Male involvement in family planning.
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BACKGROUND: In the United States, approximately 4% of women of reproductive age use natural family planning (NFP) to avoid pregnancy. It is unclear whether this low number is related to a lack of available information, women's lack of interest, or other factors. Our study examined women's interest in using NFP either to become pregnant or to avoid it. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to 1500 women, aged 18 to 50, who were randomly selected from driver's license renewal records in Missouri for the year beginning July 1991 and ending June 1992. RESULTS: Of the 747 returned questionnaires, 484 were from women who were still potentially fertile. Of these women, 22.5% indicated that they would be likely or very likely to use NFP in the future to avoid pregnancy, and 37.4% indicated that they would be likely or very likely to use NFP in the future to become pregnant. Only 2.8% were currently using a method of NFP. Past use of any method of NFP (including the outdated calendar rhythm method) to avoid pregnancy was associated with interest in future use of modern methods of NFP to avoid pregnancy. Past use of NFP to become pregnant and the possible desire for future pregnancy were associated with interest in future use of NFP to conceive. CONCLUSIONS: Many women who are not currently using NFP indicated that they are interested in doing so in the future, either to avoid pregnancy or to conceive. Interest in future use of NFP is associated with, but not limited to, those who have previously used NFP.
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This US Act provides the following with respect to universal access to child immunization: "The Congress calls upon the President to direct the Agency for International Development, working through the Centers for Disease Control and other appropriate Federal agencies, to work in a global effort to provide enhanced support towards achieving the goal of universal access to childhood immunization by 1990 by 1) assisting in the delivery, distribution, and use of vaccines, including a) the building of locally sustainable systems and technical capacities in developing countries to reach, by the appropriate age, not less than 80% of their annually projected target population with the full schedule of required immunizations and b) the development of a sufficient network of indigenous professionals and institutions with responsibility for developing, monitoring, and assessing immunization program and continually adapting strategies to reach the goal of preventing immunizable diseases and 2) performing, supporting, and encouraging research and development activities, in both the public and the private sector, that will be targeted at developing new vaccines and at modifying and improving existing vaccines to make them more appropriate for use in developing countries. In support of this global effort, the President should appeal to the people of the US and the US private sector to support public and private efforts to provide the resources necessary to achieve universal access to childhood immunization by 1990." The Act also does the following with respect to various forms of bilateral assistance: 1) prohibits the use of funds for an organization or program that supports coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization; 2) prohibits the use of funds for the performance of abortion as a method of family planning (FP); 3) provides that in awarding grants for natural FP under section 104 of the Foreign Assistance Act no applicant shall be discriminated against because of such applicant's religious or conscientious commitment to offer only natural FP. In addition, the Act stipulates that with respect to appropriations for the Department of Health and Human Services no funds will be used to perform abortions except where the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to term.
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Thought to be at least as reliable as condoms, the world's first electronic contraceptive expected to go on sale this year displays a green light when it is safe to have sex. Independent experts supervising trials of the Unipath Personal Contraceptive System say it could transform family planning, offering millions of women an alternative to the pill with no risk to health. It is not a physical contraceptive and provides computer-guided advice on when to abstain from sex. Conversely, it is also seen as an aid to those women who are trying to become pregnant, because it acts as an accurate fertility indicator. During the past year, the system developed by Unipath, the medical division of Unilever, has been tested by 1500 women in Europe. Preliminary results suggest that its reliability falls between that of condoms, which the WHO says are 88% safe on average, and the pill (98.2%). Unipath plans to charge about 80 pounds plus another pound for a month's supply of sticks. The Family Planning Association, which praised the system, expressed reservations about the cost and did not see it "knocking the pill off its perch." John Guillebaud, Medical Director, Margaret Pyke Family Planning Center in London, said: "It could be as good as the condom, but will be very unforgiving if the user breaks the rules."
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