PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Federal Government”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

RCTs and the federal government.

As the federal government's role in health policy has grown, its involvement in the development, adoption, and use of medical technology has grown concomitantly. The government now makes a wide variety of decisions concerning technology. Many of these decisions involve randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The federal government probably funds or requires a majority of the RCTs carried out in the United States. The federal government also uses the results of RCTs increasingly as an important basis for its decisions, especially within the Medicare program. As the scientific basis for medical practice has improved through use of the RCT, policy decisions have been put on a firmer base.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1994

U.S. Federal Government attempts to promote primary care training.

The federal government of the United States is concerned that only 30-33% of physicians are in primary care practice and not more than approximately 15-20% of recent medical graduates choose primary care. Moreover, the distribution of interns and residents in primary care in recent years is 40% and after "branching" it is realistically only 25%. The federal government's goal through legislative intervention is to increase the pool of U.S. medical graduates to enter primary care from the current level to at least 50% by the turn of the century. To attain this goal, the government is depending on health care reform legislation and making changes in federal legislation that reimburses graduate medical education through direct and indirect Medicare payments. The federal government hopes to produce incentives to increase the pool of primary care physicians and to place disincentives on subspecialty training by altering direct and indirect Medicare payments in favor of primary care training programs; by limiting residency and fellowship slots; and by removing limits on direct payments at ambulatory care sites for training, including non-hospital settings. There is concern among medical educators that these changes in current legislative interventions will not increase to 50% the numbers of medical graduates choosing primary care careers. Accredited residency and fellowship programs need to assess projected manpower needs immediately to justify their positions for achieving a balanced physician workforce for the twenty-first century.

Career Choice↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three meanings of capacity; or, why the federal government is most likely to lead on insurance access issues.

This essay considers on what health policy issues the federal government is best able to lead. Positive leadership requires knowledge, power, and will. The federal government has different supplies of each for different aspects of quality of, cost of, and access to health care. Here I review technical capacity to attain desired ends, define the institutional strengths and weaknesses of the federal government, and outline current dynamics of the national political process. This analysis suggests both prospects for and some characteristics of successful policy. The federal government is more likely to lead on insurance than on other health policy issues because its supply of relevant knowledge and power is relatively high on insurance issues and the political barriers are lower than conventional wisdom suggests. But that leadership could take the form of either the expanding or contracting of access to insurance.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed1982

Selected roles of the federal government and health promotion/disease prevention focus on the worksetting.

The Federal government and industry share a common problem of controlling rising health care costs while simultaneously attempting to improve the health status of workers. It seems likely that some savings could be accrued if Americans were more aggressive in their health promotion and disease detection and control efforts. Self destructive behaviors account for a large share of the nation's health bill. The worksite has been identified as an ideal setting to conduct health promotion/disease prevention activities. Three roles of Federal government, leveraging, legitimation and information dissemination appear to be excellent investments for the federal dollar.

Government Agencies↗
PubMed1980

Health care planning: acts, agencies, and activities of the federal government.

Healthh care planning and provision are societal responsibilities supported by the federal government since 1798. To maximize benefits of money spent on health care during the past two decades, the federal government created in succession Regional Medical Programs, Medicare and Medicaid, area-wide Comprehensive Health Planning Agencies, and Professional Standards Review Organizations, and enacted the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974. Health care planning consists of three phases: assessment, planning, and implementation. Intrinsic to these activities are decisions concerning the extent to which society is willing to devote its resources, the types of health care to be given, and to whom services will be rendered.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1978

The federal governments's role in management of end-stage renal disease.

This presentation traces the history of the Federal government's support of research and development related to the therapeutic modalities dialysis and renal transplantation. A description is presented of the Federal government's role in introduction of these new treatment methods into medical practice and of the gradual assumption by the government of responsibility for funding of the cost of dialysis and transplantation in the United States. Current issues and problems related to the federally subsidized End-State Renal Disease Program are discussed. The concept of "technology assessment" is introduced followed by discussion of the vital role it must play in any future federal development and support of new medical treatment technologies which must be paid for with public moneys because of their high cost.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1997

Federal government expands compliance initiatives.

In 1995, the Federal government initiated Operation Restore Trust to increase enforcement of fraud and abuse regulations in Medicare and Medicaid programs. With the success of the original initiative, the government is expanding the project to additional states and program areas. The initial scrutiny of home health agencies, nursing homes, hospice care, and durable medical equipment is being expanded to managed care plans and acute care hospitals with an eye toward DRG creep. To manage this increased enforcement activity, healthcare organizations should institute comprehensive corporate compliance programs. Such programs should provide a framework that delineates responsibilities and provides a systematic means to resolve issues in a timely manner.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed1997

The federal government's use of Title VI and Medicare to racially integrate hospitals in the United States, 1963 through 1967.

Explicit discrimination against minorities existed in the 1960s in hospital patient admissions and physician and nurse staff appointments. With passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, along with Medicare legislation in 1965, civil rights advocates within the federal government had both a legislative mandate to guarantee equal access to programs funded by the federal government in Title VI and a federal program that affected every hospital in the country in Medicare. This study was conducted to determine the extent to which the Medicare hospital certification program was a major determinant in the racial integration of hospitals throughout the United States. In-depth interviews were conducted with individuals involved in hospital and health care policy in the 1950s and 1960s. Other primary resources include archival and personal manuscripts, government documents, newspapers, and periodicals.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed2006

The role played by a former federal government residential school in a First Nation community's alcohol abuse and impaired driving: results of a talking circle.

OBJECTIVES: The study's objective was to better understand alcohol abuse and impaired driving behaviors in a First Nations community as it reflects systemic issues linked to historical, family and community experiences. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifteen 18- to 29-year-old drivers participated in an exploratory eight-hour Talking Circle held according to traditional cultural practice. Four First Nations researchers, trained in Talking Circle protocol, and a Band Elder facilitated the data collection, data analysis according to emerging themes, and data verification. RESULTS: Federal government residential schools contribute to intergenerational effects which impact impaired driving in a northern First Nations community. Traditional parental role modeling has changed dramatically. Rather than guide children through a communally shared development process, many parents now expect their children to assume adult roles by expecting them to take care of their guardians when they drink excessive amounts of alcohol. Because a wall of silence exists between the young and old, many young people seek refuge with friends and peers, who subsequently influence them to abuse alcohol and engage in impaired driving. Many older Band members no longer serve as leaders for young people. Instead, they behave like peers and engage in activities that facilitate alcohol abuse and impaired driving. CONCLUSIONS: Historical institutions like federal government residential schools have contributed to systemic socio cultural problems which influence alcohol abuse and impaired driving. Hence there is a need for community-based intervention strategies that promote cultural healing. The healing journey can start with First Nations communities providing their people opportunities to share their stresses and traumas in supporting and nurturing environments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The federal government as venture capitalist: how does it fare?

The federal government's interest in promoting the development of HMOs is a unique experiment in venture capitalism. Under the beleaguered administration of the Office of Health Maintenance Organizations, the conflicting goals and procedures of government and private business have not been easily reconciled. Within a department (HHS) that tilts to regulatory approaches, OHMO has made some notable progress as an outpost of marketplace solutions to the problems of production, distribution, and financing of health care.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1992

The cost of burn care and the federal government's response in the 1990s.

This article attempts to predict the federal government's response to the cost of burn care in the 1990s by examining the explosive growth of health care costs in the 1980s and the impact that this had on hospitals with burn centers. The Prospective Payment System (PPS) was enacted in 1983, which limited the government's liability to hospitals by effectively capping the amount of federal dollars in the system. The inequities of the classification of burn patients by the PPS is discussed and a proposal for modification is outlined.

Burn Units↗
PubMed2000

[Acceptance or refusal of abortion for maternal reasons. Survey of 3021 employees of the Federal Government].

A survey was conducted among 3021 employees from the Mexican Federal Government regarding their acceptance or rejection of abortion in five different circumstances. Socioeconomic information was obtained from the interviewed and the result was that 23% totally rejected abortion, and 6% accepted abortion in any situation. Abortion was accepted by 61% in case of pregnancy threatens the mother's life; 63% in case a single woman has been raped; 41% if there are so many children and such situation implies economic problems for the family; 13% if the couple prefers to wait for an economic improvement; and 18% if the couple has decided to have no more than two kids. Also from the interviewed, 16% pointed out that abortion must be an exclusive decision from the woman and 29% thought it must be a shared decision with the partner. Abortion is better accepted by young people, by couples with few children or living in free union and by people with higher education level and higher income. It is also better accepted by people with no religion, or people who do not attend religious services or by whom religion does not affect their decisions in life.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acceptance or rejection of euthanasia. Survey of 3021 Federal Government employees].

A survey was conducted with 3021 employees of the Federal Government using self-administered questionnaires in order to collect data on the socioeconomic background of those surveyed (sex, age, civil status, number of children, religious, affiliation, educational level and monthly income), as well as their opinions about euthanasia. For the purposes of this study, three types of euthanasia were considered: 1) passive (the suspension of life support systems); 2) active (the application of immediate death causing means for people who suffer from incurable illnesses); and 3) active in the medium term (the application of substances which keep a patient sedated and comfortable while all food is withheld). Passive and medium-term active euthanasia were accepted by 40 percent of the population surveyed, while active euthanasia was accepted by 20 percent. These percentages were higher among young people, among those who were not heavily influenced by or did not practice religion, among professionals and among post-graduates.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The AIDS qualification program of the federal government--a orienting approach for improving the performance of the public health service].

The AIDS Control Programme of the Federal Government is the first national programme in the Federal Republic of Germany, trying to prevent the spread of a specific disease on a broader scale. The question is raised whether the present highly legally orientated Public Health services in the Federal Republic of Germany meet the real health needs of the population. The author also calls for a more policy-orientated Public Health care by the physicians in Public Health services.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Zero-base budgeting in the federal government: a case study.

The implementation of a zero-base budgeting system in Federal government agencies, instituted by President Carter in 1977, yielded quite different results, not only among the agencies but within specific departments as well. The experience of the Public Health Service with this budgeting process is documented and analyzed in this article. Though the individual PHS agencies generally felt that ZBB is a poor budgetary tool, the author's principal claims are that the technique was misused and that its application may well be inappropriate for the entire budget of a large political system. The result, according to Professor Herzlinger, was that those individuals who should have been the prime beneficiaries of the ZBB process were most disappointed by it.

Budgets↗