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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Contraceptive female sterilization in Alabama: a replication of the WHO study.

The prevalence of female sterilization for contraceptive purposes has grown rapidly throughout the world, and is especially high in the United States. Yet the psychosocial impact of female sterilization is incompletely understood. Much of the previous research has been retrospective and has lacked comparison groups of women using other methods. Better designed, prospective studies have been needed, and the World Health Organization's Collaborative Prospective Study of Female Sterilization was conducted to address this need. No evidence was found in the WHO study of a significant impact of tubal ligation compared to other contraceptive methods on mental health, menstruation, or sexual satisfaction. The present study, a replication of the WHO study, compared 323 Alabama women undergoing elective contraceptive sterilization with 318 women using other techniques to control fertility. In general, the results supported the WHO study conclusions. Although sterilization produced a small increase in menstrual distress in Alabama, there were no significant differences between sterilization and comparison women in mental health or sexual satisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Female contraception by a normal dose progestogen after 40 years of age. Possible association of nomegestrol--17-beta-estradiol acetate by percutaneous route].

Although fertility declines with age, the use of an effective contraceptive remains necessary in women over 40. Endocrine disorders, which are common in this age group, may also often require control. Conventional estroprogestogens, even those of the latest generation, cannot be used in women with a high cardiovascular risk, since age cannot be totally excluded as a possible risk factor. The contraceptive use of derivatives of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 19-norprogesterone offer a promising alternative, despite the absence of any exhaustive investigation particularly in situations in which the blood level of estradiol has to be reduced. There are, however, some women who respond to this type of contraception by menstrual cycle irregularities, and sometimes by low blood levels of estradiol, regardless of the drug used. A preliminary study is described in which 5 mg of nomegestrol acetate was combined with 17-beta-estradiol by transcutaneous route and which has so-far demonstrated sustained contraceptive efficacy as well as excellent clinical and metabolic safety.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1992

Awareness and practice of contraception among female students at the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu.

A study of the knowledge, attitudes to and practice of contraception among the female students at the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu, was carried out, involving 266 female students out of a total female student population of 1,510. The mean age of the population sample was 19.1 years and 254 (95%) were single. Ninety-six percent were aware of the availability of contraceptives. Knowledge relating to the practice of contraception was superficial since as many as 61% of the objectors believed that contraception subsequently led to infertility. One hundred and thirty (49%) of the studied population had used one form of contraception or another sometime in their lives. Seventy-six percent had not used any contraception for initial intercourse. The rhythm method followed by the barrier method were the most popular forms of contraception. Practice of contraception by the studied population was inconsistent as 21% of the students eventually had an unwanted pregnancy and 18% had an induced abortion. Health education is strongly recommended to our women folk in order to reduce the high incidence of unwanted pregnancy and its associated medical and social complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Post-partum contraception (author's transl)].

The authors have come to the conclusion that the ideal time to start female contraception is when the periods return following delivery. They arrived at this conclusion after studying the disadvantages of the various methods of hormone contraception and of mechanical female contraception immediately following delivery. Directly after delivery contraception should be in the hands of the man and not the woman. If better information is given to the couple during pregnancy and in the postnatal period it should direct them towards such formations of contraception. The problem, however, of grand multipara who are feckless, ignorant and of low social class, still remains. Medroxyprogesterone, if it is used at all immediately after delivery, should be given in a dose of 150 mg. As far as tubal ligation by mini-laparotomy after delivery goes this is permanent contraception and its indications should be considered with very great care.

Contraception↗
PubMed1991

Effects of low-dose oral contraceptives on female whole saliva.

The composition and flow rate of paraffin-stimulated whole saliva were analysed in 22 women, of whom 11 used oral contraceptives and 11 did not. Ten men served as the controls. The salivary samples were collected during one month (oral contraceptive users and men), or during one menstrual cycle (non-users). The saliva analyses included flow rate, pH, buffer effect, sialic acid, thiocyanate, peroxidase, lysozyme, amylase, immunoglobulins A, G and M, total protein, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, yeasts and total numbers of aerobic bacteria. The salivary buffer effect of oral contraceptive users was significantly (p less than 0.005) higher than that of non-users. All the other constituents showed intra- and interindividual variation in all groups, but with no apparent hormone-dependency.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Training physicians of developing nations in female surgical contraception.

The majority of developing nations in the Third World (including Thailand) face similar medicosocioeconomic situations arising from uncontrolled population growth which outstrips developmental planning. One of the most effective medical means of combating these problems is surgical contraception. This study describes how the Ramathibodi National Training Program was developed and implemented in Thailand to increase the availability of sterilization services by training local physicians to perform the necessary operations. The success of this program is measured by the increase in the number of service delivery stations (182) and in the number of sterilization procedures performed (24 436 in a 32-month period).

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1975

[Psychological resistances of women to the principal female methods of contraception. Clinical classification].

According to the literature and to the experience of the authors gathered at the family department at the Louvain Faculty of Medicine, these psychological resistances may schematically be classified as follows: normative and socio-cultural resistances; medical resistances (wish of pregnancy, personality traits, narcissm, sexual and technical resistances); psychopathological resistances (unspecific neurotic behavior, phobias, hypochondriasis, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, character neurosis); secondary resistances.

Attitude↗
PubMed1992

Total blood cholesterol and contributory risk factors in an adolescent population.

Total blood cholesterol (TBC) levels and contributory risk factors in an adolescent population were investigated. Existing TBC screening records were reviewed on 452 10th grade students in two schools. The sample consisted of 52% males and 48% females whose mean age was 15.47 years. Blood samples were analyzed by the Reflotron. Risk factors investigated included age, gender, ethnicity, individual and family history of high cholesterol, history of high blood pressure, smoking tobacco products, and oral contraceptive use. The sample mean for TBC was 150.61. The only significant factors identified by ANOVA were gender and use of oral contraceptives. Females had higher TBC levels than males, and females who used oral contraceptives had higher TBC levels than nonusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Coital and contraceptive behavior of female adolescents.

Structural interviews conducted with 532 female clients of a teen contraceptive clinic revealed a moderate level of coital activity i(in terms of both frequency of intercourse and number of partners) which typically began at age 15. Prior use of contraception was sporadic and almost exclusively confined to nonprescription methods. Primary reasons for nonuse of birth control included fear of lessening the pleasure of intercourse and lack of access to contraception. The data indicate that a combination of comprehensive sex education and ready access to birth control is necessary to prevent unintended adolescent pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Predicting contraceptive method usage among women in west Scotland.

Users of the six major methods of contraception are compared across a broad range of variables using data from a community sample. Differences between the groups were apparent for a range of socioeconomic and reproductive variables, and current users of the various methods also differed in their past use of contraception. Users of barrier methods fared particularly well. Few differences were observed for current health status or for the sociocultural variables examined, although users of natural methods differed from all others in their religious affiliation and commitment. Discriminant analysis showed that the most predictive variables distinguishing women who had opted for permanent methods of contraception (female sterilization and vasectomy) were the woman's stated reason for using her current method and her past contraceptive patterns; the inclusion of social, health and reproductive indicators did little to improve the prediction. It is argued that heightened expectations for contraceptive efficacy in the face of increasing concerns about long-term health consequences have contributed to the increased use of permanent methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

New female intravaginal barrier contraceptive device. Preliminary clinical trial.

The Fem Cap, a silicone rubber cervical cap, is shaped like a sailor's hat. While its dome covers the cervix, its rim fits snugly into the vaginal fornices, and its brim adheres and conforms to the vaginal walls. A spermicidal material is applied to the cap, then it is positioned over the cervix by hand or with a special applicator. The device is removed by hand up to 48 hours after insertion, but no sooner than eight hours after intercourse. Women chosen for the trial had contraindications to or were dissatisfied with the currently available contraceptive methods. Each woman was fitted with a cap of suitable size and instructed in its use. She was then asked to note any side effects and the dates of her menses in a diary. One-hundred-twenty-one women were enrolled in the study. Five became pregnant. Of those, two reported dislodgment of the cap during intercourse; the other three admitted to non-use of the cap on several occasions. This device has proven so far to be safe, effective and acceptable to women and men. It has several advantages over the currently available barrier contraceptive devices. The silicone rubber material from which it is made is non-allergenic, durable and easy to clean. Its design fits the anatomy and accommodates physiological changes. The Fem Cap is easy to insert and remove; an applicator facilitates insertion for some women. Instruction for use of the device requires short time from the health care provider.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Contraceptive management for female adolescents with mental retardation and handicapping disabilities.

Adolescent girls with mental retardation and handicapping disabilities have a need for sexual counseling and contraceptive management. Societal attitudes have changed, allowing these patients to experience normal and satisfying sexuality. The reproductive health concerns of these patients are extensive. Contraceptive selection varies with regard to the mental and physical capabilities of individual patients. The use of barrier methods, intrauterine devices, oral contraceptives, intramuscular medroxyprogesterone acetate, and sterilization has been discussed thoroughly in the past. No formal studies have been performed to evaluate the use of subdermal levonorgestrel implants in patients with mental retardation and physical disabilities.

Adolescent↗