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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Criteria from intra-arterial femoral artery pressure measurements combined with reactive hyperaemia to assess the aorto-iliac segment; a prospective study.

Direct femoral artery blood pressure measurements combined with reactive hyperaemia (FAP study) were performed on 50 extremities (45 patients) with multilevel arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities. In a previous retrospective study we established criteria for detection of significant aorto-iliac occlusive disease. These criteria were used in a prospective way in this study. Twenty-seven extremities were subjected to a proximal and 23 extremities to a distal reconstruction. The half-year postoperative results were evaluated. The criteria used were 86 per cent sensitive, 100 per cent specific and 93 per cent accurate in relation to predicting the postoperative haemodynamic result. The positive predictive value was 100 per cent and the negative predictive value 89 per cent. The criteria are presented and compared with data from the literature. It is concluded that FAP studies are a simple and excellent way to assess the aorto-iliac segment and to predict the outcome of a reconstruction in multilevel arterial occlusive disease.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1982

Platelet counts in blood taken from femoral artery, femoral vein, cubital vein, and arteriovenous fistula.

In 20 patients under regular dialysis with an arteriovenous fistula in one forearm, platelet counts were measured in blood taken simultaneously from the cubital vein, the arterialized vein near the site of anastomosis, the femoral vein, and the femoral artery. Samples of blood from the fistula and from the cubital vein of the opposite limb were taken with and without stasis. The highest values were found in blood taken from the cubital vein without stasis. Platelet counts were identical in femoral artery and vein, but were 4.8 and 4.9%, respectively, lower than the cubital vein values. Platelet counts from fistula blood taken without stasis were 13.7% lower than in the cubital vein. Platelet counts were lower when samples of blood were taken with stasis: 11.2% in the cubital vein, 7.4% in fistula blood. The awareness of these differences is of practical importance for platelet behavior studies.

Arm↗
PubMed1995

Changes in pulmonary arterial and femoral arterial blood pressure upon acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia in broiler chickens.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the pulmonary arterial and femoral arterial pressure responses to acute hypobaric hypoxia. Twenty-four, 7-wk-old Hubbard x Hubbard male chickens were lightly anesthetized and catheters were introduced into the right femoral artery and the pulmonary artery. The birds were then placed in a hypobaric chamber, and blood pressure responses were monitored during acute (15 min) exposures to simulated altitudes of 2,000 and 4,000 m. The pulmonary artery pressure increased .7 and 4% during the first and second exposures to a simulated altitude of 2,000 m, whereas the femoral artery pressure decreased 6 and 8% during exposures to this altitude. The pulmonary artery pressure increased 7% on the first exposure and 23% (P < .05) on the second exposure to a simulated altitude of 4,000 m. The femoral arterial pressure decreased (P < .05) on both exposures to this altitude (29 and 24%, respectively). The initial femoral and pulmonary artery pressures and changes in these pressures upon exposure to hypobaric hypoxia were not consistently correlated with the characteristics of the electrocardiogram, packed cell volume, body weight, or the right:total ventricular weight ratio. These results indicate that acute hypobaric hypoxia elicits a hypotensive response in the systemic arterial circulation and a hypertensive response in the pulmonary arterial circulation of broiler chickens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Altitude↗
PubMed1997

Effects of glucagon on superior mesenteric artery and femoral artery haemodynamics in humans.

OBJECTIVE: It remains unclear whether glucagon is a localized splanchnic arterial vasodilator in humans. This study examined this issue by assessing the haemodynamic effect of exogenous glucagon on splanchnic and extrasplanchnic arteries. METHODS: After an overnight fast, flow velocity of superior mesenteric artery and femoral artery was recorded by means of echo-Doppler in 10 controls and 10 patients with cirrhosis. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma glucagon level were also determined. These measurements were repeated after intramuscular injection of glucagon (1 mg) at 15 min and 30 min. RESULTS: Patients with cirrhosis had much higher glucagon levels than controls (P < 0.01). Plasma glucagon level rose following glucagon administration in controls (P < 0.01) and patients with cirrhosis (P < 0.01). Glucagon administration had no effect on mean arterial pressure, heart rate and femoral artery velocity in controls and patients with cirrhosis. In contrast, superior mesenteric artery velocity significantly increased after glucagon administration in both groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.01), although the effect was less pronounced in patients with cirrhosis than in controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that glucagon might be a localized splanchnic arterial vasodilator. Thus, glucagon may be one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of the splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation seen in patients with cirrhosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Normal and perturbed endothelial cells from canine femoral arteries and femoral veins exhibit heterogeneity in hemostatic properties and growth characteristics.

BACKGROUND: We sought to examine the heterogeneity of endothelial cells from the same anatomic site but different vascular systems and described von Willebrand factor (vWF) release and morphological change in response to injury-associated factor in femoral vessels from canine in vitro. METHODS: Levels of hemostatic factors (vWF, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1), antithrombin III (ATIII), in tissue sections and cultured endothelial cells of canine femoral arteries and canine femoral veins were compared by the immunohistochemistry technique. In addition to comparing cell growth density and cell protein contents, cultured femoral arterial endothelial cells (FAECs) and cultured femoral venous endothelial cells (FVECs) were incubated with a series concentration of basic fibroblast factor (bFGF) (1, 10, 100 ng/ml) for up to 48 hours to test the amount of vWF secretion and morphological change. RESULTS: Both in tissue sections and cultured cells, the levels of vWF are higher in FVECs than in FAECs. We were unable to differentiate the level of PAI-1 and ATIII difference between FAECs and FVECs. bFGF (10 ng/ml) significantly increased vWF secretion from cultured FAECs but not from FVECs. The size of cultured FAECs is smaller than of FVECs; however, FAECs have higher amounts of protein contents than FVECs. CONCLUSIONS: These comparative studies provide evidence indicating that the characteristics of FVECs differ from those of FAECs. These differences may be indicated heterogeneity with either inherited or acquired thrombotic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Ruptured aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery.

Femoral arterial aneurysms are rare, but their existence must be considered in cases of acute ischaemia of the leg or the occurrence of a pulsating swelling in the groin. Surgical intervention is mandatory, and venous autografts should be preferred to synthetic grafts. With adequate therapy, the prognosis is favourable, but the coexistence of multiple aneurysms should always be borne in mind. A successfully treated case of ruptured femoral aneurysm, combined with abdominal aortic aneurysm, is reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Carotid artery and femoral artery disease in asymptomatic patients with various types of hyperlipoproteinemias and in healthy persons].

The authors examined by means of the sonograph Siemens Quantum 2000 the carotid and femoral arteries of 21 controls and 91 asymptomatic subjects with different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP). 46 patients suffered from familial hypercholesterolaemia, another 19 patients with hypercholesterolaemia suffered from ischaemic heart disease, 21 patients had familial combined hyperlipoproteinaemia and 5 patients had familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia. In the controls no plaques or stenoses were detected. In the different groups with HLP plaques and stenoses on the carotid artery were found in 15-36%, on the femoral artery in 24-63%. In patients with HLP on the common carotid artery in different groups a detectable intima was found more frequently, a statistically highly significantly wider intima (0.73 +/- 0.17 mm to 0.84 +/- 0.31 mm) and a lower maximum rate (79 +/- 18 cm/s to 98 +/- 24 cm/s) than in controls (0.41 +/- 0.14 mm and 121 +/- 30 cm/s resp.). On the common carotid the authors found a significant direct correlation between age and the cholesterol level and between age and the width of the intima and an indirect correlation between age and the maximal rate. The differences in the width of the intima and maximum rate were preserved even when the groups were adjusted for age. Changes of the femoral artery were less marked.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Increased vascular permeability of developing collateral arteries after femoral artery ligation in rabbits.

Ligation of the main femoral artery is followed by a rapid development of collateral arteries. To detect an increase in vascular permeability of the collateral arteries, colloidal carbon (1 ml/Kg, iv) was injected into 153 rabbits at various times after ligation or sham-ligation of the main femoral artery. These animals were killed later and collateral arteries was dissected. Increase in vascular permeability was identified by the presence of visible carbon deposits on the vascular walls. The carbon deposits were frequently found on the intermediate segments of the collateral system in legs with ligation, but were not found on any arteries either in legs with sham-ligation or in contralateral untouched legs. The increase in vascular permeability was observed in 15 of 17 animals as early as 6 hours, in 32 of 36 animals 1 day but only in 5 of 21 animals 6 to 8 days after ligation. The arterial segments with carbon deposits showed various structural changes such as fragmentation of the internal elastic layer, degeneration of the medial muscle and deposition of fibrinoid material. These results indicate that vascular permeability transiently increases in the intermediate segments of developing collateral arteries. Acute vasodilatation may be responsible for the increase in vascular permeability.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Left main coronary artery and femoral artery vasospasm associated with cocaine use.

A woman had diffuse vascular spasm related to cocaine use. She presented with evidence of an acute anterior myocardial infarction but had no rise in creatinine phosphokinase levels. Cardiac catheterization showed 90 percent proximal left main coronary artery narrowing. The catheterization was complicated by right femoral artery spasm. A repeat catheterization after treatment with nitroglycerin and diltiazem showed 30 percent proximal left main coronary artery narrowing. This catheterization was complicated by left femoral artery spasm. An exercise treadmill test was negative for ischemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Location and morphology of plaque of the carotid artery and femoral artery in the B-scan image in employees of the Düsseldorf public officials: value of screening study].

With the help of high-resolution real-time sonography, we examined the carotid and femoral arteries in 3,500 asymptomatic persons to assess early states of atherosclerosis an to prove the utility of B-Scan-Sonography in this aim. We found 384 people having plaques, totally 769 pl. 68 p.c. of all plaques we were found in the femoral arteries, 32 p.c. in the carotid arteries, in each case with preference of the bifurcation and the pre-bifurcation-region. This seems to confirm earlier studies on this theme. As regards to the morphology, we found 67 p.c. (of all plaques) being faintly-echogenic ("fatty-streaks" or intermediär type). 73 p.c. of all plaques showed a smooth or faintly irregular surface-character. More than 75% of all plaques had a volume less than 0.3 ccm. Altogether, the results verify the assessment of mostly early states of atherosclerosis with the help of real-time-ultrasound and underline this method being a good and sufficient non-invasive-technique for screening-examinations on an asymptomatic collective.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed2001

[The site and extent of arteriosclerosis. Comparative planimetric studies of the left descending coronary artery, internal carotid artery, superficial femoral artery and abdominal aorta in 104 cadavers].

BACKGROUND: Arteriosclerosis is generally considered to be a generalized disease, involving different vascular regions to approximately the same extent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In order to assess the extent of ateriosclerosis quantitatively, all arteriosclerotic lesions and additionally the complicated (calcified, ulcerated, thrombosed) arteriosclerotic lesions of the abdominal aorta, the superficial femoral arteries, the left descending coronary artery and the internal carotid arteries were measured by planimetry in 102 autopsies (64 male, 38 female; mean age: 62 +/- 16 years). RESULTS: Arteriosclerosis increased with age. The overall extent of arteriosclerotic lesions of each artery was classified to one of the following 4 degrees of intimal involvement (0-25, 26-50, 51-75%, 76-100%). When comparing the 4 different vascular regions of each patient we found maximal deviations by 1 degree in 34%, by 2 degrees in 41% and by 3 degrees in 20%. In only 5% of the patients studied were all arteriosclerotic lesions of the same degree. In order to analyze the complicated plaques 7 degrees were used (intimal involvement: 0, 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50% and > 50%). In 14 patients we found no complicated plaques. The remaining 88 showed complicated lesions in at least 1 vascular region. Deviations by 1 degree were found in 22%, by 2 degrees in 32%, and by 3 or more degrees in 46%. In the paired arteries (carotid, femoral) there were no significant differences comparing the mean values of the extent of arteriosclerotic lesions on the right and left side. In many cases, however, remarkable intraindividual differences occurred. Patients with main risk factors usually had more pronounced arteriosclerotic lesions than those without. In patients who died from coronary artery disease the extent of arteriosclerotic lesions was also usually larger in the other vascular regions as compared to those patients who died from other reasons. Comparing postmortem and intravital extent of arteriosclerotic lesions some peculiarities of postmortem specimens should be considered. CONCLUSIONS: A uniform involvement of all vascular regions by arteriosclerosis occurs only rarely. Considerable intraindividual differences are the rule and a severe, generalized uniform affection is an exception. This, however, does not exclude in patients with severe arteriosclerosis of one region that a larger involvement of other vascular regions may also occur, as this was found for patients with severe arteriosclerosis in coronary arteries. Regarding the extent of arteriosclerosis there are artery- and additional localization-specific features.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The femoral artery-femoral vein polytetrafluoroethylene graft: a 14-year retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The use of the femoral vessels for permanent haemodialysis access has been neglected during the last two decades. Since 1981 femoral artery-vein loop polytetrafluoroethylene grafts have been constructed in our chronic haemodialysis patients. This study examines results obtained in patients with this particular graft over the last 14 years. METHODS: This clinical study is retrospective in nature. Overall 35 patients, with 37 femoral grafts, are included. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for this type of graft are given and the surgical procedure detailed. RESULTS: Seven patients had femoral grafts used as primary dialysis access. Twenty-eight patients had femoral grafts used after multiple access failures. There was no perioperative mortality. Immediate thrombotic non-function of the graft occurred in three patients. In the long term no patient death was related to the femoral grafts. Twenty-seven (73%) grafts had no long-term complications. The leading cause for graft 'loss' was patient death; in the first year 10 grafts were lost, eight because of patient death. All eight patients died with functioning grafts. Median graft survival was 21 months in all patients and 28 months in non-diabetic patients. Twenty-seven (73%) grafts were patent at the end of the first year, 33% of grafts were still patent after 5 years. Worsening claudication occurred in four patients; one diabetic required foot amputation. Four patients had late graft thrombosis; only two patients had bacteraemia originating from the femoral graft. Urea reduction ratio greater than 60% was measured in 87.5% of patients. CONCLUSION: The femoral artery vein graft is a good primary and secondary haemodialysis access. Both infection and thrombosis rates are low and graft survival is comparable, if not superior to, that of upper-limb grafts. The graft is easy to cannulate, can be used early, is easily protected, and is cosmetically acceptable.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Chronic cocaine treatment enhances the responsiveness of the left anterior descending coronary artery and the femoral artery to vasoactive substances.

The mechanism by which cocaine produces sudden cardiac death has not been elucidated, but clinical evidence indicates that it may be due to a direct or indirect action on coronary vessels. The present study was designed to compare the responses of the isolated left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and femoral artery taken from untreated dogs with the response of these vessels taken from dogs administered cocaine (1 mg/kg i.v.) daily for 4 weeks. The actions of norepinephrine, U-46619 (a thromboxane A2 analog) and serotonin (5-HT) were evaluated. The direct vascular action of cocaine was also determined. Morphology of the blood vessels was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Chronic cocaine treatment significantly increased the sensitivity and maximum response of the femoral artery to norepinephrine, U-46619 and 5-HT. The sensitivity of the LAD coronary artery to U-46619 and 5-HT and the maximum response to U-46619 and 5-HT were also enhanced. Vasoconstriction produced by cocaine was not dose dependent and only occurred at high concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M). Morphology of the vessels was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Femoral arteries from cocaine-treated dogs exhibited loss of endothelial integrity, areas of excessive endothelial cell sloughing and thrombus formation. LAD coronary arteries exhibited only areas of enhanced endothelial cell sloughing. The results of this study indicate that the femoral artery and the LAD coronary artery are more sensitive to endogenous vasoactive substances after chronic cocaine use, which may result in enhanced peripheral vasoconstriction and cardiac ischemia. Morphological results demonstrate femoral arterial thrombosis associated with cocaine use.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗