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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Promotion by unsaturated fat of azaserine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat.

Diet has been shown to modulate the incidence of a wide variety of chemically induced cancers in animals. Various diets fed either during the initiation stage or the postinitiation (promotion) stage of carcinogenesis were evaluated for their ability to modulate the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Male Wistar/Lewis rats were treated with multiple injections of the pancreatic carcinogen, azaserine, during a 6- to 7-week-long initiation phase and were autopsied after a postinitiation phase of 34 or 44 weeks. The following diets were evaluated for their effects on the incidence of pancreatic neoplasms during each stage of carcinogenesis: high saturated fat; two high unsaturated fats (corn oil and safflower oil); low protein; and caloric restricted. A purified control diet was fed during that stage when the test diets were not fed. The incidence of pancreatic adenomas and adenocarcinomas was evaluated by light microscopy. Feeding of the caloric-restricted diet during the initiation phase suppressed the pancreatic neoplasm incidence. None of the ther diets tested had an effect on the incidence of pancreatic cancer during the initiation phase. During the postinitiation phase, both high-unsaturated-fat diets but not the high-saturated-fat diet significantly elevated the pancreatic neoplasm incidence. The low-protein and caloric-restricted diets had no effect on the neoplasm incidence when fed during the postinitiation phase. Thus, diets high in unsaturated fat appear to promote pancreatic carcinogenesis in the azaserine-treated rat while a diet high in saturated fat failed to show a similar degree of enhancement of pancreatic carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Response of lactating cows to supplemental unsaturated fat and niacin.

Responses to supplemental unsaturated fat or niacin in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement were evaluated with 16 lactating Holstein cows in a replicated Latin square with 4-wk periods. Total mixed diets contained (dry matter basis) 25% alfalfa hay, 25% corn silage, and 50% concentrate mixture. Diets were the control or the control supplemented with unsaturated fat (3% of dry matter of the total mixed diet from extruded soybeans, which replaced soybean meal and portions of the corn and barley in other concentrates), niacin (12 g/d of nicotinic acid), or both unsaturated fat and niacin. Milk production increased with the addition of fat but was unaffected by the addition of niacin (31.9, 35.1, 32.2, and 35.5 kg/d). Milk fat percentages were unaffected by the addition of fat or niacin to the diet, but proportions of both unsaturated and long-chain fatty acids increased with supplemental fat and were further increased with niacin in addition to fat; however, niacin was ineffective without fat. Milk protein percentages were lower with supplemental fat but were unaffected by niacin. Dry matter intake; ruminal volatile fatty acids, pH, and ammonia; serum urea; plasma glucose; and plasma amino acids were unaffected by supplemental fat or niacin. The first-limiting amino acid for milk protein synthesis was lysine for control diets and methionine for diets with supplemental fat. Supplementation of the diet with an unsaturated fat source increased milk production and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in milk, but niacin supplementation had no substantial influence on milk production and only a minor influence on milk fatty acid content.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Coconut fat and serum lipoproteins: effects of partial replacement with unsaturated fats.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of reducing saturated fat in the diet, or partly replacing it with unsaturated fat, on the serum lipoprotein profile of human subjects. The study had two intervention periods, 8 weeks (phase 1) and 52 weeks (phase 2). In phase 1, total fat was reduced from 31 to 25% energy (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA):saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio increased from 0.2 to 0.4) by reducing the quantity of coconut fat (CF) in the diet from 17.8 to 9.3% energy intake. In phase 2, subjects were randomised to groups A and B. In group A total fat was reduced from 25 to 20% energy (PUFA:SFA ratio increased from 0.4 to 0.7) by reducing the quantity of CF in the diet from 9.3 to 4.7% total energy intake. In group B, the saturated fat content in the diet was similar to group A. In addition a test fat (a mixture of soyabean oil and sesame oil, PUFA:monosaturated fatty acids ratio 2) contributed 3.3% total energy intake and total fat contributed 24% energy intake (PUFA:SFA ratio increased from 0.7 to 1.1). At the end of phase 1, there was a 7.7% reduction in cholesterol (95% CI -3.6, -12.2) and 10.8% reduction in LDL (95% CI -4.9, -16.5) and no significant change in HDL and triacylglycerol. At the end of phase 2, the reduction in cholesterol in both groups was only about 4% (95% CI -12, 3.2) partly due the concomitant rise in HDL. The reduction in LDL at 52 weeks was significantly higher in group B (group A mean reduction 11%, 95% CI -20.1, -2.0 and group B mean reduction 16.2% 95% CI -23.5, -8.9). In phase 2, triacylglycerol levels showed a mean reduction of 6.5% in group 2A and a mean increase of 8.2% in group 2B. The reduction of saturated fat in the diet is associated with a lipoprotein profile that would be expected to reduce cardiovascular risk. The reduction of dietary saturated fat with partial replacement of unsaturated fat brings about changes in total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol that are associated with a lower cardiovascular risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Acute platelet changes after large meals of saturated and unsaturated fats.

Large amounts of saturated fats (S.F.) or unsaturated fats (U.S.F.) were given to healthy volunteers at a single meal. The heparin thrombin clotting-time, which may measure platelet factor 4 released from platelets into the plasma, was shortened after S.F. and prolonged after U.S.F. The antithrombin clotting activity decreased after S.F. and increased after U.S.F. The platelet-count decreased and the platelet volume increased after both S.F. and U.S.F.

Adult↗