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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Initial management of severe facial injuries].

Severe facial injuries may be treated within the first 12-h-period or delayed for several days while the patient is transferred to an appropriate hospital. The goal of treatment should be optimal primary reconstruction of all the damaged structures. Specialized experience, instruments and a well-equipped operative theatre are necessary. Adequate primary treatment may so prevent functional losses or deficits and mutilations and reduce secondary plastic surgical interventions to a minimum. Typical case examples are demonstrated.

Facial Bones↗
PubMed1987

[Management of concomitant fractures in facial injuries].

Today facial fractures should be treated by open reduction. Extensive exposure of the affected areas, anatomical reduction and rigid fixation of skeletal segments are critical for the restoration of function and aesthetics. Specially designed implants according to the different anatomical areas and selftapping screws make internal plate fixation a fast and safe procedure.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1977

Facial injuries in hockey players.

As otolaryngologists become more involved with maxillofacial trauma, we are encountering an increasing number of athletic injuries. Ice hockey accounts for a large number of these facial injuries. The fast moving and random nature of the game, frequent body and equipment contact and lack of protective devices, predisposes the hockey player to facial injury. Because of the roughly tenfold increase in hockey participation over the last decade, the problem of facial injury prevention has become a significant public health problem in North America. Review of the medical literature shows a paucity of interest in the subject of facial injury prevention in hockey. Several articles have dealt with ocular injury, while other articles have dealt with the general subject of hockey injury with only scant attention paid to the facial area. A retrospective study was carried out to more clearly define the scope of the facial injury problem. Four levels of hockey play were examined. Individuals from the youngest and most inexperienced to seasoned professionals were studied. An individually completed questionnaire was received from players in each group. It is the purpose of this paper to indicate the rates of injury for the various types of facial trauma, present their mechanisms of occurrence and discuss means of preventing facial injury in hockey players.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1990

A case-control study of the effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets in preventing facial injury.

In a case-control study we sought to assess the potential effectiveness of helmets in preventing facial injuries. Our study included 212 bicyclists with facial injuries and 319 controls with injuries to other body areas, who were treated in emergency rooms of five Seattle area hospitals over a one-year period. Using regression analyses to control for age, sex, education and income, accident severity, and cycling experience we found no definite effect of helmets on the risk of serious facial injury (odds ratio 0.81; 95 percent confidence interval = 0.45, 1.5), but protection against serious injuries to the upper face (odds ratio 0.27; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.8). No protection was found against serious injuries to the lower face. The independent effect of helmet use on facial injury was difficult to isolate due to the association of head and facial injuries. Our results suggest that bicycle helmets as presently designed may have some protective effect against serious upper facial injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Soft tissue facial injuries related to vehicular accidents.

Most facial injuries are not dire emergencies, except in the case of airway obstruction and in unrecognized, prolonged bleeding or oozing from facial wounds. Yet one must keep in mind the psychologic impact that facial injuries may have upon the patient and his family.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

An analysis of the pattern of facial injuries in a general accident department.

Over a period of one year 20 549 new patients attended an accident and emergency department. Of these patients, 15 555 were victims of accidents, including 875 who had sustained facial injuries. This latter group comprised 609 patients with soft tissue trauma and 266 with skeletal injury. The frequency, aetiology, age and sex distribution of the facial injuries were analysed and compared with other published statistical surveys of facial injury. It is concluded that facial injuries constitute a significant proportion of the work of a civilian accident unit and that any accident service must have adequate facilities for the management of these injuries.

Accidents↗
PubMed1986

Facial injuries sustained during sports and games.

This study is an investigation into the number and type of facial injuries due to sports and games, because no detailed information on these dental misfortunes could be found in the literature. The group investigated consisted of 319 patients, treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Nijmegen in the period January 1, 1971-December 31, 1978. Facial injuries were classified into different types of fractures according to site as also were further series of associated injuries. Males were shown to be more prone to facial injuries than females (2.4:1). In the age group 15-40 years, males proved to be more prone to such injuries than the age group under 15 years. The major part of the injuries is due to fractures of the alveolar process and/or luxation of teeth (59.6%), the zygomatic bone and arch (24.2%) and the mandible (15.3%). Fractures of the maxilla and the nose were rarely seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Lower-third facial injuries: management and complications.

I report 1,110 patients with lower-third facial injuries isolated from 1,608 patients with different types of facial injuries. Mixed injuries (bone and soft tissue) were most common (72%; n = 805). The most common site of fracture was the body of the mandible (26.12%; n = 290). One hundred sixty-three patients underwent soft-tissue and bony reconstruction with a local soft-tissue flap or an iliac bone graft, or both. Three procedures failed because of gingival tearing. Other treatments ranged from conservative treatment to different types of closed or open reduction. Postinjury and postsurgery complications were many and involved soft tissue, nerves, tongue, and bones. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 3 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Facial injuries caused by dog bites in childhood. Clinical staging, therapy and prevention].

Dog bite injuries are a frequent cause of facial injuries in childhood. Between 1986 and 1990 we treated 16 children with facial dog bite injuries. Based on these experiences we suggest a clinical classification, corresponding therapeutic rules and prophylactic possibilities, summarized according to the literature. It is our aim to establish guidelines for the physician concerned with the therapy of these injuries, and advice to involved families.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Facial injuries in mass catastrophes, principles of differentiated treatment].

Even in peace time mass injuries may occur where a large number of people suffer facial injuries. Doctors, paramedical workers as well as the lay public should possess the right type of information and know how to give first aid. Only well trained workers can cope with pretentious classification, ensure life saving operations, i.e. arrest massive haemorrhage immediately, restore the patency of the airways, ensure rapid but safe transport to health institutions where the majority of casualties can obtain skilled treatment. There resuscitation with replacement of blood losses must proceed as prevention of shock. Treatment of severe facial injuries has some special features to which the author draws attention.

Disasters↗
PubMed1979

Chain-saw facial injuries.

Accidents caused by kickback from chain saws produce facial injuries with consistent features. These features include oblique, destructive, ragged lacerations of the left side of the face. Although eyelid damage may be severe, damage to the globe itself is minimal. An analysis of 10 such accidents revealed this consistent pattern. Of this group, eight injuries were left-sided and six involved mainly the eyelid and adjacent structures. Only one patient was left with permanent damage to the globe and with slightly impaired (20/60) vision. The upper lid was always more severely damaged than the lower. The author discusses the merits and disadvantages of protective devices for both operator and machine.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

[Facial injuries in bicyclists: epidemiological analysis and prophylactic consequences].

Bicycle accidents in adults are common and concern frequently injuries to head and face. 150 of totally 216 patients with cycle accidents in a six month' prospective study at the Basel University Hospital showed face and head trauma. 85 severe facial injuries treated operatively by the Clinic for Reconstructive Surgery between 1985 and 1989 are analysed in detail. These facial injuries are rarely life threatening and normally the postoperative outcome is good. Nevertheless, usual bicycle helmets cannot avoid facial trauma. Therefore traffic educational programs are the most important prophylactic efforts. Technical progress and improvement of the bicycles ask for better trained cyclists. Further more, the importance of really respecting the traffic rules as well as the construction of separate cycle routes is stressed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1976

A model study of facial injury caused by impact while wearing an ophthalmic frame.

Damage to facial tissue caused by an ophthalmic frame when there is impact to the face was studied by means of a paraffin-covered mannequin head. Under mild conditions of impact it was easily observed that metal frames and metal components do more tissue damage than is done by a zylframe. A series of the commonly dispensed frames was compared for facial injury potential caused by impact to the face.

Biophysical Phenomena↗