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Results for “Family Planning Programs”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Breastfeeding promotion in family planning programs.

Family planning programs serve large numbers of women of childbearing, and thus breastfeeding, age. Although these programs appear to have a number of characteristics which would be useful for promoting and supporting breastfeeding, most family planning programs have done very little in this area. The Agency for International Development (A.I.D.) and the Institute for International Studies in Natural Family Planning are working to find ways to remove barriers to family planning breastfeeding promotion efforts. Such barriers include lack of or conflicting measures of program success and lack of information on the breastfeeding/fertility relationship. The Institute is developing guidelines to help family planning programs promote breastfeeding.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2000

Perception of and attitudes toward the Nigerian federal population policy, family planning program and family planning in Kaduna State, Nigeria.

This paper discusses the perceptions of the Nigerian population policy, family planning program and family planning using data obtained from a 1995 survey of 600 Atyap women aged 15-49 years, in Nigeria. Additional qualitative data were obtained from married and unmarried women and men, clergymen, government officials, and respected community elders. The predominantly Christian and rural Atyap community generally accepts modern contraception and the need for family size reduction but considers the "four-is-enough" policy to be unacceptable. Religion may be important in determining the success of the federal government to reduce family size to four children by the year 2000.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Culture and the management of family planning programs.

Integrating family planning programs with local cultures can increase or undermine their effectiveness. Program design and organization will be influenced by kinship and reproductive decision-making, which varies across regions, racial and communal divisions, and religions. Program implementation depends on four aspects of culture: (1) the understanding, acceptance, and continued practice of family planning by clients; (2) the climate in the organizations responsible for fieldwork, which affects the disposition to work and the tasks to be done; (3) the ability and willingness of field implementers to do their work; and (4) the communities in which clients live, including collective attitudes toward family planning and local pressures put on clients to participate. The Indonesian family planning program is a case in which these elements of culture are often positive. Other programs, such as that in Kenya, have a more negative environment for action.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2002

The future of family planning programs.

National family planning programs have been an important instrument in accelerating global fertility decline and in restricting ultimate world population to a level probably below ten billion. They began to come into being after 1950 and will probably go out of existence in most of the world's regions by 2050. The archetypal programs were instituted in Asia and North Africa. The end of the twentieth century is an appropriate half-way mark at which to evaluate the twentieth-century programs and to assess what changes in them will be needed for the twenty-first century. Some changes are necessary because dramatic events have occurred: (1) long-term replacement-level fertility has been attained in most of East Asia and some of Southeast Asia, and accordingly, some programs there are being phased out; (2) mainland South Asian fertility has been slower to decline; (3) international donor funding is diminishing and may not be significant during much of the twenty-first century; (4) the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo called for a radical change in programs away from demographic aims and toward reproductive health and the improvement of the situation of women; and (5) the future family planning frontier will be sub-Saharan Africa, for which radically new types of programs may have to be developed. These issues were discussed in January 2000 at a conference held in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A selection of contributions to the conference is published here. This article provides an overview of the issues based partly on this selection and partly on the discussions that took place at the conference.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1993

Restructuring federalism: the impact of Reagan policies on the family planning program.

Through fiscal cutbacks and structural changes, Reagan's federalism assaulted the ethos of public health. In assessing the effects of Reagan policies on a basic public health program, family planning services, we find a substantial decrease in spending for this program, a reduction in the numbers of patients served, and increased variation among the states in the provision of services to low-income women. These effects are comparable with findings from other studies on the impact of Reagan's federalism upon social programs and have manifold implications for public health.

Capital Financing↗
PubMed1983

An evaluation of an adolescent family planning program.

The family planning program of an adolescent care clinic (ACC) was evaluated to determine its effect on the teenage birth rate. The ACC was attempting to provide more accessible family planning services to a low-income, minority teenage population. The first evaluation compared the teenage birth rate for the target area served by the ACC with a matched area for 4 years before the ACC began offering services ("pre-intervention") and four years after ("post-intervention"). The two groups did not differ for the pre-intervention period, but the ACC target area had a lower birth rate for the post-intervention period (p = 0.015). The second evaluation was designed to compare the teenage birth rate within the target area for adolescents using the ACC and those not using the service for one year. Adjusting for age and race, the rate for the ACC was 58.0 births per 1,000 and for the non-ACC group, 112.4 births per 1,000 (p less than 0.001). The results suggest the importance of providing accessible family planning services for adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors to address when periodic abstinence is offered by multi-method family planning programs.

Multi-method family planning programs are committed to informed free choice of contraceptives. Thus they are expected to provide information and education, and facilitate access to services for those individuals and couples who want to practice periodic abstinence. Various factors affect the commitment and ability of multi-method family planning programs for providing periodic abstinence services. These factors include the effectiveness and cost of the method, attitude and technical competence of service providers, information and education strategies, and approaches for providing services. These factors are discussed in this paper. Information on providing periodic abstinence in a multi-method service situation is very scarce. The need for research, particularly operations research, for gathering information to guide program managers and service providers in the integration of periodic abstinence services is discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Measuring components of family planning program effort.

The measures of family planning program effort developed by Lapham and Mauldin have played a key role in family planning program analysis, but surprisingly little is known about them. This article investigates the measurement of family planning program effort based on data reflecting conditions circa 1982 in 100 developing countries. Using confirmatory factor analytic techniques, it tests some hypotheses implicit in the work of Mauldin and Lapham. Since the data do not fully support these hypotheses, an alternative conceptualization is proposed that consists of eight rather than four components. The discussion focuses on the expanded set of components and includes an assessment of the empirical indicators associated with them.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1975

The measurement and utility of the opinion leadership concept for family planning programs.

The objectives of family planning educational programs often include information diffusion as well as attitude and behavior change within a target population. This paper suggests that working with opinion leaders might be one possible means of fulfilling these objectives. But in order to work with opinion leaders, it is necessary first to identify them. For family planning studies, the operational indicators used in past studies do not appear to be adequate. These indicators do not accurately identify persons who will take an opinion leadership behavior in the future, do not measure knowledge by the opinion leader, do not distinguish positive from negative opinion leaders, and do not take account of the bi-directional flow of information and advice both to and from the opinion leader. Drawing upon data from a family planning study in Baltimore, various examples for inadequate opinion leadership indicators are given. The paper suggests the need to revise these indicators and then outlines a simple and inexpensive program that might be used to channel the energies and activities of family planning opinion leaders towards the fulfillment of program objectives.

Attitude↗
PubMed2001

Disobedient distributors: street-level bureaucrats and would-be patrons in community-based family planning programs in rural Kenya.

The implementation of social welfare programs, including family planning programs, is strongly conditioned by the needs, desires, and agendas of those who carry them out, known as "street-level bureaucrats." In this study, the strategies of CBD agents in western Kenya are examined in order to understand how they use their job as a means to achieve their own personal goals. The concept of clientelism, borrowed from the field of political science, can help to explain what the CBD agents are trying to achieve for themselves in their communities, at the same time as they promote the use of contraceptive pills and injections. CBD agents are concerned with building up their own stocks of prestige and respect from their community members, while avoiding blame for any possible negative outcomes of family planning.

Community Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics associated with contraceptive use among adolescent females in school-based family planning programs.

Among 162 young female family planning clients at four school-based health centers, a step-wise regression analysis shows that students' consistency of contraceptive use is associated with only a few specific service and provider characteristics. For example, clients who have more contacts with the family planning program use contraceptives more consistently than those with fewer contacts. On the other hand, young women whose follow-up visits are scheduled to occur within one month of their previous visit are less consistent contraceptive users than other clients. Contraceptive use is not related to whether contraceptives are dispensed on site, whether health education and counseling are provided by a health educator, whether contraceptive services are part of a comprehensive array of services that include medical or counseling services, or whether a family planning visit results in the dispensing of contraceptives or a prescription for contraceptives.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cost-benefit analysis of the Mexican Social Security Administration's family planning program.

A cost-benefit analysis of the family planning program of the Mexican Social Security System (IMSS) was undertaken to test the hypothesis that IMSS's family planning services yield a net savings to IMSS by reducing the load on its maternal and infant care service. The cost data are believed to be of exceptionally high quality because they were empirically ascertained by a retrospective and prospective survey of unit time and personnel costs per specified detailed type of service in 37 IMSS hospitals and 16 clinics in 13 of Mexico's 32 states. Based on the average cost per case, the analysis disclosed that for every peso (constant 1983 currency) that IMSS spent on family planning services to its urban population during 1972-1984 inclusive, the agency saved nine pesos. The article concludes by raising the speculative question as to the proportion of the births averted by the IMSS family planning program that would have been averted in the absence of IMSS's family planning services.

Child Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A decade of Nepal's family planning program: achievements and prospects.

Knowledge and practice of family planning in Nepal increased considerably from mid-1976 through mid-1986, with significant improvements in the availability of and accessibility to contraceptives. However, a proportionately larger share of the achievements were made during 1976-81 than in 1981-86. The impact on fertility of contraceptive use during the decade was minimal. Knowledge and use of reversible contraceptive methods remained very low, primarily because of the continued strong emphasis on sterilization in Nepal's family planning program. Consequently, the welfare of many couples who may be in need of contraception for spacing births, but not necessarily for terminating childbearing, does not appear to be adequately addressed by the program. A more balanced emphasis on reversible methods of contraception does not necessarily imply that a substantially higher level of contraceptive prevalence would be required to reach the fertility target. Several steps to improve program performance and contraceptive method mix are suggested.

Adolescent↗