PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “FISSURE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Operative procedures for fissure in ano.

BACKGROUND: Operative techniques commonly used for fissure in ano include: anal stretch, open lateral sphincterotomy, closed lateral sphincterotomy, posterior midline sphincterotomy and to a lesser extent dermal flap coverage of the fissure. Reports of direct comparisons between operative techniques for anal fissure are variable in their results. These reports are either subject to selection bias (in non-randomized studies) or observer bias (in almost all studies) or have inadequate numbers of patients enrolled to answer the question of efficacy. OBJECTIVES: To determine the best technique for fissure surgery. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched using the key words: "surgery, anal fissure". Additional search terms such as "anal sphincterotomy" and "anal fissure therapy" disclosed no additional reports. The list of cited references in all included reports also was helpful in finding additional comparative studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: All reports in which there was a direct comparison between at least two operative techniques were reviewed and when more than one report existed for any given pair, that report was included. If crude data were not presented in the report, the authors were contacted and crude data obtained. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The two most commonly used end points in all reported studies were persistence of the fissure and post operative incontinence of flatus. These are the only two endpoints included in the meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS: Anal stretch has a higher risk of fissure persistence than internal sphincterotomy and also a significantly higher risk of minor incontinence than sphincterotomy. The combined results of open versus closed partial lateral internal sphincterotomy show little difference between the two procedures both in fissure persistence and risk of incontinence. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Anal stretch and posterior midline internal sphincterotomy should probably be abandoned in the treatment of chronic anal fissure in adults. For those patients requiring surgery for anal fissure, open and closed partial lateral internal sphincterotomy appear to be equally efficacious. More data are needed to assess the effectiveness of posterior internal sphincterotomy.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2006

Penetration ability and microleakage of a fissure sealant applied on artificial and natural enamel fissure caries.

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This study investigated the sealing ability of a current available unfilled fissure sealant applied over sound (n=80), artificially created (n=80) and naturally carious fissures (n=80) under different humidity conditions (90+/-2 and 45+/-2% relative humidity) and etching times (40 and 60s). All samples were submitted to 5000 thermal cycles and examined by light microscopy after sectioning. Microleakage, penetration ability, fissure type, fissure entrance angle, sealant occlusal length, caries location and caries depth were assessed. RESULTS: The significantly longer sealant occlusal length and larger entrance angle exhibited by shallow fissures, contributed to their higher microleakage and smaller amounts of unfilled areas compared to deep fissures. Sealant microleakage was significantly influenced by the condition of the enamel (sound, artificial and natural caries) and the caries location in the fissures, but not by enamel caries depth (D1 and D2), etching time, or humidity condition. Natural caries exhibited significantly higher microleakage than sound or artificially created carious fissures. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that location of caries in the fissure rather than its depth should be taken into account when applying a fissure sealant. When the borders of the fissure sealant are on carious enamel, a significantly higher microleakage must be expected. The artificial caries model was not a suitable method to assess the behavior of natural fissure caries.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1996

The effect of fissure morphology and pretreatment of the enamel surface on penetration and adhesion of fissure sealants.

Fissure sealants have been used successfully as a means of preventing fissure caries. This effectiveness is directly related to sealant retention and retention is dependent upon a meticulous method of application. The aims of this study were to determine if sealant adhesion and penetration were affected by the variation in preparation of the enamel surface, or by pretreatment of the enamel surface with dentine adhesive systems, in fissures of varying morphology. Non-carious posterior teeth were visually examined and sorted according to fissure type, classified as shallow, deep or intermediate. Occlusal fissures were sealed using one of six methods, thermocycled for 200 cycles between 5 and 55 degrees C, in artificial saliva, then placed in a 1.5% procion orange dye for 3 min. Teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and examined with a light microscope for (i) penetration of the sealant into the fissure pattern and (ii) adhesion of the sealant. All sealant techniques employed in this study adapted well to the enamel surface as the 1.5% procion Reactive orange dye failed to penetrate any of the sealed tooth sections. Shallow fissures were well obturated in both lateral and vertical dimensions. Sealants adapted well to the vertical walls at the orifice of deep fissures but generally failed to penetrate into the deeper aspects. Reducing the etching period with 37% phosphoric acid resulted in increased voids between the sealant and enamel surface and poorer adaptation to the vertical walls. The addition of dentine adhesive systems, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and All-Bond 2, enhanced the vertical penetration of the sealant, particularly in deep fissures. It is proposed that the dentine adhesive systems may improve the retention rate of sealants in deep fissures particularly if the fissure is not completely dry prior to resin placement.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2003

Pits and fissures: relative space contribution in fissures from sealants, prophylaxis pastes and organic remnants.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies by the authors have looked at the nature of the fissure system of human permanent molars and premolars, and has provided evidence for the presence of a prismless layer of enamel. It was noted during these studies that the fissure spaces were often occupied by material other than the fissure sealant. The aim of this study was to define these materials and to look at the percentage contribution of each to the sealed fissure space. METHODS: A sample of teeth, both molars and premolars, were sealed with an unfilled fissure sealant after prophylaxis with a coloured prophylaxis paste. In one group, the crown of the tooth was removed by dissolution in hydrochloric acid following placement of the sealant. This revealed a negative image of the fissure system and its contents. The second group of teeth was sectioned following sealing, and the contents of the fissure space were analyzed. RESULTS: The negative image of the fissure system displayed the fissure contents by colour and the sectioned teeth were able to be computer analyzed to establish the relative contribution of sealant, prophylaxis paste and organic material to the fissure space. CONCLUSIONS: Sealant contribution was in the range of 14-96 per cent, prophylaxis paste from 0-50 per cent and organic remnants 0-55 per cent. The presence of these last two components could contribute to sealant loss.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1984

Fissure removal and needle scraping for evaluation of the bacteria in occlusal fissures of human teeth.

The bacterial counts obtained with a needle-scrape method for collecting plaque samples from human occlusal fissures with incipient caries were compared with the microflora remaining in the fissures as determined with a fissure removal method. Scraping of six fissures with a sterile needle recovered only 18.2% of the total recovered fissure flora. The needle-scrape method failed to detect specific cariogenic bacteria which were present in four of the fissures. Treatment of nine fissures with an antibacterial solution demonstrated that the needle method failed to detect viable bacteria in eight of the fissures which were subsequently shown to contain bacteria by fissure removal. The commonly used needle-scraping method does not appear adequate for studies on the effect of antimicrobial agents on fissure plaque.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of fissure cleaning methods, drying agents, and fissure morphology on microleakage and penetration ability of sealants in vitro.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of different cleaning methods and the use of post-etching drying agents, as well as the influence of fissure types on the microleakage and penetration ability of fissure sealants. METHODS: Ninety extracted human molar teeth were randomly divided into 9 groups of 10 each. The treatment groups were defined by the combination of different cleaning methods (traditional pumice prophylaxis, air abrasion with Prophyflex, and air abrasion with Airflow handy) and different drying agents (no drying agent, alcohol 99%, and acetone 99.5%). The teeth were thermocycled (5,000 cycles at 5 degrees C-55 degrees C) and were then immersed in a solution of 5% methylene blue for 24 hours. Microleakage, penetration ability, and fissure types were examined after sectioning. Multiple regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in microleakage and the penetration ability between the use of different cleaning methods and sealant placement with or without drying agents (P>.05). Y2 fissure type exhibited significantly higher unfilled areas than other fissure types (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Neither air abrasion with acid etching nor the use of post-etching drying agents decreased microleakage and improved the penetration ability of sealants significantly compared to the conventional sealant application. Fissure type was significantly related to the penetration ability of sealants.

Air Abrasion, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Transcerebellomedullary fissure approach with special reference to methods of dissecting the fissure.

OBJECT: The purpose of the present study was to refine the transcerebellomedullary fissure approach to the fourth ventricle and to clarify the optimal method of dissecting the fissure to obtain an appropriate operative view without splitting the inferior vermis. METHODS: The authors studied the microsurgical anatomy by using formalin-fixed specimens to determine the most appropriate method of dissecting the cerebellomedullary fissure. While dissecting the spaces around the tonsils and making incisions in the ventricle roof, the procedures used to expose each ventricle wall were studied. Based on their findings, the authors adopted the best approach for use in 19 cases of fourth ventricle tumor. The fissure was further separated into two slit spaces on each side: namely the uvulotonsillar and medullotonsillar spaces. The floor of the fissure was composed of the tela choroidea, inferior medullary velum, and lateral recess, which form the ventricle roof. In this approach, the authors first dissected the spaces around the tonsils and then incised the taenia with or without the posterior margin of the lateral recess. These precise dissections allowed for easy retraction of the tonsil(s) and uvula and provided a sufficient view of the ventricle wall such that the deep aqueductal region and the lateral region around the lateral recess could be seen without splitting the vermis. The dissecting method could be divided into three different types, including extensive (aqueduct), lateral wall, and lateral recess, depending on the location of the ventricle wall and the extent of surgical exposure required. CONCLUSIONS: When the fissure is appropriately and completely opened, the approach provides a sufficient operative view without splitting the vermis. Two key principles of this opening method are sufficient dissection of the spaces around the tonsil(s) and an incision of the appropriate portions of the ventricle roof. The taenia(e) with or without the posterior margin of the lateral recess(es) should be incised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effects of application techniques and fissure types on the in vitro performance of two fissure sealants.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of two materials, modified applications, moisture contamination and fissure types on the microleakage and penetration ability of fissure sealants. METHODS: 140 extracted human molar teeth were randomly assigned to 14 groups. The three following factors were tested: 1) two sealing materials (Concise and Tetric Flow), 2) four modified applications (cleaning with an air polishing device, etching with a vibration system, the use of drying agent and sealant application with a vibration system), 3) the procedures performed under two conditions (at ambient room condition and in a humidity chamber). Each tooth was subjected to thermal cycling (5000 cycles at 5-55 degrees C) and dye immersion (5% Methylene blue for 24 hours). After sectioning, microleakage, penetration ability and fissure type were examined. Multiple regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The type of sealing materials and the modified applications were significantly associated with microleakage (P<0.001). The significant impacts on penetration ability were the fissure type, material and mode of application (P<0.004). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Concise showed significantly better performance than Tetric Flow. The non-invasive cleaning method with an air polishing system and the use of drying agent improved the quality of sealants. The greatest influence on penetration ability was the fissure type.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The immediate and long-term effects of invasive and noninvasive pit and fissure sealing techniques on the microflora in occlusal fissures of human teeth.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acid conditioning and occlusal sealant on microbial colonization of pit and fissures submitted to ameloplasty or left intact. Human enamel blocks containing fissures prepared from the occlusal surfaces of unerupted third molars were implanted in occlusal fillings in molars of 12 patients for seven, 30, 60, and 120 days. After seven days of exposure to the oral environment, the pit and fissure blocks were removed and found to be colonized, mainly with gram-positive coccal flora. The acid-etching procedure itself reduced the number of cultivable microorganisms by about 95%. Subsequent application of occlusal sealant caused a gradual decrease of the remaining viable microorganism throughout the experiment. Despite the decrease of 100% after acid etching in most of the fissures submitted to ameloplasty, the occlusal sealant did not lead to a subsequent significant reduction.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2004

Influence of the pretreatment of occlusal pits and fissures on the retention of a fissure sealant.

PURPOSE: To evaluate different regimens of enamel conditioning on the retention of a pit and fissure sealant. METHODS: 100 extracted human molars were randomized into 10 experimental groups (n = 10). Conditioning of occlusal pits and fissures was performed with either 37% H3PO4, diamond bur and 37% H3PO4, Er:YAG laser, Er:YAG laser and 37% H3PO4, air abrasion (3 different settings), air abrasion (3 different settings) and subsequent acid etching with 37% H3PO4. 24 hours after placing a compomer-based sealant, the specimens were artificially aged by thermocycling (5/55 degrees C; x1000) and immersed in basic fuchsin dye for another 24 hours. After sectioning, dye penetration along the enamel-resin-interface was determined (% of the fissure depth). Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test. For qualitative investigations, two further specimens of each group were analyzed in the SEM. RESULTS: Conventional acid etching resulted in significantly superior sealant retention than conditioning with either the Er:YAG laser or air abrasion (irrespective of particle size or air pressure). If mechanical conditioning of the laser or air abrasion was followed by acid-etching, results were statistically equal to the acid-etch only group.

Air Abrasion, Dental↗
PubMed1993

Five-year survival rate of fissure sealings and fissure restorations.

Five hundred and thirty-four sealants and fissure restorations were checked up over a period of five years. The survival rate within five to six years amounted to 94.3% and 77.2% in relation to total and partial loss, respectively. It was significantly lower with molars than with premolars. No significant difference was found between sealants and fissure restorations nor with applications in the upper and lower jaws. Sealants and fissure restorations seem to be recommendable for the prevention as well as for conservative treatment of initial defects because more substance of the tooth is preserved than with conventional filling methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Anal fissures and fissurations].

The anal fissure syndrome is characterized by a triad: anal pain accompanying defaecation; one or several anal ulcers; anal internal sphincter hypertonia. Fissure in ano is the most frequent cause; diagnosis is clinical; pathogenic understanding and treatment are in rapid progress. Secondary anal fissurations are characterized by a less typical syndrome, by the necessity of special investigations for diagnosis and by an etiology-oriented treatment. Their causes are multiple. The most frequent are infectious, essentially sexually transmitted diseases, and the tumour, mainly anal epidermoid cancer.

Anus Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical evaluation of two light cured pit and fissure sealants for preventing pit and fissure caries in children].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of two light cured pit and fissure sealants for preventing pit and fissure caries. METHODS: 416 health permanent teeth in 162 children aged 6 to 8 years old children were divided into two groups, enameloplasty sealant technique (EST) and cup-shaped brush sealant technique (CST) were used in two groups, respeitively. 90 and 112 contralateral healthy teeth were used as self controls respectively. The rate of the sealant reservation and the incidence of caries were compared in the two groups, and the clinical effect of the two groups was compared using SPSS10.0 software package for Chi-square test. RESULTS: After 3 years, the rate of the sealant reservation and the incidence of caries of EST were 85.4% and 0.9% respectively, the rate of the sealant reservation and the incidence of caries of CST were 63.8% and 6.7% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: EST and CST both have good clinical effects, While EST is superior to CST in preventing pit and fissure caries.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1996

Fissure sealants: a 4-year clinical trial comparing an experimental glass polyalkenoate cement with a bis glycidyl methacrylate resin used as fissure sealants.

The 4-year results of a fissure sealant trial are reported. Glass polyalkenoate and bis GMA sealant were applied to 590 first permanent molar teeth using a half mouth study design in a group of 228 6-8-year-old children. Similar cariostasis was observed for the two materials at the end of 4 years despite marked differences in retention. Polyalkenoate cements probably should be regarded as 'fluoride depot' materials rather than fissure sealants when used in this context.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed1989

Colorado pit and fissure sealant survey: attitudes toward and use of pit and fissure sealants by Colorado general dentists.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey of Colorado general dentists regarding the use of and attitudes toward pit and fissure sealants. The survey consisted of a questionnaire to determine the utilization levels of sealants by general dentists, reasons for limited placement or non-utilization of sealants, whether sealant placement was delegated to dental auxiliaries or not, and if continuing education courses on sealants had been attended by the dentists and/or their dental auxiliaries. A total of 544 completed questionnaires were available for study. The results indicated that sealants were used by 82.7% of the dentists. Approximately 70% of the practitioners reported that they utilized sealants either routinely or occasionally. Reasons for limited placement or non-utilization of sealants were, in descending order: 1) Not covered by insurance; 2) Inadvertent sealing in of caries; 3) Sealants do not last; 4) Sealants too expensive; 5) Not familiar with sealant technique; 6) Sealants not effective. Placement of sealants was delegated as follows: 1) Dentists, 64.8%; 2) Hygienists, 17.8%; 3) Assistants, 17.4%. Continuing education courses had been attended by 29.1% of the dentists surveyed. Only 6.6% of the dentists indicated that their staff had attended continuing education courses on sealant placement. A relatively high percentage of Colorado dentists are utilizing sealants on a frequent basis. Major reasons for limited usage or non-utilization of sealants relates to lack of insurance coverage and concern regarding sealing in of caries. A need for continuing education courses on sealants appears to exist.

Colorado↗