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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Malignant melanoma arising in a radiotherapy field: report of two cases and review of the literature.

We report 2 patients who developed melanoma or melanoma metastases in radiation fields 6 and 43 years after radiation therapy, respectively. One of the patients had received adjuvant hyperfractionated photon therapy for Ewing sarcoma, while the other patient had received X-ray therapy for a hemangioma. While postradiation secondary cancers with a long latency period are not uncommon, the development of melanoma is exceedingly rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Allocation of research funds in the drug and alcohol field: report of the Consensus Workshop.

Issues concerning the allocation of research funds in the drug and alcohol field have been widely debated. A consensus workshop involving senior researchers and policy makers was convened to examine the appropriateness of current drug and alcohol research activities in Australia. The workshop identified several major barriers restricting research developments including lack of monitoring of research efforts, limited community support, inappropriate allocations of research funds which contributed to a low level of intervention studies, the lack of application of research findings by practitioners and ethical constraints in studies involving Aboriginal populations and in multi-centre trials. Agreement was reached on 16 recommendations which could increase the amount of high quality research in Australia directed at reducing the harm associated with alcohol, tobacco and other drug use. Strategies which funding bodies could use to encourage intervention studies were identified. A proposal for the Australian Medical and Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs to establish a Researchers' Group to encourage implementation of the recommendations was also endorsed by workshop participants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Exposure guidelines for low-frequency electric and magnetic fields: report from the Brussels workshop.

The EMF Exposure Guidelines Science Workshop was held to evaluate the information base for guidelines for electric and magnetic field exposures at extremely low frequencies, to identify research needs, and to discuss how best to apply scientific knowledge in developing exposure recommendations. Although the existing guideline values are based on electrostimulation of nerve and muscle tissues, guidelines must also consider controversial studies of potential health effects from chronic exposures at environmental levels that are far too weak to cause electrostimulation. The size of the safety factor applied in specifying exposure limits reflects a variety of factors that introduce uncertainties. These include confidence in existing dose-effect relationships, population diversity, the reliability and precision of techniques to control over-exposure, and completeness of the information base, particularly regarding long-term effects. Specific research questions that can change the level of uncertainty meaningfully were identified in these areas: biophysical mechanisms of electrostimulation; the range of thresholds throughout exposed populations; cancer causation in children and adults, including a possible role for contact currents; cognitive, behavioral, and physiological effects on the central nervous system; improved dosimetry; and better understanding of electromagnetic interference with implanted biomedical devices such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and physiological monitors. This report introduces ten papers from the workshop that address these and related topics in detail.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

[Protection against electromagnetic fields reports effects exerted on the environment].

This paper presents basic information about reports on the effects exterted on the environment. These reports are elaborated to meet the needs of administrative procedures concerning the evaluation of effects exerted on the environment and provide the basis on which decisions are made whether environmental determinants allow for issuing permission for taking up a given enterprise. The author discusses only a small part of a wider problem of the report formulation. Such issues as waste management, protection against noise, conservation of historical monuments and Natura 2000 areas are not raised.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMed2000

Psychometric testing of a health survey for field reporting of decompression outcome.

A short, multi-item, self-administered diver health survey for measuring decompression illness (DCI)-related health status following diving was developed and tested. Seventy-six diver health surveys with subsequent diagnosis by hyperbaric specialists for DCI (yes, uncertain, no) were used for validity and reliability testing. Field testing in 21 occupational divers was used to evaluate test-retest reliability (n = 30) and typical diver health scores (n = 100). There was a significant correlation (Pearson's r = 0.50, P = 0.00001) between diver health scores and diagnosis for DCI. Cronbach's reliability coefficient was alpha = 0.73 and split half reliability was r(full) = 0.82. Test-retest reliability revised for dispersion was r(revised = 0.62. In working divers, a diver health score of six or greater indicated probable DCI with good specificity and sensitivity. The diver health survey provides a valid and reliable interval measure of DCI-related health status. For calibrating decompression models against diving outcome, an interval health score increases model degrees of freedom and may reduce response bias compared to a binary classification (yes/no DCI).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Swiss Atherothrombosis Survey: a field report on the occurrence of symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the Ankle/Brachial Pressure Index (ABI) for its suitability in daily practice to identify patients at atherothrombotic risk. To collect data on the prevalence of atherothrombotic events [coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA)], of 'hidden' (asymptomatic) versus 'known' (symptomatic) peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and treatment in the general practice population. DESIGN: Field survey from everyday Swiss practice. On five consecutive workdays, 276 doctors documented all patients, recording gender, age, history of atherothrombotic events, risk factors and family history. In the case of a previous stroke/TIA and/or CAD, or two or more risk factors were present at age >55, the ABI was determined. A total of 25,351 patients were included and 3921 ABI measurements were performed in eligible patients. SETTING: Practices of primary care doctors. PARTICIPANTS: All patients who visited one of the 276 participating doctors on one of five consecutive workdays were included in the survey. INTERVENTION: Data recording and measurement of the ABI on those patients who qualified. RESULTS: Of the patients 3.7% had symptomatic PAD. An additional 2.7% of hitherto asymptomatic patients were identified as being at high atherothrombotic risk by having an ABI value <0.9. Exactly 93.9% of the participating doctors considered the ABI measurement easy to incorporate into the diagnostic routine of patients presenting with risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The ABI measurement is an easy-to-use, noninvasive and reliable means to identify patients at risk of atherothrombotic events. Identification of asymptomatic PAD leads to intensified targeted prophylactic atherothrombotic treatment that can reduce morbidity and mortality.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The European Proteomics Association (EuPA) is in the field. Report of the formal inauguration of the European Proteome Association (Munich, Germany, August 29, 2005).

After one year of preparation the European Proteomics Association (EuPA) was formally inaugurated on August 29, 2005, on the occasion of the 4(th) HUPO World Congress in Munich, Germany. Delegates from 16 European countries elected Dr. Friedrich Lottspeich, President of the German Proteome Society, as the first EuPA President. The EuPA Board also comprises Professor Mathias Uhlen as Vice President, along with Professor Michael Dunn (Ireland), Professor Concha Gil (Spain), Dr. Jean Charles Sanchez (Switzerland) and Professor Pier Giorgio Righetti (Italy) as Coordinators for the presently defined focus activities of the EuPA. The general objectives of the EuPA are to promote proteomic activities throughout Europe, emphasising the benefits and contribution of proteomics to biological researchers, industry, the general public and politicians.

Europe↗
PubMed2006

["Ear camp" for children in Namibia. A field report].

BACKGROUND: Ear surgery is urgently needed in northern Namibia as many children cannot even be provided with hearing aids due to chronically discharging ears, not to forget possible complications of untreated cholesteatoma. METHODS: During the two "ear camps" in 2003 and 2004, 61 children (median age 12 years) and one adult were operated, mainly for (sub)total defects of the tympanic membrane (81 tympanoplasties). PATIENTS AND RESULTS: We performed tympanoplasty type I in 33 cases and type III in 48 cases, mostly using autogenous ossicles and titanium prostheses. In 39 cases, an antrotomy or mastoidectomy was also performed, while in six cases an open cavity had to be created because of a cholesteatoma. The tympanic membrane was reconstructed using tragal cartilage with overlapping perichondrium in an "underlay-technique". The closure rate after 6 months was about 80%, the average improvement in air conduction thresholds in the frequencies between 250 and 4,000 Hz was 13 dB. CONCLUSIONS: An "ear camp" can only be realised with the financial and material help of companies and private supporters. Therapy must be adapted to the limited local possibilities. The use of tragal cartilage with overlapping perichondrium is a safe technique for the reconstruction of a stable tympanic membrane. We have started to instruct local doctors in pre- and postoperative care in ear surgery in order to develop local competence. This will be continued in the next "ear camp".

Child↗
PubMed2005

Perceptions of tuberculosis patients about their physical, mental and social well-being: a field report from south India.

Tuberculosis (TB) often leaves its impact physically, socially and mentally on patients. The goal of current tuberculosis services is microbiological cure of tuberculosis. Understanding patients' perceptions about TB will enable better design of a client-oriented comprehensive programme for tuberculosis. We interviewed patients registered for treatment during July-December 2000 in government health facilities of two tuberculosis units of south India. Data on perceptions of their illness before the onset of illness and during the treatment period were collected, using a modified SF36 questionnaire. Health status was measured for the following: physical functioning, social role limitations due to physical and emotional problems (stigma), mental health, energy vitality, pain and general health perceptions. Of 980 patients registered, 610 (206 females) cured or treatment completed patients were interviewed at two time points. The reaction of patients to the disclosure of the diagnosis was worry (50%) and suicidal thoughts (9%). 'Good health status' was perceived initially in less than 7% of patients, and compared to the status at the onset of illness, there was significant improvement after treatment (more than 78% trend chi square p<0.05). Despite microbiological cure, 47% of patients continued to have respiratory symptoms; this was significantly higher among patients who had delayed taking action for more than 3 months. Only 54% of patients perceived 'happy mental status' at the end of treatment, and there was no change in social stigma in both men and women. Tuberculosis control programmes should address issues such as continued respiratory symptoms, persistence of stigma, and poor emotional quality of life of patients with tuberculosis, even after they are cured. As well, providing social support for the needy, timely counseling and health education of patients, which will alleviate mental and social sufferings of patients, should be considered.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Rapidly responding to injecting drug use and HIV in Brazil: a field-report from São Vicente, São Paulo State.

As part of Phase II of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Injecting Drug Use Multi-City Study, Rapid Assessment and Response (RAR) methodology was used in São Vicente City (São Paulo State, Brazil) to analyse the situation regarding injecting drug use and HIV infection. Over a period of 8 weeks, analysis of existing information, focus groups (four) and depth interviews (45) were conducted, with qualitative data analysis taking a further 12 weeks. This work was undertaken by a team of six researchers (working mostly part-time on the project), and the research process was overseen by an Advisory Community Group. Key topics addressed included: the general drug use situation; HIV/AIDS and drugs; and harm reduction. Through the use of qualitative analysis it was found that there was: a negative moral status associated with drug use and drug users; prejudices against this group; and a lack of information about health services and HIV prevention programmes within São Vicente city. In regard to risk behavior, injecting drug users reported awareness of risks and methods of prevention. However, safer sex was considered difficult by all participants. Interventions were proposed by the research team to minimize problems and gaps in provision, and some of these have already occurred. A review of existing quantitative data found that some key institutions do not collect systematic data on drug use. Conclusions of the study include the need for interventions and the progress on Harm Reduction proposals and AIDS prevention among IDUs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Injecting drug use in Romania: a field-report based on an initial assessment.

There are indications of increased injecting drug use in Romania associated with the increased cross-border traffic of heroin. At the same time, there are indications of HIV transmission associated with drug injecting in countries close-by or neighbouring Romania. In the absence of data on patterns of injecting drug use, we undertook a preliminary assessment in four major Romanian cities (Bucharest, Iasi, Constanta and Timisoara) to describe the extent and nature of drug injecting and its associated adverse health consequences. The assessment is the first of its kind on injecting drug use in Romania. We found that little information exists on injecting drug use. In addition, we found recruiting IDUs into the assessment difficult. We note that future assessments need to find ways of recruiting IDUs directly in the community. We also note the need for future assessments to concentrate in greater detail on the potential for intervention developments in prevention, health promotion, treatment and policy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Hatchery problems--a field report.

A long term investigational, advisory and monitoring exercise with a major hatchery emphasised the multi-disciplinary approach adopted by the Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (ADAS) to raise the performance of the many aspects of chick production. These included an investigation of egg handling techniques from nest box to hatcher; the adoption by the hatchery of plastic setter trays; an improvement to incubator environment; an improvement in the overall hatchery hygiene programme and the introduction of a regular monitoring programme based on the examination of hatchery fluff. Collectively these improvements led to an improvement of approximately 10 per cent in hatchability over a two year period.

Animals↗