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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1974

Population dynamics of microfilarial production and eosinophilic levels in slow lorises infected with Breinlia sergenti. Petter (Filarioidea: Dipetalonematidae).

Population dynamics of microfilarial production and eosinophilic levels in slow lorises infected with Breinlia sergenti, Petter (Filarioidea: Dipetalonematidae). International Journal for Parsitology 4: 383388. Observations have been made on microfilarial and eosinophilic levels in slow lorises infected with Breinlia sergenti. Animals given a single inoculation of 100-150 infective larvae exhibited three different patterns of microfilaraemia while superinfected animals showed enhanced microfilarial levels. It appeared that the number of inoculations as well as the interval between inocula are important factors in enhancing microfilarial levels. Two different types of incubation periods were seen, one at 100-120 days and the other at 200 days. The eosinophilic levels were investigated in some of the animals and an attempt was made to correlate these levels with the microfilaraemia. Cortisone injection appeared to promote a vigorous eosinophilia in some of the infected animals tested.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Ackertia globulosa sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from rodents in Kenya.

Ackertia globulosa sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) is described from the pulmonary arteries of the striped mouse, Lemniscomys striatus striatus (L.), in Kenya. Distinguishing features are the small size of the adults; the short left spicule and arrangement of the caudal papillae (3 pairs preanal, 4 pairs postanal) of the male; small projecting lobes on the tail of the females; and 10 to 12 refractile globules in the microfilarial sheath. The microfilariae are found in the skin, mostly of the ear. The probable intermediate host is a hard tick, Haemaphysalis leachi.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Occurrence of tissue Filarioidea in ruminants in Poland].

In the years 1985-1988 in the Białowieza Forest and in the woods in the vicinity of Olsztyn, 130 deer, 136 roe-deer, 52 bisons and 40 cattle were subject to parasitological section. Seven species of tissue nematoda of the superfamily Filarioidea were detected. Onchocerca jakutensis, O. garmsi and Cutifilaria wenki in deer, Dipetalonema rugosicauda in roe-deer, and Onchocerca lienalis and O. gutturosa in bison and cattle are first records of these species in Poland. The bison is a new host for O. lienalis and O. gutturosa, the roe-deer--for O. flexuosa.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Dunnifilaria meningica sp. n. (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) from the central nervous system of the wood-rat (Neotoma micropus) in Mexico.

Dunnifilaria meningica sp. n. (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) is described from the wood-rat, Neotoma micropus, trapped in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico. The adult worms are characteristically found in the subarachnoid spaces along the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. The short, sheathed microfilariae are found in the peripheral blood. They do not show a periodicity. The adults are of small size (female worms are approximately 50 mm long, males about 25 mm). Female worms are didelphic. Male worms have subequal, dissimilar spicules and peri- and postanal papillae. This is the third species of the genus Dunnifilaria. It differs from the other species in its habitat in the host, the size of the body, the female tail length, the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

[Cruorifilaria tuberocauda (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Venezuelan capybaras].

Four filariae are known to parasitize the capybara "Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris" namely the "Cruorifilaria tuberocauda", Eberhard, Morales & Orihel (1976). The "Dipetalonema (Alafilaria) hydrochoerus", Yates (1983), and two "mansonella" recently described by Eberhard, Campo-Aasen & Orihel (1983), "Mansonella longicapita" and "Mansonella rotundicapita". In this study we describe the adult parasites and the microfilaria of the "Cruorifilaria tuberocauda" (Nematoda, Filarioidea), Eberhard, Morales & Orihel (1976) obtained from the arteries of the kidney of two capybaras from Apure and Barinas states of Venezuela. The pathology produced by the presence of the filariae in kidney and lungs of the animals is described as well as the blood harboring microfilaria.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Histochemical distribution of hydrolytic enzymes in adult Onchocerca fasciata (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae).

Histochemical techniques were employed to study the tissue distribution of hydrolytic enzymes in adult female Onchocerca fasciata (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae). Different tissues differed considerably in the localization and distribution of the six enzymes studied. Acid phosphatase (AcPase) activity was detected in the cuticle, hypodermis and reproductive organs. Alkaline phosphatase (AlkPase) activity was largely absent. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was found in the somatic musculature and muscles of the uterine ducts, whereas 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nu) was restricted to young oocytes and dividing embryos in the female worm. Strong glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity was demonstrated in the uterine epithelial cells and microfilariae, as was weak activity in the hypodermis. Naphthylamidase (NAM) activity was detected in the hypodermis, with lower activity occurring in the somatic musculature. The possible functions of these enzymes are discussed with respect to their location. The hydrolytic enzymes AcPase and NAM in the body wall are probably involved in absorptive-digestive functions, NAM in the somatic musculature may be concerned with tissue protein turnover, and ATPase, 5'-Nu and G-6-Pase may have a role in active transport and energy metabolism.

5'-Nucleotidase↗

PubMed1997

Hemagglutinins in mosquitoes and their role in the immune response to Brugia malayi (Filarioidea:Nematoda) larvae.

Hemagglutinins were determined in six species of mosquitoes that are susceptible and refractory to Brugia malayi (Filarioidea: Nematoda). High titers of hemagglutinins were found in the salivary gland extract and in the body fluid of a completely refractory species, Aedes taeniorhynchus, and in partially refractory species, Anopheles quadrimculatus but low levels of hemagglutinins were also present in the body fluid of Aedes aegypti (Black-eye, Liverpool strain), a susceptible species. Hemagglutinating activity was not found in the other three completely refractory species of mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex nigripalpus, and Aedes albopictus in which blood coagulated rapidly after ingestion. High titers of hemagglutinins in the salivary glands of Ae. taeniorhynchus and An. quadrimaculatus facilitated rapid movement of sheathed microfilariae from the midgut to the hemocoel. It is suggested that high titers of hemagglutinins present in the hemocoel bound to the glycoconjugates with exposed carbohydrate moieties present on the microfilarial sheaths and developing abnormal larvae (L1) in the thoracic muscle cells. These hemagglutinin-bound glycoconjugates formed capsules that subsequently stimulated the immune response and resulted in melanization of microfilarial sheaths and sheathed microfilariae in the hemocoel and intracellularly developing abnormal L1 in the thoracic muscles. Only minimal encapsulation and melanization of B. malayi microfilariae was observed in the hemocoel of the other four species of mosquitoes that lacked hemagglutinins in the salivary glands. The results suggest that tissue specific hemagglutinins are one of several factors of vector susceptibility/refractoriness through immune reactions (encapsulation, activation of prophenoloxidases).

Aedes↗

PubMed1976

[Onchocerca raillieti n.sp. (Filarioidea) from a domestic donkey in Africa].

Onchocerca raillieti sp. n. (Filarioidea), from the domestic donkey (Equus asinus) in Africa, is described. The species is compared to O. bohmi (Supperer, 1953) n.comb, O. reticulata Diesing, 1841, O. cervicalis Railliet et Henry, 1910, O. flexuosa (Wedl, 1856) and O. armillata Railliet et Henry, 1909 and can be differentiated by numerous characters of which the most important are the anterior region of the female (which is straight and slender, 6 to 8 cm long, and bears longitudinal striae) and the 10 symmetrically arranged pairs of caudal papillae. O. raillieti seems to be a primitive species by several characters (caudal papillae, cervical papillae, oesophagus, vulva and cuticle.)

Animals↗

PubMed1985

The genetic control of host responses to Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea) infections in mice.

Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea) infections were established in inbred strains of mice by the s.c. implantation of adult female worms and the resulting microfilaraemia and adult worm survival monitored. BALB/c mice were the most susceptible strain examined, showing a high level microfilaraemia of approximately 6 month's duration. C57Bl/10, CBA/Ca and C3H/He mice were all equally resistant to infection, showing a low level of microfilaraemia of approximately 1 month's duration. The response of NIH mice was intermediate. Relatively little strain difference was seen in adult worm survival although worms lived slightly longer in C57Bl/10 mice than in BALB/c mice. The adult females became depleted of microfilariae over a period of approximately 1 month before becoming encapsulated in host tissue. Challenge infections given to mice previously implanted with worms resulted in lower level, shorter lasting microfilaraemias than those seen in the initial primary infections. All strains showed immunity when challenged. High responsiveness (resistance) was inherited as a dominant trait in F1 hybrids produced by crossing high and low responder strains. Genes linked with the major histocompatibility complex (H-2) were found to have no effect on the response phenotype as demonstrated by the similar responses of H-2 congenic mice on the BALB/c or C57bl/10 backgrounds. The response phenotype of radiation chimaeras was determined by the phenotype of the donor from which bone marrow (BM) cells were taken for reconstitution. Susceptible BALB/c mice reconstituted with resistant B10D2/n BM behaved identically to the donor strain, indicating that the genetic variation which exists between mouse strains in their responses to D. viteae is expressed through a population of BM derived cells and is not simply a consequence of host structure or physiology.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea): culture of third-stage larvae to young adults in vitro.

Infective third-stage larvae of Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) were cultured to young adults in a cell-free culture system. Third-stage larvae from the tick vector grew, developed, and molted twice in a medium containing NCTC 135 and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum under a gas phase of 95 percent nitrogen and 5 percent carbon dioxide. The availability of such a culture system for filariids should facilitate studies of their immunology, biochemistry, and sensitivity to drugs.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Orientation of Onchocerca lienalis stiles (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) microfilariae to black fly saliva.

Black flies (Simulium spp.) are intermediate hosts and vectors of parasitic nematodes belonging to the genus Onchocerca (Filarioidea Onchocercidae). Infection and subsequent transmission of infective third-stage larvae occur at the vertebrate host-skin interface. Experimental evidence presented here demonstrates that Onchocerca lienalis Stiles microfilariae orient to one or more components (microfilarial orientation factor [s]; MOF) in black fly saliva. MOFs may serve as a means for microfilariae to find and infect black flies during the act of blood-feeding. Directed movement through the host's skin to the bite site is necessary because Onchocerca spp. microfilariae do not circulate in the blood. The substance directing microfilarial orientation appears to be a salivary protein, but it is not the Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt erythema protein (SVEP) described from New World Simulium spp. These results support earlier field observations that associated increased numbers of cutaneous microfilariae with black fly feeding and indicate that a fundamental molecular mechanism linked to vector saliva may be key for the maintenance of the life cycle of Onchocerca spp. Salivary molecules that induce orientation of microfilariae to the bite site are potential targets for use in transmission-blocking vaccines to uncouple this primary vector infection step.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Immunocytochemical studies on Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea).

The antigenic properties of adult male and female worms of the nematode Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea) were studied by immunocytochemistry. Using sera of rodents infected with this parasite, the binding of antibodies to sections of worms embedded in Epon was assayed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique and by light microscopy. In female worms antigen-antibody reactions were located in the uterine fluid, the inner uterus wall, the circumference of the microfilariae and in the egg shell. Male D. viteae showed binding of antibodies in the vesica seminalis and in the vas deferens. Both sexes has also less pronounced antigenic activities in cuticula, muscle and intestine.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Filarid parasites of South Kalimantan (Borneo) Indonesia. Wuchereria kalimantani sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the silvered leaf monkey, Presbytis cristatus Eschscholtz 1921.

On the basis of morphological characteristics of adult and microfilarial stages, Wuchereria kalimantani sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) is described. The parasites were recovered from the inguinal lymph nodes and testes of silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) from a rubber estate, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. Adult males are characterized by having more than 24 caudal papillae, a left spicule with a simple lamina, four pairs of sessile caudal papillae, a blunt tail, a mean overall length of 41 mm, and sheathed microfilariae with a nude tail tip; accordingly, the parasite is placed in the genus Wuchereria. This is the second species of Wuchereria described on the basis of both adult and embryonic forms, and is the first such species that has been found to infect primates naturally.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Histochemical distribution of esterases in adult Onchocerca fasciata (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae).

The localization and distribution patterns of non-specific esterases (NSE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in adult female Onchocerca fasciata (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) have been determined using enzyme histochemical techniques. NSE activity was highest in the hypodermis and mild to moderate in the somatic musculature and uterine epithelium. The intensity of the reaction was decreased but not eliminated by sodium fluoride. AChE activity was found in the hypodermis and cuticle of the female worm, highest in fully formed microfilariae in the uterus, whereas early oocytes and embryonic forms were negative. Butyrylcholinesterase activity showed similar but less intense staining reactions at the same sites. Eserine-treated sections showed no AChE activity in all areas where it is usually present. The present techniques failed to demonstrate AChE activity in the nervous tissue including the hypodermal nerve trunks and neuromuscular junctions of the worm. The possible functional significance of the demonstrable enzymes was discussed with respect to their location. NSE activity may be involved in lipid metabolism, whereas AChE activity may have a role in host-parasite relationship.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMed1963