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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

In vitro fertilization, culture, and transfer of rabbit ova.

Ovulated rabbit oocytes were fertilized in vitro in chemically defined media supplemented with bovine serum albumin and either cultured up to the expanding blastocyst stage or transferred to recipients after varying periods of culture. Embryos transferred after up to 72 hours of in vitro culture were born as viable young. Oocytes from young virgin does were superior to oocytes from nonvirgin does for the purpose of in vitro fertilization (54% versus 26% fertilized, P less than 0.01). Capacitated sperm from artificially inseminated capacitators resulted in fertilization rates slightly lower than those from naturally mated does (46% versus 57% fertilized, P less than 0.025). Removal of cumulus and corona cells from oocytes with hyaluronidase and repeated aspiration through a fine pipette resulted in lowered fertilization rates (51% versus 73%, P less than 0.025). Linbro Disposo Tray wells were as good as glass tissue-culture dishes for the in vitro mixing of gametes and were more convenient to use. Modified Ham's F10 medium was used to culture the in vitro-fertilized embryos. However, when a modified Brackett's medium was used instead of modified Ham's F10 for the initial 4-hour period after mixing gametes, more oocytes were fertilized (52% versus 28%, P less than 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

How does one assess the risk of abnormalities from human in vitro fertilization?

The procedure of in vitro fertilization, including ova collection and embryo culture and transfer, raises concern about the risk of abnormalities arising from the technique. In vitro versus in vivo comparison might be made in the study of preimplantation embryos and spontaneous abortions, the results of amniocentesis, and the findings among fetal deaths and live births. In vivo, 40% to 50% of implantation blastocysts are estimated to have a chromosomal abnormality, over 99% of which are estimated to be eliminated during the course of pregnancy. In principle, the use of early spontaneous abortions can be more efficient than amniocentesis for detecting an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities at birth. Unless in vitro fertilization in humans strongly contradicts the experience in domestic animal reproduction, which suggests no increased risk of abnormalities at birth, a large number of births would be required to provide a definitive assessment of risk.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1976

In vitro fertilization of mouse and hamster eggs after freezing and thawing.

Mouse eggs (12-14%) and hamster eggs (87-94%) appear normal upon thawing after having been stored for 30 min to 25 h at -70 degrees C and -196 degrees C. While 89-98% of the normal appearing hamster eggs are capable of fertilization in vitro, only 4-13% of the mouse eggs can be fertilized. The ability of fertilized eggs to develop in culture and their viability upon transfer to pseudopregnant recipients is under investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

In vitro fertilization: a moratorium is in order.

A moratorium on in vitro fertilization would serve the society. The IVF issue is fraught with moral and legal problems surrounding the subject of IVF experimentation--the embryo--and the effect of this experimentation of individuals, families, and society.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2026

L-glutamine supplementation improves porcine sperm quality and early embryo development during in vitro fertilization.

L-glutamine (Gln), as a key additive in porcine sperm capacitation medium and in vitro fertilization (IVF) systems, has been shown to significantly improve sperm motility and survival rates. However, its precise roles during porcine IVF and subsequent early embryonic development remain elusive. This study utilized an IVF model in pigs to investigate the effects of glutamine on sperm quality and embryonic development. We found that Gln supplementation during sperm treatment significantly improved sperm quality, as evidenced by reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and early apoptosis, while enhancing calcium ion levels and endoplasmic reticulum activity. Supplementing glutamine during embryo culture reduced polyspermy rates, promoted zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and accumulation of 5-ethynyluridine (EU) and histone modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) at the two-cell and four-cell stages, increased blastocyst formation rates and total cell numbers, while simultaneously reducing DNA damage and early apoptosis during the blastocyst stage. In summary, these findings demonstrate that Gln enhances porcine IVF outcomes by improving sperm quality, reducing polyspermy, and facilitating early embryonic development, thereby providing a basis for optimizing culture systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The "brave new baby" and the law: fashioning remedies for the victims of in vitro fertilization.

The birth of the world's first "test-tube baby", a child conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF), raises serious medical, ethical, and legal problems. This Note explores the present controversy over the use of IVF and advocates federal regulation of the technique. Furthermore, this Note argues that, in order to deter unduly hazardous use of IVF and to compensate its victims, an experimenter should be subject to civil liability for either negligent, or willful and nonconsensual, destruction of an IVF conceptus, and held strictly liable when an IVF child is born with severe defects that are attributable to the use of the technique.

Compensation and Redress↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition of in-vitro fertilization of intact and denuded hamster eggs by univalent anti-sperm antibodies.

Univalent (Fab) rabbit anti-hamster sperm antibodies added to an in-vitro fertilization system did not interfere with the sperm acrosome reaction or motility, but inhibited cumulus dispersion by the spermatozoa, sperm binding to and passage through the zona pellucida as well as sperm-egg fusion. Addition of the Fab preparations to the capacitated spermatozoa at various times before or up to 40-45 min after the sperm-egg mixing prevented penetration of spermatozoa through the zona pellucida. Detachment of the spermatozoa already bound as well as those partly inside the zona pellucida was achieved by a late addition of antibodies. In experiments with zona-free hamster eggs, addition of the Fab antibodies to the spermatozoa 10 min to 5 h before the introduction of unfertilized eggs reduced the rate of adhesion and fertilization to very low levels. These antibodies were not absorbed on hamster ovary, liver or kidney and had no direct effect on the fertilizability of zona-intact or zona-free eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

In vitro fertilization of hamster eggs by ejaculated or epididymal spermatozoa in the presence of male accessory secretions.

In vitro fertilization of hamster eggs by ejaculated or epididymal spermatozoa in the presence of seminal plasma or male accessory gland secretions was examined. There was no difference in the penetration rates, the time of sperm penetration and the optimal sperm concentration between ejaculated and epididymal spermatozoa. The swelling of the zona pellucida, a high incidence of polyspermy, distortion of the vitellus and the degeneration of eggs were observed after incubation of ejaculated or epididymal spermatozoa in the presence of seminal plasma or accessory gland secretions. Using ejaculated spermatozoa, the fertilization rates of eggs with or without follicular cells were similar but fertilization by epididymal spermatozoa was inhibited by secretion of the seminal vesicle or ventral prostrate gland but not by that of the coagulating gland or the dorsal prostrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prevention of in vitro fertilization of canine oocytes by anti-ovary antisera: a potential approach to fertility control in the bitch.

Antisera raised against canine ovaries were found to induce light scattering of the surface of the egg zona pellucida even when diluted 10,000 times, and to delay digestion of the zona by pronase. High concentrations of antiserum were required, however, to inhibit in vitro fertilization of the oocytes. Absorption of the antisera with canine ovaries removed these effects, whereas absorption with liver, uterus and serum did not. These results demonstrate the antigenicity of the canine ovary and suggest the plausibility of an anti-zona pellucida vaccine for bith control in the bitch.

Animals↗