bodies in the epithelium and superficial stroma. Branching fungal hyphae were also easily identified by the TSM, as were Acanthamoeba cysts and parasites in the subepithelial stroma. Our results indicate that this technique may provide a new modality for quickly and accurately identifying the agent of corneal infection, thereby facilitating prompt and appropriate treatment.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗
PubMed1992

Favourable outcome of traumatic endophthalmitis with associated retinal breaks or detachment.

Traumatic endophthalmitis in association with retinal breaks or detachments is reported to have uniformly poor visual and anatomic outcomes. We describe two cases of culture-positive traumatic endophthalmitis with retinal breaks or detachment in which the final visual result was 20/70 in one case and 20/40 in the other. Factors that may improve the prognosis in such cases include attention to the possibility of infection, selective use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, prompt surgical intervention and improvement in vitreous surgical techniques. Modification of intravitreal antibiotic regimens may be indicated in eyes in which the vitreous cavity is partially filled with air or gas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Equine ulcerative keratitis.

Ulcerative keratitis is one of the most common vision-threatening diseases of the horse. Successful therapy, however, can be achieved in the majority of cases provided the diagnosis is made early and the treatment is specific for the disease. This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical signs, and contemporary medical and surgical approaches to bacterial and fungal ulcerative keratitis in the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis of ocular chlamydiosis by gene amplification (polymerase chain reaction or P.C.R.)].

Identification of conjunctival chlamydioses could be very difficult since this disease is extremely latent. Moreover previous instillation of topical antibiotic provokes a negativation of D.I.F. and of cultures. P.C.R. is very useful, it was demonstrative in 41 cases out of 47 cases; D.I.F. was positive only in 18 cases. P.C.R. is a very promising method to recognize chlamydiae; identification of different serovars is processing.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1992

Atypical mycobacterium keratitis.

We present two cases of Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis, both of which followed minor corneal trauma. One case initially showed improvement with medical therapy alone but eventually required penetrating keratoplasty. The second case required surgical intervention to provide tectonic support, but the infection resolved with antibiotic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Confirmation of the role of pneumolysin in ocular infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae.

In earlier experiments on the role of the cytolytic toxin pneumolysin in ocular infections with pneumococcus, we found that a strain carrying a deletion in the gene encoding pneumolysin was considerably less virulent than wild type when tested in an intracorneal model of keratitis in the rabbit. To confirm this result, we have constructed a strain in which pneumolysin activity was restored by transformation of the deleted strain with a plasmid bearing the complete pneumolysin gene. Hemolytic titers of pneumolysin indicated that only one copy of the plasmid per bacterium expresses the pneumolysin gene in this strain. The virulence of this strain was compared with that of wild type and deleted strains transformed with the vector lacking the pneumolysin gene. Slit lamp examination (SLE) scores for eyes infected with the restored strain were similar to those for eyes infected with wild type and significantly greater than those for the pneumolysin-deleted strain. Molecular analysis of bacteria recovered from infected corneas showed that the vector plasmid was retained; however, in most isolates of the restored strain, the plasmid underwent an excision and lost the pneumolysin gene. The cloned gene apparently persisted long enough to induce the pathologic changes, and the results confirm the importance of pneumolysin as a virulence factor in ocular infections.

Animals↗