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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Predicting mothers' choice of infant feeding method.

There is relatively little published research concerning the relationship between mothers' attitudes towards methods of feeding infants and their choice of breast-feeding or bottle-feeding as methods of feeding their own babies. The present study used Fishbein & Ajzen's theory of reasoned action to analyse the impact of the attitudes, perceived norms and beliefs of 50 primiparous mothers on (i) their intentions to breast-feed or bottle-feed, assessed antenatally; and (ii) their self-reported use of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding during the first six weeks of the baby's life. The findings were generally consistent with the theory of reasoned action. Attitudes to the infant feeding methods accounted for a large and significant amount of variation in infant feeding behaviour. However, there were some aspects of the findings that were not entirely consistent with the theory. Attitudes to behaviour contributed significantly and independently to the prediction of behaviour, and beliefs about the consequences of behaviour explained a near-significant amount of variation in intentions, beyond that already accounted for by attitudes and normative beliefs. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The effects of milk feeding method and group size on feeding behavior and cross-sucking in group-housed dairy calves.

This study investigated the effect of teat feeding and group size on cross-sucking and competition for milk in dairy calves. Ninety-six Holstein-Friesian male and female calves were allocated to either pairs or groups of 6 and fed milk either from a bucket or via a teat. Calves fed via a teat spent more time ingesting the milk. They spent time sucking the empty teat after milk intake and they spent less time cross-sucking compared with calves fed from buckets. The results show that teat feeding reduces cross-sucking in groups of 6 calves. Calves in groups of 6 ingested the milk faster than calves housed in pairs, which suggests that the competition for milk was greater than in pairs. Teat-fed calves changed to another teat more often than bucket-fed calves changed to another bucket during milk intake. Thus, the use of teat feeding did not reduce the competition for milk as compared with bucket feeding and future studies should focus on improving teat-feeding methods so that they reduce competition for milk in group-housed calves.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An interdisciplinary project that changed practice in feeding methods after pyloromyotomy.

Postoperative feeding methods for infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) have remained unchanged for several decades. Conventional feeding methods include a prolonged NPO period immediately after pyloromyotomy, followed by a slow, incremental increase in volume and strength of feedings. Recently, some surgeons have ascribed to a more rapid or ad lib feeding advancement. Needing evidence before making changes to current practice, inpatient surgical nurses at Children's Hospital Boston collaborated with a general pediatric surgeon to conduct a 6-month retrospective study of 36 HPS patients comparing conventional regimen feeds to ad lib feeds by surgeon preference. The project resulted in a study published in the Journal of Pediatric Surgery and demonstrated for staff that the interval from the operating room to toleration of full feedings was less with the ad lib group as compared to the conventional regimen group. In addition, discharges occurred sooner without readmissions occurring in either group. The project resulted in a change in practice of feeding HPS patients postoperatively from the conventional regimen method to the ad lib method.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1981

Current maternal attitudes to infant feeding methods.

Mothers' feeding practices and their attitudes to breast and bottle feeding were investigated. Sixty-four per cent started to breast feed and 35% continued past 2 months, a continuation rate which is higher than previously reported. Also higher than previously reported was the proportion of working class women breast feeding. This may reflect a current trend. Most women decided on their infant feeding technique early in pregnancy, and 80% followed that decision. For those who changed their minds about feeding practice postnatally, and for those who were initially undecided, the hospital was influential. Analysis of women's pleasurable and less restricting than they had anticipated. The results are discussed in relation to attempts to encourage breast feeding.

Attitude↗
PubMed1999

Feeding strategies for premature infants: randomized trial of gastrointestinal priming and tube-feeding method.

BACKGROUND: Data on enteral feeding management of premature infants are limited and often not the subject of randomized clinical trials. Several small studies suggest benefits from the early initiation of feeding, but do not assess the combined effects of time of initiation of feeding, tube-feeding method, and type of milk used. Either singly or in combination, these treatments may affect growth, bone mineralization, biochemical measures of nutritional status, and feeding tolerance, and, ultimately, the duration of hospitalization. METHODS: A total of 171 premature infants, stratified by gestational age (26 to 30 weeks) and diet (human milk or preterm formula) were assigned randomly among four treatment combinations in a balanced two-way design comparing the presence or absence of gastrointestinal (GI) priming for 10 days and continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus tube-feeding. RESULTS: The major outcome, time required for infants to attain full oral feeding, was similar among treatments. GI priming was not associated with any measured adverse effect and was associated with better calcium and phosphorus retention, higher serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase activity, and shorter intestinal transit times. The bolus tube-feeding method was associated with significantly less feeding intolerance and greater rate of weight gain than the continuous method. In addition, the greater the quantity of human milk fed, the lower the morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Early GI priming with human milk, using the bolus tube-feeding method, may provide the best advantage for the premature infant.

Body Weight↗
PubMed2004

[The effects of feeding methods on deciduous caries.].

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between feeding methods and deciduous caries. METHODS: An investigation on children's feeding methods, caries prevalence and dmft was made, using 260 cases which were provided with whole primary teeth. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis on feeding methods and caries prevalence, and variance analysis was used on feeding methods and dmft. RESULTS: The results showed that the deciduous caries rate, mean dmft in breast feeding (BF) group were lower than those in mixed feeding (MF) group and artificial feeding (AF) group, there were significant differences between BF group and MF group,also between BF group and AF group. But there were no significant differences between MF group and AF group. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that proper breast feeding seems to be important for preventing deciduous caries.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Effect of the protein and oil contents on calcium utilization in the diets of female Fischer rats that were fed by three different feeding methods.

We studied the effects of varying the protein and oil contents in the diet and three different feeding methods on the utilization of dietary calcium (Ca) in female Fischer rats. The experimental diets were based on the AIN-76 diet. Rats were fed one of nine experimental diets containing different levels of protein and oil. The experimental diets contained 10, 20 or 40% of protein (milk casein) and 5, 10 or 20% of soybean oil. The three meal feeding methods were ad libitum feeding, pair feeding and adjustable feeding. The experimental diets that were given by prepared feeding were supplemented with a mineral and vitamin solution. The effects of the protein and oil contents in the diet were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Among rats that were fed ad libitum, the oil content in the diet affected the degree of mineral and vitamin intake. Among the rats fed ad libitum, the oil content in the diet had a significant effect on the level of Ca intake, although it did not have a significant effect on the level of energy intake. For pair feeding, the feeding volume was limited in each group; therefore, there was a significant difference in energy intake and there was no significant difference in Ca intake among each diet group. For adjustable feeding, there was considerable mineral and vitamin intake, which effected the reduction of feeding volume depending on the oil volume in the diet. There were no significant differences in the energy, Ca and other mineral and vitamin intakes among the nine groups that were fed using adjustable feeding. In analyzing two-way ANOVA, in which the parameters were the contents of protein and oil in the experimental diets, there were differences in Ca utilization among rats that were fed using the three feeding methods. This result was shown to reflect on the difference as energy, mineral including Ca, and vitamin intake. However, the protein content in the diet had a significant effect on urinary Ca excretion in all three feeding methods. In addition, it was clear that the intake of protein and oil affected kidney calcification in all three feeding methods. The AIN Experimental Diet Committee reported that kidney calcification was found among rats that were fed the AIN-76 diet and that one of the causes of kidney calcification was the Ca/P ratio in this diet. The protein and oil contents in the diets had significant effects on the degree of kidney calcification among rats that were fed by pair feeding or adjustable feeding. The results of this study suggest that the protein and oil contents in the diet play an important role in kidney calcification.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Effectiveness of two feeding methods in improving energy intake and growth of infants with cleft palate: a randomized study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare two feeding methods advocated for infants with cleft palate: (a) a squeezable plastic container with a narrow, long crosscut nipple (squeezable cleft palate nurser); and (b) a standard nipple with a crosscut (crosscut nipple). The effectiveness of a nutrition intervention protocol for these infants was also documented. DESIGN: Thirty-one infants (median age = 15 days) were randomized to one of two feeding methods (18 infants, squeezable cleft lip/palate nurser; 13 infants, crosscut nipple) within sex (21 boys, 10 girls) and palatal defect (22 cleft lip and palate, 9 isolated cleft palate) categories. The intervention included feeding technique instructions, nutrition counseling at each clinic visit, use of the same 20 kcal/oz standard formula for 12 months, and introduction of infant and soft table foods at 6 months. Four-day food records and growth data were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean energy and protein intakes at 3 and 6 months of age and growth measurements during the first 18 months of life were obtained. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: A repeated measures analysis of variance for intakes was performed with time as the repeated measure and feeding method as the covariable. Similar analyses were completed for growth measures with sex and feeding method as covariates. RESULTS: Mean energy intake at 3 and 6 months of age (P = .24) and growth measurements during the first 18 months of life (P values: weight gain [grams per day], .73; weight, .21; length, .07; head circumference, .18; triceps and subscapular skinfolds and mid-arm circumference, .47, .48, and .69, respectively) were not significantly different. Both feeding methods were effective in supporting normal growth. APPLICATIONS: With adequate instruction related to the use of either feeding technique and close nutrition follow-up early in infancy, a dietitian or other health care practitioner may advise the use of either feeding method. These data support the need for feeding and nutrition education and early nutrition intervention.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2001

Differences in transcutaneous bilirubin readings in Japanese term infants according to feeding method.

BACKGROUND: Controversy has existed for many years over whether infant feeding methods are related to serum bilirubin concentrations during the first few days of life. Differences in initial jaundice patterns according to the feeding method until 72 h after birth have not been elucidated hitherto. The difference may become clear in Japanese neonates because jaundice shows a much higher peak bilirubin concentration and a later peak in Japanese neonates than in Caucasian neonates. METHODS: In the present study, we investigated variations in the transcutaneous bilirubin reading (TcB) obtained within 72 h after birth among 177 breast-fed and 494 formula-fed healthy Japanese term neonates. RESULTS: There was no difference between TcB in formula-fed and breast-fed infants until the first 30 h, after which time the rate of increase in TcB was lower in formula-fed infants. Among breast-fed neonates, a good linear regression between time after birth and TcB was maintained. Similarly, weight losses in breast-fed infants at 24-48 h and 48-72 h after birth were greater than those in formula-fed infants. CONCLUSIONS: The jaundice pattern in Japanese neonates from 30 to 72 h after birth according to the feeding method was different from that in Caucasian neonates.

Asian People↗
PubMed2003

A comparison of two feeding methods in the alleviation of diarrhoea in older tube-fed patients: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the effect of two feeding methods on older tube-fed patients suffering from diarrhoea. DESIGN: randomised controlled study. SETTING: geriatric wards in a regional hospital. SUBJECTS: 105 patients over the age of 60 who developed diarrhoea while on intermittent bolus tube feeding. METHODS: subjects were randomised either to switch to continuous tube feeding or to continue with intermittent bolus tube feeding for 3 days, with some extended to 5 days. Incontinence pads were inspected 6 times per day by independent observers. Each motion was evaluated using a validated score according to its volume and consistency. Stools were sent for pathogen culture and Clostridium difficile cytotoxin assay. Those with positive assays were excluded from analysis. Gastric aspirations were performed at regular intervals and significant residual volumes recorded. RESULTS: 86 patients completed the study. Twelve patients (14%) were excluded due to positive CD stool assays. Seventy-four patients were entered into analysis. The median diarrhoea scores of the continuous infusion group and the intermittent bolus group were: day 0 (12 versus 10, P=0.18), day 3 (4 versus 6, P=0.23) and day 5 (5 versus 4, P=0.83) respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two groups. Two patients in the continuous infusion group (n=37) and 4 patients in the intermittent bolus group (n=37) had significant gastric residual volumes. The incidence did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: contrary to common belief and recommendation, we could not find a significant difference between the continuous feeding method and the intermittent feeding method in the alleviation of diarrhoea in tube-fed patients. We do not recommend routine switch to continuous pump feeding in the management of tube-fed patients suffering from diarrhoea.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Body image, maternal-fetal attachment, and choice of infant feeding method: a study in taiwan.

BACKGROUND: Many factors contribute to a pregnant woman's choice of infant feeding method, yet few studies have investigated which factors might be specific to pregnant women in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among factors of body image, maternal-fetal attachment, and the choices made by pregnant Taiwanese women about infant feeding method. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-five pregnant women were recruited during their third trimester at five hospitals in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Participants completed three questionnaires, including a demographic data form, an attitude to body image scale, and a modified maternal-fetal attachment scale. RESULTS: The results of stepwise logistic regression indicated that the best subset for predicting the criterion variable of breastfeeding intention included higher level of education, primiparity, and a higher level of maternal-fetal attachment. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal-fetal attachment, education, and parity are predictive of intended infant feeding method by pregnant women who choose breastfeeding, thereby adding to existing knowledge of the factors involved in feeding method choices of Taiwanese women. Further research should incorporate maternal-fetal attachment into a supportive model of breastfeeding.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Comparative study of three feeding methods for draught horses of the Swiss army].

Three feeding methods were compared in 36 4- to 6-year-old Franche-Montagne horses during the military school of St-Luzisteig (GR) of Spring 1992. The horses were separated into 3 groups: a group with the traditional oats-hay ration (OH), a group with a pelleted feed and hay ration (PFH), and a group with the complete diet (CD). Feed analyses were performed and food consumption, eating behavior and digestibility were studied. The horses received their daily amount of feed in 3 portions covering the requirements for a medium work: OH = 8 kg hay and 3 kg oats, PFH = 8 kg hay and 3 kg pelleted feed and CD = 10 kg of the complete diet. For the 3 rations, the amount of digestible crude protein for horses was higher than the reference value for the requirement of a 600 kg horse with a medium work. In the 3 diets, the calcium content was higher than the required 32 g per day (g/d). Not enough sodium (OH: 1.2 g/d; PFH: 7.3 g/d; CD: 9.6 g/d) and too much potassium (OH: 140.3 g/d; PFH 153.0 g/d; CD: 167.5 g/d) were present in the diets, both without consequences for the blood parameters. In 3 meals of 60 minutes, the horses of the group OH, PFH and CD ingested 82%, 89% and 92%, respectively, of the daily ration. The complete diet was ingested more quickly than the hay. The number of mastications per minute was smaller for the complete diet than for the hay. Ingestion times were similar for oats and pelleted feed. However, the number of mastications per minute was smaller for the pelleted feed. The digestibility of nutrients was not influenced by the method of feeding. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the 3 types of ration studied here are adequate for the swiss army horses if sodium is added to the diet. However, despite the fact that both PFH and CD correct excessive supply or deficiencies of nutrients and despite the fact that these two feeding methods offer nutrients in amounts that are closer to the requirements of the horse, the method PFH was introduced in 1994.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Does infant feeding method influence maternal postpartum weight loss?

We conducted a retrospective study of 411 women to determine whether a significant relationship existed between method of infant feeding (breast vs bottle) and postpartum weight loss at 6 weeks and 12 months. In addition to method of infant feeding, the variables parity, gravidity, mode of delivery, maternal age, maternal prepregnancy weight, infant sex, and payment status (whether receiving assistance from the Aid to Dependent Children [ADC] program) were studied in terms of their association with weight loss. In general, no consistent relationship was found between method of infant feeding and postpartum weight loss. However, in the ADC group at 6 weeks and in the non-ADC group at 12 months, nonlactating women had lost more weight than had their lactating counterparts, in spite of the theoretical energy deficiency of breast-feeding women. Women who gained more weight during pregnancy consistently lost more weight following delivery, regardless of their prepregnancy weight. These results indicate that infant feeding method was not related to differences in postpartum weight loss between lactating and nonlactating counterparts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Sludge and stone formation in the gallbladder in bedridden elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease: influence of feeding method.

PURPOSE: The incidence of gallbladder sludge or gallstone formation in bedridden patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) remains obscure. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, relationship to feeding method, and mechanisms of gallbladder sludge and gallstone formation in elderly patients with CVD. METHODS: Using ultrasonography, we determined the development of gallbladder sludge and gallstone over a 12-month period, the area of the gallbladder, the gallbladder contractile response to cerulein, and fasting levels of plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) in 40 bedridden elderly patients with CVD. The patients were divided into three groups based on the feeding method: oral ingestion (OI), nasogastric feeding (NF), and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). RESULTS: Gallbladder sludge and gallstone were not observed in any of the 14 OI patients, but occurred in 6 and 1 of the 11 NF patients, and in 14 and 3 of the 15 TPN patients, respectively. Fasting gallbladder areas were significantly larger in the TPN group than in the other two groups. The TPN group showed a marked decrease in cerulein-induced gallbladder contractility. Fasting plasma CCK levels were lower in the TPN group than in the OI group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that elderly patients with CVD confined to bed over long periods are not necessarily at risk of gallbladder sludge or gallstone formation, and the development of these features may be associated with the feeding method. The predisposition of CVD patients on TPN to gallbladder disease is probably caused by failure of gallbladder contraction, resulting from insufficient secretion of CCK and impaired sensitivity of the gallbladder to CCK.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Selection of infant feeding method: a population-based study in a rural area.

The selection of infant feeding method was studied in a rural area. At discharge from the hospital, 70 percent of women were breast feeding, with 47 percent still breast feeding at three months. The decision regarding feeding method was made early, with the majority of women deciding before the pregnancy. Multiparous women almost always used the method that was favored by their experience feeding previous children. For primiparous women, the husband and mother were the most important sources of information. Educational efforts designed to increase the use of breast feeding should reach future parents prior to pregnancy, and every effort should be made to ensure that the first experience with breast feeding is successful and rewarding.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Questionnaire evaluation of feeding methods for cleft lip and palate neonates.

A questionnaire evaluation was undertaken of feeding methods used by the mothers of 25 neonates with cleft lip and/or palate. Most parents had problems feeding their babies, both with the quantity of food taken and especially with the time taken to feed; even after a period of 2 months over a quarter were still having problems with the quantity of feed and a third had not established a regular feeding pattern. Just over a half needed to change the feeding method from the one with which they started. Twelve of the 25 mothers tried to breast-feed but none of them was successful. The Haberman feeder was the most popular, being used by 18 mothers. An acrylic feeding plate was considered to be helpful by 6 of 11 mothers of babies with complete clefts but by only 1 of 9 mothers of babies with secondary palate clefts. Almost all the mothers were dissatisfied with the information they had received while in hospital and with the back-up when they went home.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Feeding method and rehospitalization in newborns less than 1 month of age.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between feeding method and hospitalization in a group of newborns under 1 month of age. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review based on admission diagnoses. SETTING: Academic Medical Center and Tertiary Children's Hospital in the same northwest city. PATIENTS: 143 newborns divided into three groups based on feeding method at hospital admission: breastfed, bottle-fed, and breastfed with supplements. RESULTS: A nearly equal number of males and females who were just as likely to be first born as later born experienced a mean weight loss of 8.5% and were hospitalized an average of 4.4 days. The breast-fed and supplemented newborns were younger and experienced greater weight loss, and the majority had no positive findings with the diagnostic workups. They responded quickly to increased caloric intake. The bottle-fed newborns had a higher incidence of positive diagnostic results and a longer hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the observation that many healthy but hungry breastfed newborns are being hospitalized. Other than breast-feeding difficulties, most newborns had few problems beyond hyperbilirubinemia, which may be exacerbated by inadequate feeding. The monetary and psychological costs of unnecessary hospitalizations and the potential for early discontinuation of breastfeeding may be preventable.

Academic Medical Centers↗