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Results for “Filiation”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1990

Filiation and secrecy in artificial insemination with donor.

Artificial insemination with donor (AID) forces the gynaecologist to face the problem of filiation with his patients. Here, the authors point out the pathogenic effect, both on the parents and the child, which may result from rigidly kept secret about 'AID filiation', and they discuss some conditions which could help to avoid this pathogenic effect, possibly allowing a non-traumatic revelation of his/her filiation to the child, in the future.

Confidentiality↗

PubMed1994

Filiation is assisted reproduction: potential conflicts and legal implications.

Filiation, or a person's parentage, is one of the major components of someone's identity, often with important implications for that person's welfare in social and personal terms. Fertility specialists are enjoined to consider the welfare of the child, and this is a legal requirement in assisted reproduction techniques in the UK. This paper is in three parts, discussing some of the potential problems regarding filiation of the prospective child born of assisted reproduction techniques, in relation to the use of gametes and embryos. The first two parts concentrate on the status of children born as a result of treatment given posthumously, and on filiation problems associated with donation of gametes or embryos, and surrogacy. The third part compares British and French legislation with special regard to the welfare of the child, as well as underlining the common trends and principles enunciated in both legislations. This is particularly appropriate at a time when the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology is about to issue ethical guidelines in assisted reproduction, and when both the Council of Europe and the European Commission have commissioned studies on the implications of the assisted techniques, including those concerning status of the potential children.

Child Welfare↗

PubMed2001

Beyond conception: legal determinations of filiation in the context of assisted reproductive technologies.

This article argues that legal determinations of filiation are normative ideological constructions about how societal relations between parents and children should be ordered. They are based upon regular understandings of the relationship between biological and social facts and, as this article demonstrates, operate to create an asymmetrical relationship between the categories between paternity and maternity. I suggest that fairly recent developments in reproductive and genetic filiation have been made and offer the potential for an expanded understanding of relatedness or kinship which does not take the two-parent--one of each sex--model of the family as its normative form. While the examples I draw on arise in the context of reproductive technologies, I suggest that the analysis has broader implications for the recognition of broader family forms and relationship.

Adoption↗

PubMed1982

Calculation of percentage of cases on file with an unnamed father in 100 one-man and 100 two-man cases (filiation cases) from South-West Germany in 1976-1981. Ratio of defendants to witnesses among non-excluded men in two-man cases.

Applying the formula of Schulte-Mönting and Hummel to 100 one-man affairs (filiation cases) in South-West Germany between 1979 and 1981 gave a realistic prior probability of paternity of 0.837 +/- 0.0372. This means that in approximately 83.7% of all one-man affairs the man named by the mother to be the father of her child is indeed the father. For two-man affairs a realistic prior probability of paternity of 0.863 +/- 0.0369 was calculated on the basis of 100 two-man affairs in South-West Germany between 1976 and 1981. In other words, there is a probability of about 86.3% that a non-excludable man--irrespective of other factors--in a two-man affair is the real father of the child. In approximately 13.7% of two-man affairs neither the "defendant" nor the witness is the father, but a third unknown person. In about 85.7% of the two-man affairs in which a father of the child was named the "defendant" is in fact the father and in 14.3% the "witness" is the father.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗

PubMed1989

Mycolic acid metabolic filiation and location in Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium phlei.

Synchronous cultures of Mycobacterium aurum were used to prove a close relationship between cellular division and active synthesis of mycolic acids (characteristic long-chain 3-hydroxyacids, branched at position 2), confirming previous proposals. Mycolic acid biosynthesis was studied in two species (Mycobacterium phlei and M. aurum) each producing three types of mycolic acids: di-unsatured mycolates, oxomycolates and wax-ester mycolates (ester of dicarboxymycolic acid and 2-icosanol or 2-octadecanol). It was shown that unsaturated mycolates and oxomycolic acids were not directly related, whereas a metabolic filiation was confirmed between oxomycolate and wax ester mycolate: the latter derived from the former by a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation step, as has been proposed on the basis of structural considerations. By observing the labelling of the different mycolate pools in the cell, i.e. the organic-solvent-extractable fraction (essentially containing esters of trehalose and of glycerol) and the cell residue (assumed to be the cell-wall polymers), it was clear that oxomycolates and unsaturated mycolates appeared first in the extractable lipids, then in the wall-linked mycolates while wax-ester mycolates appeared first as wall-linked derivatives. Thus, it is proposed that mycolates could follow separate routes involving differently located enzymes to reach their complex forms either in extractable lipids or in the wall-linked arabino-galactan.

Acetates↗

PubMed2000

[Filiation in assisted reproduction with donor gametes].

Donor-assisted reproduction entails a definitive separation between biological and social filiation. In ovocyte donation, the dissociation remains partial, only genetic, because the pregnancy maintains a biological bond. On the contrary, in sperm donation, the break-off is complete. Should the circumstances of his/her conception be revealed to the child? Despite a long practice of artificial insemination by donor (AID) the issue is still a matter of controversy. The majority of couples undergoing AID prefer maintaining the secret. But this attitude goes against the right of the child to be aware of his/her origin

Confidentiality↗

PubMed1993

[Historicity and the epistemological condition of psychoanalysis: filiation and orthopraxis].

The very particular epistemological condition of psychoanalysis (that of a "psychology" closely tied to "metapsychology") is well evidenced in the genesis and historical development of this "new science"; so intrinsically tied to Freud's personality that it requires a personal and guaranteed transmission: a "filiation". Indeed, from this epistemological situation, as well as from the clinical character of psychoanalytical interpretation, was been the deontological necessity for a societal institution that attests to the orthodoxy of psychoanalytical praxis: an "ortho-praxis". This yields a body of problems specific to the scientific historiography of psychoanalysis, to the extent that the diversity of heuristic conditions of historians, whether psychoanalysts or non-psychoanalysts, although effective, does not always ensure a privilege or natural advantage. The epistemological analysis of such a body of problems--starting from the notions of "chronicle" and "history" in general--lead, nonetheless, to the exclusion of relativism and historiographic solipsism.

Historiography↗

PubMed1978

[Apropos of a paranoid filiation delirium: the "intelligence" complex of dementia and psychiatry with associated absence of critical "control"].

Based on a clinical observation of a paranoid filiation delirium, the authors raise the fundamental question of the nature of psychotic structure itself. They suggest an interpretation of the structure of the psychosis as an attempt to rationalize and give shape to an inarticulate discourse. This work as a whole should be looked upon in the perspective of a new approach to the psychiatric occurrence through what might be called a relativist epistemology.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatitis B virus and primary liver carcinoma: evidences for a filiation hepatitis B, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer].

Many arguments have been developed for a filiation hepatitis B, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer (PLC). The hypothesis in favour of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) as an indirect agent of PLC was supported by epidemiological and anatomo-clinical data. The study of the serological markers of HBV has been performed in groups of Senegalese patients who were suffering from hepatitis B, cirrhosis or PLC and two control groups (blood donors and other cancers). The results concern the sequence leeding from hepatitis B to PLC.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed2002

Origin and filiation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells represent a rare population of leukocytes which produce high amounts of type I interferon in response to certain viruses. Although those cells were first described in 1958, there are still unsolved issues related to their origin and function. Recently, a leukemic counterpart of plasmacytoid dendritic cells was identified. Molecular approaches using either normal or leukemic plasmacytoid dendritic cells provide some new insights into the controversial lymphoid origin of those cells. The need for specific markers is still a critical aspect for the identification of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, whatever stage of differentiation, in normal as well as in pathological conditions. Hopefully, novel markers will allow delineation of the relationships between dendritic cells at different stages of differentiation/maturation along the myeloid and lymphoid lineages.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Legal aspects of freezing and filiation in in-vitro fertilization.

The legal rights of embryos are discussed by an academic lawyer. Medical liability in relation to in-vitro fertilization, oocyte donation and surrogacy and embryo stage are considered. The status of the human embryo is considered, including French law on embryonic rights. Embryo research and its donation are debated, and potential conflicts in relation to the laws of torts and contracts are discussed.

Fertilization in Vitro↗

PubMed1993

"Clip-stone" filiation within the biliary tract.

A case of cholangitis due to the migration of a metal clip used for surgical cholecystectomy 4 years earlier, is reported. The diagnostic approach and therapeutic options, either endoscopic or surgical are discussed. The use of resorbable clips during the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy should avoid this type of complication.

Aged↗

PubMed1991